Educating engineering designers for a multidisciplinary future

Contemporary companies on a global market are experiencing constantly changing business demands and increased competition. Increasing focus in product development is now put on issues like understanding users and their needs, the context where users’ activities take place and creating sustainable solutions (McAloone, et.al., 2007). In manufacturing companies, engineering designers play a significant role in realising what is captured in these words.Future engineering designers will hold wider responsibilities for such tasks (McAloone, et.al., 2007; Larsson, et.al., 2005), thus challenging current engineering design education. Educating engineering designers today significantly differs from traditional engineering education (McAloone, et.al., 2007). However, a broader view of design activities gains little attention. The project course Product/Service-Systems, which is coupled to the lecture based course Product life and Environmental issues at the Technical University of Denmark (DTU) and the master programme in Product Development at the Luleå University of Technology (LTU), Sweden, are both curriculums with a broader view than traditional (mechanical) engineering design. Based on these two representatives of a Scandinavian approach, the purpose in this presentation is to describe two ways of educating engineering designers to enable them to develop these broader competencies of socio-technical aspects of engineering design. Product Development at LTU A process, called Participatory Product Innovation (P2I) underpins the master programme Product Development and originates from the Design for Wellbeing (DfW) framework (Larsson, et.al., 2005). This is an inclusive framework which seeks to bring together business, human issues and technology in a comprehensive approach to support the creation of tomorrow’s innovations. A main principle is that many different disciplines should contribute to spur innovation by collaboration across disciplines (Larsson, et.al., 2007). The P2I process starting position is in Needfinding (Patnaik and Becker, 1999), were the students conduct observations and interviews to gain access to ualities in the users’ context. An identified challenge here is to keep people in view and not jump into conclusions, i.e., to understand a situation perceived by its actors as problematic and to widen the design space. Product/Service-Systems at DTU Besides the teaching of traditional engineering skills, the curriculum for the project course aims to build up multidisciplinary competences such as understanding the socio technical aspects of product design and synthesis of products and delivery systems. The students are assigned to redesign an existing physical product, such as a washing machine, and turn it into a product/service-system. The main objective for the project is that the resulting solution should have a substantially lower environmental impact whilst maintaining a similar functional performance as the initial product. The student teams are first guided through an analysis of the initial product’s product life cycle, yielding insights into four aspects of product design:1. indentification of current environmental impacts, 2. life phase systems the product encounters, 3. activities that involve the human actor (i.e. customer) and the product, 4. actor-network that support and supply these activities throughout the product’s life. Based on the analysis, goals are set for the improved solution and concepts are developed for a new product/service-system. This way the students are lead through engineering and socio-technical analysis tasks and thereby laying the foundation for their synthesis work in the concept development phase of the project. Concluding Remark By emphasising socio technical aspects in a process model or in a project course, the students are more likely to consider users, their context and sustainable solutions. This we see as essential competencies in product/service-system design and functional product development. References Larsson, A., Larsson, T., Leifer, L., Van der Loos, M., Feland, J. (2005), Design for Wellbeing: Innovations for People, In proceedings of 15th International Conference on Engineering Design, ICED 05, August 15-18, Melbourne, Australia.McAloone, T.C., Andreasen, M.M., Boelskifte, P. (2007), A Scandinavian Model of Innovative Product Development, In Proccedings of the 17th CIRP Design Conference, Springer-Verlag, Berlin. Patnaik, D., Becker, R. (1999), Needfinding: The Why and How of Uncovering People’s Needs, Design Management Journal, 10 (2), 37-43.Godkänd; 2007; 20071201 (tobias)Fastelaboratoriet - VINNEX

Globalization and Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure (CSRD) Reporting Practices: An Investigation of Power and Oil & Gas Sector in India

An ever increasing number of Corporations are addressing the ethical and social responsibility issues in cross-cultural settings due to globalization of the markets. The Corporations that desire to be more socially responsible require social accounting information both to aid their management decisions and to inform the stakeholders. The National Association of Accountants Committee on Accounting for Corporate Social Performance identified four major areas of social performance viz. Community Development (CD), Human Resources (HR), Service and Product Contribution (SPC), and Physical Resources and Environment Contribution (PREC). This study examines the Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure (CSRD) reporting practices and the preference chosen by Power and Oil & Gas Sector companies in India with respect to these dimensions in an attempt to comprehend and gain insight into attitude and disclosures of companies towards various aspects of Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure (CSRD) through Content Analysis. Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR); Content Analysis; Community Development (CD); Human Resources (HR); Service and Product Contribution (SPC); Annual Reports; Globalization and CSR; Physical Resources and Environment Contribution (PREC); Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure (CSRD

Supply chain response during the COVID-19 pandemic: a multiple-case study

This study explores the responses of manufacturing and service provision companies in Santiago de Cali to stimuli during the COVID-19 pandemic. The responses included changes in demand, absenteeism, and the development of new products, which affected the supply chain (SC). The qualitative methodology of the multiple-case study was used. The evidence for the multiple-case studies was collected through semi-structured interviews, where the interviewees were SC experts from four manufacturing companies and one service company. The data analysis was performed in two phases. In phase one, the case study protocol was completed, and in phase two, thematic analysis was used to identify supply chain response (SCR) patterns. The results revealed two aspects of the SCR. First, to respond to a stimulus, SC adapted activities other than those of suppliers and manufacturers, such as product design and development, human resources, budgeting, and logistics. Second, the SCs used several alternatives to respond to the stimuli. This study contributes to two aspects of the SCR literature: (1) it documents the identification, detection, planning, and evaluation of SCR in response to a stimulus, and (2) it proposes the concept of the response alternatives. The response alternatives concept facilitates decision-making and resource management in SCR.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Design and semantics of form and movement : DeSForM 2007

A strong theme that has emerged in our previous two conferences in the importance of narrative to the process of generating, developing and communicating new modalities of interaction between people, things and environments. Our researches have identified aspects of importance in the design and have begun to establish orders of, priority of approach and representation for these aspects as components of interaction. We have begun to grapple with the growth in the complexity of the interaction design process for truly ‘animated’ functionality in products, especially where this manifests itself as apparent behavioural characteristics resident in or portrayed by products. The findings and experience of researchers is that this increase in complexity is likely to be exponential compared to the rigours relating to the resolution of static physical product configuration or even system operated product with screen based interfaces. The emerging sense is that narrative in the process is essential to bring meaning and to ‘touch’ our humanity or connect with human experience. ‘The science of the artificial in conversation with the poetics of human experience’! Through this conference we will once again engage in presentations, debate and demonstrations on these issues. In this respect we, the conference co-chairs, have sought to bring together researchers from academia, industry and professional design practice and related disciplines connected with interactive product service and system development to share our latest thinking in the field, to asses its outcomes and to identify further research questions, opportunities and territories for future investigation and exploration

Design and semantics of form and movement : DeSForM 2007

A strong theme that has emerged in our previous two conferences in the importance of narrative to the process of generating, developing and communicating new modalities of interaction between people, things and environments. Our researches have identified aspects of importance in the design and have begun to establish orders of, priority of approach and representation for these aspects as components of interaction. We have begun to grapple with the growth in the complexity of the interaction design process for truly ‘animated’ functionality in products, especially where this manifests itself as apparent behavioural characteristics resident in or portrayed by products. The findings and experience of researchers is that this increase in complexity is likely to be exponential compared to the rigours relating to the resolution of static physical product configuration or even system operated product with screen based interfaces. The emerging sense is that narrative in the process is essential to bring meaning and to ‘touch’ our humanity or connect with human experience. ‘The science of the artificial in conversation with the poetics of human experience’! Through this conference we will once again engage in presentations, debate and demonstrations on these issues. In this respect we, the conference co-chairs, have sought to bring together researchers from academia, industry and professional design practice and related disciplines connected with interactive product service and system development to share our latest thinking in the field, to asses its outcomes and to identify further research questions, opportunities and territories for future investigation and exploration

Evaluation for education program and basic training for Jakarta public order agency

This research/evaluation be held for evaluating Evaluation  for education program and basic training for Jakarta public order agency in periode 2012 until 2018 which be held by Civil service police and Human Resources Development Agency (Field Study). This evaluation for analising comprehensively  to significant several aspect in several stages, which consists of stages1, including aspect : a. Legal foundation, b. Need analysis, c. Purpose, also program targets, and stages2, including aspect: a. Participant, b. Organization structure, c. Program and activities, d. Procedure, e.Guidebook, f. Instructors, g. Administrator/Committee, h. Instructional media, i. Means, infrastructure, and Budget, and stages3, including aspect, a. Participant reaction, b. Learning, c. Behavior, also stages4, which including: a.result, b. Program impact. Qualitative approach used on this research. Primary data, and secunder was obtained through observation, interview, study of document, focus group discussion, with all the credible informants. This evaluation be held by using Stufflebeam model, Context, Input, Process and Product (CIPP). Data analysis trough interactive approach Miles and Huberman in data display activity, data reduction, and drawing conclusion. Research/evaluation result. Evaluation result showing that most aspects in contex stages, input, and process also product, getting good judgment, Which means it's done / available according to criteria, so program recommended need to be developed with adjustment on law No.23 of 2014 about local government and Government regulation No. 16 of 2018 about civil service police which has become the development guidelines of education basic program, technical, and functional civil service police all over Indonesia. &nbsp

The Change from Feature Focus to Customer Focus in Packaging Development

The paper and packaging industry is a major and important industry in Sweden. The industry is capital intensive with a large investment base and long cycles for renewal and replenishment of machine platforms and other production equipment. Thus, the paper/packaging industry traditionally has a technical product oriented view and product development in the industry is partly made and understood in isolation from customer and consumer knowledge. In the packaging industry, paper material is the dominant but has lately experienced increased competition from plastics. In this prevailing situation, it has been hard to identify competitive advantages of paper material and packaging producers and converters have not been able to meet the changed market and customer requirements. The paper industry therefore needs to provide packaging materials and packaging solutions that provide competitive advantage and meet the needs and expectations of customers and consumers. Based on this background, the basic postulate proposed for investigation in this research is the need to turn toward a customer perspective, with increased customer understanding, in the development of packages and paper packaging material. The purpose of this research is to better understand the different factors that affect the transformation of perspectives, from a product perspective to a customer perspective, in paper/packaging producing organizations, with regard to product and service development. The understanding of the transformation of perspectives is interesting both from an expected customer outcome and from the viewpoint of the producing organization. The research aim is to highlight the perspective transformation in the organization on a system level as well as on an individual level, since the impact of individuals cannot be excluded when the aim is to understand such transformation. It is identified from research in service management that customer orientation is central in service management and that service development emanates from customer needs. Therefore, learning from the service industry, for knowledge transfer and for implementation in the paper/packaging industry is part of this research. The entire research is based on different studies in the paper/packaging industry and in the service industry. All studies are based on real-life case situations with qualitative, subjective and interpretive analysis. The results from these different cases are presented in five separate papers that are appended to this thesis. The thesis takes up a summary of the papers and the entire research. Based on the postulate that packaging development need to adopt a customer perspective, the research suggest for the packaging industry to align services to the core products for competitive advantage and increased customer value. The postulated customer perspective further proposes the package producer to regard oneself as part of the customers? and consumers? system. Models for working with the postulated perspective change as well as models for integration of individuals to the organizational systems are provided as a framework and theoretical contribution. The integration of the individuals to the organizational system concludes that the relations between employees and customers are pivotal for an increased understanding of customer needs. The interaction between product development employees and customers can therefore be enhanced through the trust of individuals within a system to transcend organizational boundaries into the entire system. It is further concluded in the research, that the transformation of perspectives is dependent on individuals and their learning. A daily desire to learn within an organization and individual courage to question the status quo, is necessary for the change to happen. One practical contribution of this research is the methods developed for such individual learning and for changing individuals? mindsets from a product/feature perspective to a customer value perspective in product and service development. In order to build knowledge about the transformation of perspectives, this research suggests action research as the preferred methodology for studying change processes. The main reason is the possibility to integrate human aspects into the change process and to get deep access to reality when studying the change of perspectives at the producer

Peningkatan Tata Kelola Usaha Keripik Pisang Sale Pada Kelompok Ibu-Ibu Pengrajin Di Bungus Teluk Kabung

The smoked banana chips business "Karya Mandiri" is a business of independent craftsmen who produce smoked banana chips for sale at Bungus Teluk Kabung. This business has been established for 25 years, starting with the desire to take advantage of the availability of banana raw materials which are abundant and easily available around the business location, supported by the desire and ability to produce sale bananas. It turns out that the product is quite attractive to the market as evidenced by the large number of customers. In the development of this business, the owner realized the lack of ability in terms of business governance and marketing. This raises concerns for business owners. Based on these problems, it is necessary to develop business management capabilities for partners to develop their business. Partners need guidance in business management, both in terms of human resource management, production management, marketing management, and financial management. This service activity aims to improve entrepreneurial governance skills from aspects of business activities which include human resources, production processes, marketing systems and financial management, all of which are interrelated. The method used in this service is coaching and counseling for businesses that are partners, namely the home industry of banana chips sale "Karya Mandiri". The result of this community service program is that business people understand the importance of knowledge about business management to manage their business better and faster develop, understand the importance of qualified and capable human resources, dare to produce innovative and more diverse products, increase product marketing and aggressively carry out promotions by utilizing internet technology, for example through Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp, and various other electronic media and be able to manage company finances well as well as being able to become an independent entrepreneur who is highly motivated in running his business, so it is hoped that the business being run can develop for the better