A Review: Substrate Integrated Waveguide Antennas and Arrays

This study aims to provide an overview and deployment of Substrate-Integrated Waveguide (SIW) based antenna and arrays, with different configurations, feeding mechanisms, and performances. Their performance improvement methods, including bandwidth enhancement, size reduction, and gain improvement are also discussed based on available literature. SIW technology, which acts as a bridge between planar and non-planar technology, is a very favorable candidate for the development of components operating at microwave and millimeter wave band. Due to this, SIW antennas and array take the advantages of both classical metallic waveguide, which includes high gain, high power capacity, low cross polarization, and high selectivity, and that of planar antennas which comprises low profile, light weight, low fabrication cost, conformability to planar or bent surfaces, and easy integration with planar circuits

Wideband and UWB antennas for wireless applications. A comprehensive review

A comprehensive review concerning the geometry, the manufacturing technologies, the materials, and the numerical techniques, adopted for the analysis and design of wideband and ultrawideband (UWB) antennas for wireless applications, is presented. Planar, printed, dielectric, and wearable antennas, achievable on laminate (rigid and flexible), and textile dielectric substrates are taken into account. The performances of small, low-profile, and dielectric resonator antennas are illustrated paying particular attention to the application areas concerning portable devices (mobile phones, tablets, glasses, laptops, wearable computers, etc.) and radio base stations. This information provides a guidance to the selection of the different antenna geometries in terms of bandwidth, gain, field polarization, time-domain response, dimensions, and materials useful for their realization and integration in modern communication systems

2009 Index IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters Vol. 8

This index covers all technical items - papers, correspondence, reviews, etc. - that appeared in this periodical during the year, and items from previous years that were commented upon or corrected in this year. Departments and other items may also be covered if they have been judged to have archival value. The Author Index contains the primary entry for each item, listed under the first author\u27s name. The primary entry includes the coauthors\u27 names, the title of the paper or other item, and its location, specified by the publication abbreviation, year, month, and inclusive pagination. The Subject Index contains entries describing the item under all appropriate subject headings, plus the first author\u27s name, the publication abbreviation, month, and year, and inclusive pages. Note that the item title is found only under the primary entry in the Author Index

Four-element ultrawideband textile cross array for dual-spatial and dual-polarization diversity

The emergence of miniaturized flexible electronics enables on-duty first responders to collect biometrical and environmental data through multiple on-body sensors, integrated into their clothing. However, gathering these life-saving data would be useless if they cannot set up reliable, preferable high-data-rate, wireless communication links between the sensors and a remote base station. Therefore, we have developed a four-element ultrawideband textile cross array that combines dual-spatial and dual-polarization diversity and is easily deployable in a first responder's garment. The impedance bandwidth of the array equals 1.43 GHz, while mutual coupling between its elements remains below -25 dB. For a maximal bit error rate of 1e-4, the array realizes a diversity gain of 24.81 dB. When applying adaptive subcarrier modulation, the mean throughput per orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) subcarrier increases by an extra bit/symbol when comparing fourth- to second-order diversity

2008 Index IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology Vol. 16

This index covers all technical items - papers, correspondence, reviews, etc. - that appeared in this periodical during the year, and items from previous years that were commented upon or corrected in this year. Departments and other items may also be covered if they have been judged to have archival value. The Author Index contains the primary entry for each item, listed under the first author\u27s name. The primary entry includes the coauthors\u27 names, the title of the paper or other item, and its location, specified by the publication abbreviation, year, month, and inclusive pagination. The Subject Index contains entries describing the item under all appropriate subject headings, plus the first author\u27s name, the publication abbreviation, month, and year, and inclusive pages. Note that the item title is found only under the primary entry in the Author Index

Dual-polarized 28-GHz air-filled SIW phased antenna array for next-generation cellular systems

A high-performance dual-polarized eight-element air-filled substrate-integrated-waveguide (AFSIW) cavity-backed patch antenna array is presented. The antenna operates in the [26.5-29.5] GHz band and provides a stable high data-rate wireless communication link between end-user terminals and access points in next-generation cellular systems. Its topology is carefully selected to maximize the performance of the array. In addition, by combining the AFSIW technology with a new antenna architecture, a low-profile, low-cost, stable, and high-performance array design is guaranteed. A prototype was fabricated and validated, demonstrating a wide active impedance bandwidth over ±35 o scanning range and low-cross polarization level within the entire frequency band

A Dual-Polarized Planar Antenna Array Differentially-Fed by Orthomode Transducer

This paper presents a new design of a differentially-fed substrate integrated planar antenna array with dual-polarization. Compared with the traditional dual-polarized antenna arrays, the proposed array antenna has the advantages of simple configuration, high cross-polarization discrimination (XPD) and high gain. 2×2-element subarray design with a vialoaded crossover structure is used, which reduces the complexity of the array antenna. The operation bandwidth is improved by generating three resonances in the subarray. One 8×8 antenna array is designed, prototyped and tested to exemplify its potential applications in large dual-polarized antenna arrays. A planar orthomode transducer is used to achieve differential excitation for the antenna array. The measured results show that the proposed antenna array has an impedance bandwidth of 19.2–20.7 GHz for |S11| < −10 dB and port isolation higher than 20 dB. The array antenna exhibits a high XPD of 43 dB and a flat gain about 22.2 dBi within the bandwidth

Millimeter-Wave Components and Antennas for Spatial and Polarization Diversity using PRGW Technology

The evolution of the wireless communication systems to the future generation is accompanied by a huge improvement in the system performance through providing a high data rate with low latency. These systems require access to millimeter wave (mmWave) bands, which offer several advantages such as physically smaller components and much wider bandwidthcomparedtomicrowavefrequencies. However, mmWavecomponentsstillneed a significant improvement to follow the rapid variations in future technologies. Although mmWave frequencies can carry more data, they are limited in terms of their penetration capabilities and their coverage range. Moreover, these frequencies avoid deploying traditional guiding technologies such as microstrip lines due to high radiation and material losses. Hence, utilizing new guiding structure techniques such as Printed Ridge Gap Waveguide (PRGW) is essential in future mmWave systems implementation. ThemainpurposeofthisthesisistodesignmmWavecomponents,antennasubsystems and utilize both in beam switching systems. The major mmWave components addressed in this thesis are hybrid coupler, crossover, and differential power divider where the host guidingstructureisthePRGW.Inaddition,variousdesignsfordifferentialfeedingPRGW antennas and antenna arrays are presented featuring wide bandwidth and high gain in mmWave band. Moreover, the integration of both the proposed components and the featured antennas is introduced. This can be considered as a significant step toward the requirements fulfillment of today's advanced communication systems enabling both space and polarization diversity. The proposed components are designed to meet the future ever-increasing consumer experience and technical requirements such as low loss, compact size, and low-cost fabrication. This directed the presented research to have a contribution into three major parts. The first part highlights the feeding structures, where mmWave PRGW directional couplers and differential feeding power divider are designed and validated. These components are among the most important passive elements of microwave circuits used in antennabeam-switchingnetworks. Different3-dBquadraturehybridcouplersandcrossover prototypes are proposed, featured with a compact size and a wide bandwidth beyond 10 % at 30 GHz. In the second part, a beam switching network implemented using hybrid couplers is presented. The proposed beam switching network is a 4 × 4 PRGW Butler matrix that used to feed a Magneto-electric (ME) dipole antenna array. As a result, a 2-D scanning antenna array with a compact size, wide bandwidth, and high radiation efficiency larger than84%isachieved. Furthergainenhancementof5dBiisachievedthroughdeployinga hybridgainenhancementtechniqueincludingAMCmushroomshapesaroundtheantenna array with a dielectric superstrate located in the broadside direction. The proposed scanning antenna array can be considered as a step toward the desired improvement in the data rate and coverage through enabling the space diversity for the communication link. The final activity is related to the development of high-gain wide-band mmWave antenna arrays for potential use in future mmWave applications. The first proposed configuration is a differential feeding circular polarized aperture antenna array implemented with PRGW technology. Differential feeding antenna designs offer more advantages than single- ended antennas for mmWave communications as they are easy to be integrated with differential mmWave monolithic ICs that have high common-mode rejection ratio providing an immunity of the environmental noise. The proposed differential feeding antenna array is designed and fabricated, which featured with a stable high gain and a high radiation efficiency over a wide bandwidth. Another proposed configuration is a dualpolarized ME-dipole PRGW antenna array for mmWave wireless communication. Dual polarizationisconsideredoneofthemostimportantantennasolutionsthatcansavecosts and space for modern communication systems. In addition, it is an effective strategy for multiple-input and multiple-output systems that can reduce the size of multiple antennas systems by utilizing extra orthogonal polarization. The proposed dual- polarized antenna array is designed to achieve a stable gain of 15 ± 1 dBi with low cross- polarization less than -30 dB over a wide frequency range of 20 % at 30 GHz

Multi-Mode Dual-Polarized Cavity Backed Patch Antenna Array for 5G Mobile Devices

Abstract This paper proposes a dual‐polarised cavity backed patch antenna for next generation phased arrays for mobile handsets. The antenna exhibits multi‐band performance, allowing to cover the 5G bands n257 (26.5–29.5 GHz), n258 (24.25–27.5 GHz), n261 (27.5–28.35 GHz) and a portion of band n260 (37–40 GHz). Two orthogonal modes are excited in the substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity and show similar impedance matching and symmetric radiation patterns. A parasitic element is introduced on top of the cavity and shifted off‐centre to improve the port‐to‐port isolation and guide the main beam. A parametric study of the antenna dimensions is conducted to verify the multi‐resonance operating mechanism. The design is validated by the measurements of the fabricated four‐element array. The array scanning angle is from −35° to 38° for V‐pol and from −29° to 31° for H‐pol at 28 GHz, where the realised gain raises from 8 to 12 dBi

Design and Analysis of Substrate-Integrated Cavity-Backed Antenna Arrays for Ku-Band Applications

Mobile communication has become an essential part of our daily life. We love the flexibility of wireless cell phones and even accept their lower quality of service when compared to wired links. Similarly, we are looking forward to the day that we can continue watching our favorite TV programs while travelling anywhere and everywhere. Mobility, flexibility, and portability are the themes of the next generation communication. Motivated and fascinated by such technology breakthroughs, this effort is geared towards enhancing the quality of wireless services and bringing mobile satellite reception one step closer to the market. Meanwhile, phased array antennas are vital components for RADAR applications where the antenna is required to have certain scan capabilities. One of the main concerns in that perspective is how to avoid the potential of scan blindness in the required scan range. Targeting to achieve wide-band wide-scan angle phased arrays free from any scan blindness our efforts is also geared. Conventionally, the key to lower the profile of the antenna is to use planar structures. In that perspective microstrip patch antennas have drawn the attention of antenna engineers since the 1970s due to their attractive features of being low profile, compact size, light weight, and amenable to low-cost PCB fabrication processes. However, patch elements are basically resonating at a single frequency, typically have \u3c2% bandwidth, which is a major deficit that impedes their usage in relatively wide-band applications. There are various approaches to enhance the patch antennas bandwidth including suspended substrates, multi-stack patches, and metalized cavities backing these patches. Metalized cavity-backed patch structures have been demonstrated to give the best performance, however, they are very expensive to manufacture. In this dissertation, we develop an alternative low-cost bandwidth enhancement topology. The proposed topology is based on substrate-integrated waveguides. The great potential of the proposed structure lies in being amenable to the conventional PCB fabrication. Moreover, substrate-integrated cavity-backed structures facilitate the design of sophisticated arrays that are very expensive to develop using the conventional metalized cavity-backed topology, which includes the common broadside arrays used in fixed-beam applications and the scanned phased arrays used in RADAR applications