Amalan Terbaik Pengurusan Penyelenggaraan Perumahan Awam Pihak Berkuasa Tempatan

Kajian ini merupakan satu usaha untuk menambahbaik komponen dan amalan pengurusan pengurusan penyelenggaraan perumahan awam Pihak Berkuasa Tempatan (PBT). Untuk mencapai sasaran tersebut, tiga (3) objektif telah dibentuk, iaitu 1) untuk mengenalpasti kelebihan dan kelemahan amalan pengurusan penyelenggaraan semasa perumahan awam PBT, 2) untuk menentukan komponen-komponen utama bagi menilai keberkesanan pelaksanaan amalan pengurusan penyelenggaraan perumahan awam PBT dan 3) untuk membangunkan amalan pengurusan penyelenggaraan terbaik perumahan awam PBT. Bagi mencapai objektif-objektif kajian ini, suatu pendekatan kajian berperingkat atau dikenali sebagai pendekatan pelbagai kaedah (multi-method) telah dilaksanakan. Menerusi pendekatan ini, aktiviti pengumpulan data kajian telah dilaksanakan dalam 2 peringkat yang berasingan menerusi perlaksanaan 2 kaedah yang berbeza. Pada peringkat pertama, kaedah pengumpulan data kajian adalah dikenali sebagai kaedah kajian kes dan pada peringkat kedua pula, kaedah yang digunapakai adalah dirujuk sebagai kaedah soal selidik. Menerusi kaedah kajian kes, 3 PBT telah dipilih sebagai kes-kes kajian iaitu Dewan Bandaraya Kuala Lumpur (DBKL), Majlis Bandaraya Ipoh (MBI) dan Majlis Perbandaran Seberang Prai (MPSP). This research is an effort to improve existing component and practices of maintenance management with a specific focus on Local Government (LG) public housing. Towards this end, three (3) research objectives were formulated, namely, 1) to identify the strengths and weaknesses within the current LG public housing maintenance management practices; 2) to determine the main components to evaluate effectiveness of LG public housing maintenance management practices; and 3) to develop best practices for LG public housing maintenance management. To achieve these research objectives, a mixed methodology research approach, also known as a multi-method research, was utilized. Through this approach, research data collection was undertaken in 2 individual stages employing 2 different approaches. During the first stage, data collection was conducted via a case study approach while within the second stage, research data was garnered through a survey approach. For the case study approach, 3 LG organizations were selected as the respective case studies, namely, the Kuala Lumpur City Hall (DBKL), Ipoh City Council (MBI) and Seberang Perai Municipal Council (MPSP)

Sustainable living environment for urban low-income households in Malaysia : key factors for maintenance

Urbanisation is predicted to continuously increase every year. Demand for urban shelter will rise and hence this will force governments to act, within their capability, to provide affordable housing in order to maintain social and economic stability. Some industrialized countries have demonstrated full state support from planning and implementation through to continuing maintenance in order to create and sustain a healthy living environment for urban low-in-come households. For developing countries, this might be more difficult. Ensuring adequate maintenance to provide housing quality over the long term is proving even more problematic than simply providing housing. The question is how housing in developing countries can be made sustainable in order to provide a better living environment in the long term. This study focuses on key issues of residential living environments for urban low-cost housing in Malaysia in relation to housing maintenance management. Drawing from extensive primary research and a series of interviews, this exploratory study identifies factors that must be considered by policy makers in order to provide a decent and sustainable living environment for the urban lower-income group. The outcome suggests that current systems of maintenance management - offsetting maintenance to developers or the housing communities themselves, is not working well. The government may need to continue to support low cost housing through maintenance in order to prevent deterioration of accommodation that could become future slums.<br /

A decision support system for evaluating local authority housing maintenance strategies in the United Kingdom

Purpose The lack of smart resources management and servicescape strategies within the social housing sector in the late 1970s influenced the rise of successive Governments to consider the restructuring of the traditional ‘cumbersome’ Local Authority based structures and approaches toward more ‘enterprise focussed’ management organisations (Sharp & Jones 2012). This change in central Government policy encouraged Local Authorities to assign through outsourcing their housing stock (including associated asset management services) as part of a Large Scale Voluntary Transfer (LSVT) via a process of compulsory competitive tendering to Housing Associations and / or set up Housing Trusts to increase the accountability, efficiency, and effectiveness of social housing and healthcare provision in the local community. As part of this modernisation process, all social housing and community care providers (also known as ‘Registered Social Landlords’ - RSLs) became subject to statutory audits, inspections and regulation, and performance management, to ensure the service quality delivery requirements. More recently, however, changes in the legislative framework have introduced choice-based letting policy, putting the customer first, service delivery and additionally RSLs are required to act as ‘Corporate Social Landlords’. These changes have focused RSLs attention on the need to sharpen service responsiveness, especially in the area of housing maintenance management (DETR 2000). Previous research (Holmes 1985; Spedding 1990; Johnston 1993; Stewart & Stoker 1995; Olubodun 1996, 2000, 2001; Sagoo et al. 1996; El-Haram & Horner 2002; Kangwa & Olubodun 2003, 2005; Boussabaine & Kirkham 2004; Jones & Cooper 2007; Prowle 2009; Babangida et al. 2012) has mainly concentrated on analysing maintenance management factors at the micro level; developing maintenance models and framework design for operational level. However, in the social housing sector, there have been no studies undertaken to date that have been focused on housing maintenance strategies – for example, how this is formulated, the key drivers of change and the impact on customer orientated service delivery. The purpose of this study is to identify the critical factors that drive the decision-making process in order to formulate responsive housing maintenance strategies and to develop a decision support model to improve customer service delivery of social housing provision. Research methodology Through a process of qualitative case study, pilot questionnaire surveys, workshops and qualitative in-depth interviews, the research has identified how the housing maintenance strategies are formulated and how social housing providers could enhance customer service delivery. The study comprised four phases in order to reflect the key objectives of the research. The first phase comprised a review of literature on social housing provision in the UK, identifying relevant changes in the legislative framework, an assessment of the challenges faced by RSLs and the key factors influencing performance of social housing provision. This phase also included undertaking a case study based on five different RSLs to examine the ‘real problems’ as to how and to what extent RSLs have adopted their organisation in order to meet the changes and challenges which they now face. The second phase investigated the key service factors impacting on housing maintenance strategy design and development through the use of a pilot study questionnaire directed to the asset managers (participating in the survey) and also included a selection of end users of the services (tenants). This phase identified the differences between the perceptions of service providers and the expectations of the service users. A key feature of this phase entailed conducting a workshop to disseminate findings of the pilot study. The workshop also formed a basis for ‘in-depth’ discussions for identifying the key factors, their descriptions, their interactions with each other, their inter-relationships with the tenant type, and their combined impact on formulating responsive housing maintenance strategy. The third phase of the study entailed eliciting qualitative data from the participants using the Repertory Grid (RG) ‘in-depth’ interview technique - a psychology tool in order to gain a deeper understanding of the core important ‘constructs’ and sub-constructs, their characteristics, their inter-relationships in the design and development of effective housing asset maintenance strategies. The fourth phase of this study entailed the development of a decision support system and the qualitative validation of the relationships found to exist between the constructs examined in phase three together with the testing of the model over a period of two months with four of the participating social housing providers. Findings The key findings arising from this research suggest that the design and development of value for money maintenance strategies within the public housing sector, are not solely based on physical factors related to the age, condition, location, construction type for example, but rather it was found that the majority of the asset management decisions made, were dependent upon a multivariate of key factors. The study identified 52 key factors, which when grouped together formed seven key cluster (Customer risk factors, Asset manager risk factors, Tenancy risk factors, Neighbourhood and community sustainability risk factors, Financial and economic risk factors, continuous service improvement risk factors and corporate risk factors) which are both ‘unique’ and ‘novel’ and are identified as having a direct influence on the formulation of housing maintenance strategy. These factors should not be considered in isolation and are more akin to the business success factors. The business ‘Balanced Scorecard’ (BSC) was evaluated and used as the basis for a ‘best fit’ model which was tested against four RSL to confirm its validity and its appropriateness. The responses obtained from these trials has indicated that the BSC provides a working tool capable of enhancing RSL organisational capabilities and service delivery effectiveness but also able to incorporate customer views regarding service delivery. This research makes major contributions to the existing limited pool of knowledge relating to strategic asset management within social housing sector and in addition, provides an insight into how housing maintenance strategy can be developed to incorporate feedback from customers (tenants) regarding the quality and responsive service delivery. The research also demonstrates the potential value of the BSC approach to the management tool capable of generating a competitive edge in line with government policy which is currently directed towards encouraging RSLs to adopt a commercial business approach to their operations. The research also demonstrates that the adoption of a decision support system in the form of BSC has the potential to provide useful assistance to RSLs intending to move away from the traditional public sector approaches to management (a more private sector orientated) approach to their operations. The research also shows that asset managers experience little difficulty in understanding the principles behind the BSC approach and its application. In addition, the cascading effect of BSC in housing maintenance strategy means that the strategy can be converted into measurable actions at the operational levels thereby providing a direct link between strategy and its implementation. Due to the absence of suitable benchmarking data, score rating derived from the RG were adopted by asset managers. This approach was found to be highly sensitive in assessing service delivery constructs. Furthermore, the research revealed that the individual constructs (52 key factors) had a profound influence in relation to the strategy formation and the assessment of customer service delivery. The study found that RSLs need to develop a deeper understanding and awareness of their customers concerns in that these factors may have a major impact in the development of a responsive housing maintenance strategy and overall improvements on RSLs performance. A close link was found between customer profile, their financial standing and their service expectations, patterns of behaviour and their interaction with their RSLs. High performance expectation was found on the part of affordable customers, presumably reflecting a higher level of social and economic dependency within this group and greater need for access to services thereby challenging RSLs to deliver higher standards of performance including housing maintenance provision. Other customer groups were noted as placing demand on their RSLs to adopt more holistic approach to formulation of housing maintenance strategy and embrace business-like approach to service delivery in order to facilitate a smooth transition from traditional public sector ethos to one closely akin to that associated with the private sector organisation. Practical implications The practical implications of this research are, that, if RSLs are to meet the demands of complying with a changed legislative framework, deliver responsive housing maintenance services to reflect the ever-changing customer expectations, and to adopt commercial approaches to the development of housing maintenance strategies, RSLs will need to re-engineer their business processes if the demands are to be satisfactorily accommodated. RSLs must also be prepared to adopt ‘smart business’ practices in the future, given that existing Key Line Of Enquiry (KLOEs) approaches now provide an inadequate tool for assessing performance in housing asset management nor are KLOEs sufficiently robust or possessing a sufficient degree of agility for modelling complex service delivery scenarios. As a result of this research, the BSC model has demonstrated its usefulness and its appropriateness to housing maintenance decision making within the current economic conditions and changed regulatory regime. The BSC model is simple in nature but nonetheless sufficiently flexible to allow factors to be added or omitted to accommodate the requirements and structures of individual RSLs. Academic implications To date, most housing asset management have concentrated on the technical and cost aspects of maintenance management aimed at the micro level and have attached little attention to the needs of strategic management or the potential significance of the customer. These earlier researches have limited application to the needs of strategy management particularly under the current conditions which social housing providers are now required to operate (Sharp & Jones 2012). This study is first of its kind to attempt to evaluate housing maintenance strategy giving considerations to end user ‘the customer’ dimension in service delivery within the social housing sector. This study has adopted a novel approach to this area of research by employing a technique frequently encountered in clinical psychology, based upon the use of a Repertory Grid – a qualitative tool for triadic elicitation of key drivers with a view to providing a robust tool for assisting housing asset managers involved in the development of housing maintenance strategy. The RG personal interviews with senior asset managers revealed hidden and latent factors, which would not have been easily identified had a quantitative questionnaire been used. The hidden constructs which were identified as a result of the applications of this technique are considered to be ‘akin’ to business success factors. Originality This study is also unique in that it has given particular considerations to the provision of housing maintenance service as perceived from the view point of the end users rather than directing itself to the constructional and technical aspects of housing asset management. Also, the research recognises the need for asset managers to become more aware of the implications of social factors and the need for these aspects to be incorporated into strategic maintenance models. A further unique aspect of this research is that it has endeavoured to obtain an insight into the cognitive processes (mind mapping and analytical mental processes) behind the decision making of asset management, in order to identify and understand the nature of the drivers behind these processes to develop a rational decision support model for assisting in the rational formulating of housing maintenance strategy. KEYWORDS Social Housing, Registered Social Landlords, Social Housing Providers, Customer Service Delivery, Asset Managers, Customer, Tenants, Repertory Gri

Technical Bulletins: Antirecession Fiscal Assistance: An Explanation

MTAS prepared the following edited version of a CTAS bulletin that explains Antirecession Fiscal Assistance (ARFA) in easily understood terms

Factors for Effective Repair and Maintenance Services in the Housing Industry

Most residents of high-rise housing do not realize the importance of proper building management until their physical buildings and shared facilities have deteriorated. This paper identifies the factors for effective repair and maintenance services in a housing setting. The study uses systematic literature review method analyzed through content analysis techniques with peer-reviewed journal articles. Results include potential factors for effective repair and maintenance services in high-rise housing. This study contributes by giving valuable reference to the property management companies managing such houses to consider the factors for effective repair and maintenance towards building quality and sustainability. Keywords: Effective repair &amp; maintenance services; High-rise Housing; Housing Industry eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2019. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning &amp; Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v4i12.193

Improving User Comfort Classroom at the Kalimantan Institute of Technology with Maintenance Factors

In building construction, the implementation of maintenance activities plays an important role in the quality of the building. By carrying out these activities regularly, it’s hoped to minimize and prevent damage to buildings and make users feel comfortable. Kalimantan Institute of Technology must have comfortable study spaces. This study aims to determine the effect of the class maintenance factor on the user's comfort level. The analysis brought by determining what factors are influencing, these factors influence, and the most dominant factors affecting the most. Primary data was obtained by distributing questionnaires to respondents, secondary data inactive students, and lecturers at the Kalimantan Institute of Technology, and supporting research data in ministerial regulations, books, research journals, and others. The data analysis process uses IBM SPSS as an auxiliary program with multiple linear regression analysis methods. Based on the research and data processing conducted, it’s concluded that 8 factors influence the maintenance, namely the maintenance of user comfort by 80.8% and the variable maintenance of the room walls. The room wall maintenance variable is the most dominant factor influencing the comfort of classroom users. Knowing these factors can implement optimal implementation to support the comfort of class users at the Kalimantan Institute of Technologists

Helping Public Housing Residents Find and Keep Jobs: A Guide for Practitioners Based on the Jobs-Plus Demonstration

This guide contains practical advice on implementing a program model -- known as the Jobs-Plus Community Initiative for Public Housing Families (Jobs-Plus) -- aimed at helping public housing residents find and keep jobs. The most rigorously evaluated employment program initiative ever tried in public housing, Jobs-Plus has shown strong potential for improving the employment outlooks of low-income workers and job-seekers. The guide draws on the experiences of six programs based in housing projects around the country that took part in MDRC's national Jobs-Plus demonstration

Assessment of tenant satisfaction with public housing in Johor Bahru

Malaysian government had embarked upon several efforts to provide quality and affordable housing for every citizen. Rental Public Housing Programmes are one of the government initiatives to overcome affordable housing issues. Rental housing provided at nominal rent to the needy and are publicly funded and administered for low income families. Renting is essentially an urban tenure due to a massive waves of people moved to the cities. However, development of high rise housing in urban area for the low income people are facing problems such as housing maintenance, management and anti-social behaviors, thus need to be addressed by the government. It is therefore importance to incorporate the aspect of quality residential environment towards the affordable housing occupants. This research attempts to identify the components of residential environment and examine the relationship between resident satisfactions with residential environment. The first objective was achieved through literature review. The primary data was analysed using frequency analysis, descriptive analysis, cross-tabulation analysis and Pearson chi-square tests to achieve the second objective. It is conducted through a five-point likert scale questionnaire with a sample of 210 Rumah Iskandar respondents.The findings shows that the residents are satisfied with 38 components of the residential environment. However, there are three components recorded as dissatisfied which are firefighting system, public phone and distance to hospital. The results suggest that government and policy makers should incorporate the element of resident satisfaction in the public housing policy. This is to ensure the occupants are satisfied with the public houses supplied by the government

Optimising Maintenance Cost by Prioritising Maintenance of Facilities Services in Residential Buildings

Purpose – The paper illustrates the maintenance prioritising for facilities services in high-rise residential buildings in Peninsular Malaysia. Maintenance prioritisation is becoming more prominent in the building maintenance industry due to budget constraints, poor maintenance management and to yield better maintenance performance. Design/methodology/approach – Two main categories with eleven facilities services that require maintenance were identified through extensive literature review. A total of 321 returned questionnaires were analysed to distinguish the relationship between the maintenance priority and cost variance. Semi-structured interviews were then conducted to validate the findings. Findings – The findings revealed that five essential facilities services were significantly correlated to cost variance and a prediction model which examines the probability of over-budget was developed. Meanwhile, the interviews recognised that maintenance prioritisation has impact towards maintenance cost. Research limitations/implications – This research focuses on the maintenance priorities of facilities services and their effects to maintenance cost. However, it is undeniable that the maintenance cost can be affected by other factors, contributing to a lower percentage of the total variance in the prediction model. Thus, it creates research opportunity to study the factors (i.e. manpower, materials, wear and tear, etc.) affecting the variance of maintenance cost. Practical implications – This study is useful to property managers in efforts to enhance the cost performance via appropriate maintenance prioritisation. The essential facilities services should be highly prioritised compared to the value-added facilities services. Originality/value – The paper signifies the importance of maintenance prioritisation. It serves as a guide to plan and execute maintenance planning in a more logical way within budget and time constraints. Keywords: maintenance priority, facilities services, residential, high-rise building, building maintenance, maintenance cos