Concepts of Human Physiology in Ayurveda

‘Human Physiology’, or the study of functional aspects of human body, is designated by the term ‘Śarīra Vicaya’ in Ayurvedic literature. The word ‘Vicaya’ means the special or detailed knowledge. Detailed knowledge of normal human body i.e., ‘Śarīra’, is considered helpful in understanding the factors influencing the health. Though most of the\ud basic concepts of human physiology explained in Ayurveda are strikingly similar to the concepts of modern physiology, some concepts like ‘Ātmā’, ‘Manas’ and ‘Prakrti’ are unique\ud to Ayurveda. Understanding of Physiology in Ayurveda should start with the understanding of innumerable minute individual living units called ‘Śarīra Paramānus’ or ‘Anu Srotāmsi’. These units are now known as cells. A group of such functionally and structurally similar units is called a ‘Dhātu’. These ‘Dhātus’ are almost equivalent to the tissues. Seven such ‘Dhātus’ have been enumerated. Similarly, the individual systems in the body have been\ud designated by the term ‘Sthūla Srotāmsi’ and thirteen such ‘Srotāmsi’ have been described by Caraka. ‘Annavaha Stotas’, for example, stands equivalent to the digestive system and ‘Rasavaha Srotas’ to the cardio vascular system. Apart from these, the functioning of individual systems has also been described in a considerably detailed manner. Cardiovascular system as a closed circuit, role of liver in the functioning of hemopoietic system, functional significance of brain in the neural mechanisms, basics of digestion and metabolism and basics of immunity ‐ are some such topics worth mentioning. Theory of ‘Tridosha’ is another important theory of physiology. This represents the various reciprocally\ud functioning homeostatic mechanisms at various levels of organization. The state of equilibrium among these ‘Doshas’ is responsible for maintenance of health. Three ‘Doshas’ –\ud i.e., ‘Vāta’, ‘Pitta’ and ‘Kapha’ in general, represent neural, endocrine and immune mechanisms respectively and form the basis of neuro‐ immuno‐ endocrinology

Human Physiology

Навчально-методичний посібник побудований з урахуванням завдань навчального курсу «Фізіологія людини», передбачених програмою вищої школи для студентів небіологічних спеціальностей. До кожної теми курсу розроблено практичні роботи і завдання для самоконтролю. Посібник рекомендований для студентів небіологічних спеціальностей вищих навчальних закладів, викладачів, учителів.Учебно-методическое пособие построен с учетом задач учебного курса «Физиология человека», предусмотренных программой высшей школы для студентов небиологических специальностей. К каждой теме курса разработаны практические работы и задания для самоконтроля. Пособие рекомендовано для студентов небиологических специальностей высших учебных заведений, преподавателей, учителей.Instructor's Manual constructed based tasks course "Human Physiology" of the program of high school students for non-biological specialties. Each year the theme of the practical challenge to self-control. Handbook for students of non-biological specialties of higher educational institutions, teachers, teachers

Food is our medicine

The paper describes the role of foods and nutrition in the promotion of human health. The relationship between foods, metabolism, homeostasis and metabolic disorder are briefly described. The aim of the paper is to highlight a simple strategy based on biochemistry, process engineering, human physiology and foods to achieve cellular homeostasis and health

Human Physiology II

Exam paper for first semester 201

Gender in endocrine diseases: role of sex gonadal hormones

Gender- and sex- related differences represent a new frontier towards patient-tailored medicine, taking into account that theoretically every medical specialty can be influenced by both of them. Sex hormones define the differences between males and females, and the different endocrine environment promoted by estrogens, progesterone, testosterone, and their precursors might influence both human physiology and pathophysiology. With the term Gender we refer, instead, to behaviors, roles, expectations, and activities carried out by the individual in society. In other words, “gender” refers to a sociocultural sphere of the individual, whereas “sex” only defines the biological sex. In the last decade, increasing attention has been paid to understand the influence that gender can have on both the human physiology and pathogenesis of diseases. Even the clinical response to therapy may be influenced by sex hormones and gender, but further research is needed to investigate and clarify how they can affect the human pathophysiology. The path to a tailored medicine in which every patient is able to receive early diagnosis, risk assessments, and optimal treatments cannot exclude the importance of gender. In this review, we have focused our attention on the involvement of sex hormones and gender on different endocrine diseases

INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY FOR MEDICAL STUDENTS

With recent advances in the fielded of human physiology, it has become urgent to provide an up to date review in the subject of human physiology.This book to help medical student in understanding modern human physiology. It presents the whole subject in brief comprehensive and up to date form.I hope this book will be a real help to undergraduate medical students, as well as to postgraduate and candidates of higher degree, in the field of human physiology