IDHOCNET-A Novel Protocol Stack and Architecture for Ad hoc Networks

Presently employed Internet Protocol (IP) stack possesses number of architectural problems. The issues like Dual/Overriding role of IP addresses, mobility, multi-homing etc are the limitations for the infrastructure oriented networks which even have support of Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP), Domain Name System (DNS), Network Address Translation (NAT) servers, etc. Such issues are extremely complex to handle in the case of multi-hop wireless ad hoc networks which lack the support of any infrastructure component. The contemporary research direction for the improvement of present Internet architecture mainly focuses on the use of real identifiers instead of IP addresses for host identification in the network. However, the proposed architectures mostly discuss the infrastructure oriented network models and minimal research has been conducted in the direction of proposals for ad hoc networks.  In this paper we provide a thorough discussion on the practical usage issues of IP based ad hoc network implementation. In order to resolve the present limitations of ad hoc networks, we describe an implementation of a novel identifier based ad hoc network protocol stack and architecture known as IDHOCNET (Identifier based ad hoc network). The architecture proposes a novel paradigm of identifier based applications for multi-hop wireless ad hoc environment. The proposed system further provides backward compatibility to support co-existence with IP based applications. As a proof of concept, the architecture has been implemented on Linux platform with WiFi interfaces. Various practical scenarios with architectural insight are presented to demonstrate the practicability of the proposed approach

An Advanced Configuration and Duplicate Address Detection mechanism for a multi-interface OLSR Network

Mobile Ad hoc NETworks (MANETs) are infrastructure-free, highly dynamic wireless networks, where central administration or configuration by the user is very difficult. In hardwired networks nodes usually rely on a centralized server and use a dynamic host configuration protocol, like DHCP, to acquire an IP address. Such a solution cannot be deployed in MANETs due to the unavailability of any centralized DHCP server. For small scale MANETs, it may be possible to allocate free IP addresses manually. However, the procedure becomes impractical for a large-scale or open system where mobile nodes are free to join and leave. Numerous dynamic addressing schemes for ad hoc networks have been proposed. These approaches differ in a wide range of aspects, such as the usage of centralized servers or full decentralization, hierarchical structure or flat network organization, and explicit or implicit duplicate address detection. In this paper we will present a complete and optimized version of the auto-configuration solutions for OLSR , that we have already proposed in and . This solution works in the case of a nodes having multiple interfaces, and is based on an efficient Duplicate Address Detection(DAD) algorithm which takes advantage of the genuine optimization of the OLSR routing protocol. A proof of the correct operation of the proposed solution is given and the communication overhead induced is evaluated

MiPOS - the Mote Indoor Positioning System

In the past few years, there have been huge research efforts into ubiquitous and context aware platforms that offer a user a custom level of service based on some known local parameters. The utility of such systems is greatly enhanced if a physical locational area can be determined. Recently, hybrid devices have been developed combining low power micro controllers with short range FM radio transceivers. Some location identification work has been carried out with these systems such as the Matrix Pencil approximation technique[8],however most of these all provide information for an ideal square area with no RF obstructions.Here we present MiPOS, a scalable locationing system based on the MICA mote[11] family of devices.The design goal of MiPOS is to provide a low-power, scalable, distributed locationing system suited to an indoor (office) environment.During the presentation of this paper we will highlight solutions in the areas of security, radio and network management and power awareness for a hybrid context aware wearable locationing device

Ad Hoc Networking in the Internet: A Deeper Problem Than It Seems

Self-organized networks, also known as ad hoc networks or MANETs, are expected to soon become important components in the Internet architecture. Numerous efforts currently focus on the accomplishment of scalable and efficient mobile ad hoc routing, an essential piece in order to fully integrate ad hoc networks in the Internet. However, an orthogonal and yet as important issue lies with ad hoc IP autoconfiguration. Indeed, prior to participation in IP communication and routing, a node must acquire IP addresse(s) to configure its interface(s). These IP addresses may be required to be unique within a certain scope and/or topologically "correct". Since nodes may be mobile and neither the set of nodes in the MANET nor their connections to each other is pre-determined, the proper configuration must be detected and acquired automatically. This paper reviews the applicability, in the particular context of MANETs, of standard automatic address configuration and prefix allocation protocols, and identifies the different categories of issues that are not solved by these protocols. The paper then elaborates further on why these issues are more profound than they seem, as they pertain to graph theory and are in fact real scalability and architectural issues for the Internet of tomorrow

A survey on subjecting electronic product code and non-ID objects to IP identification

Over the last decade, both research on the Internet of Things (IoT) and real-world IoT applications have grown exponentially. The IoT provides us with smarter cities, intelligent homes, and generally more comfortable lives. However, the introduction of these devices has led to several new challenges that must be addressed. One of the critical challenges facing interacting with IoT devices is to address billions of devices (things) around the world, including computers, tablets, smartphones, wearable devices, sensors, and embedded computers, and so on. This article provides a survey on subjecting Electronic Product Code and non-ID objects to IP identification for IoT devices, including their advantages and disadvantages thereof. Different metrics are here proposed and used for evaluating these methods. In particular, the main methods are evaluated in terms of their: (i) computational overhead, (ii) scalability, (iii) adaptability, (iv) implementation cost, and (v) whether applicable to already ID-based objects and presented in tabular format. Finally, the article proves that this field of research will still be ongoing, but any new technique must favorably offer the mentioned five evaluative parameters.Comment: 112 references, 8 figures, 6 tables, Journal of Engineering Reports, Wiley, 2020 (Open Access

Dynamic auto configuration and self-management of next generation personal area networks

Estágio realizado no INESC-Porto e orientado pelo Eng.º Rui Lopes CamposTese de mestrado integrado. Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores. Faculdade de Engenharia. Universidade do Porto. 200

Smart Agent and Modified Master-Backup Algorithm for Auto Switching Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Relay through Wireless Router

Several problems happened in a wireless router which is the number of clients that connected to DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) services and also durability in connectivity. Wireless router which is used in the office nowadays usually has a small memory and also CPU power. Memory or CPU sometimes could be running out when a wireless router does some background services. DHCP is one of the services needed to run in a wireless router. DHCP is interrupted when memory or CPU is full. DHCP relay and modification of the backup algorithm needed to overcome this situation when the memory or CPU in the wireless router is limited. The modification of the backup algorithm is a mechanism to switch the main router with the backup router when the main router memory is busy. DHCP relay could become a DHCP server directly when the main router is busy. Wireless router in another side could be formatted with open-source OS such as OpenWRT to become bridge interface that connected to DHCP relay. The scenario that tested in this research is using Cisco DHCP relay services in combination with OpenWRT wireless router, in variation with Mikrotik original “capsman” protocol with DHCP relay in combination with wireless-enabled Mikrotik and also in combination with OpenWRT wireless router. The result shows that OpenWRT in configuration with DHCP relay and backup algorithm could extend the number of a client connected, and also the durability of the wireless router runs its services as DHCP forwarder to DHCP relay and DHCP server. Theoretically, the number of the client that could connect in class C IPv4 address is 253 clients. Practically, in some wireless router brand, the number of the client is limited to 15 to 30 clients because that number is an optimal client for consuming the bandwidth. DHCP relay scenario could extend that limit to have a larger number of the client, and the new backup algorithm in combination also doesn’t decrease IP release time significantly from usual DHCP using a direct connection

Auto-Configuration Protocols in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

The TCP/IP protocol allows the different nodes in a network to communicate by associating a different IP address to each node. In wired or wireless networks with infrastructure, we have a server or node acting as such which correctly assigns IP addresses, but in mobile ad hoc networks there is no such centralized entity capable of carrying out this function. Therefore, a protocol is needed to perform the network configuration automatically and in a dynamic way, which will use all nodes in the network (or part thereof) as if they were servers that manage IP addresses. This article reviews the major proposed auto-configuration protocols for mobile ad hoc networks, with particular emphasis on one of the most recent: D2HCP. This work also includes a comparison of auto-configuration protocols for mobile ad hoc networks by specifying the most relevant metrics, such as a guarantee of uniqueness, overhead, latency, dependency on the routing protocol and uniformity