Effects of Next-Nearest-Neighbor Repulsion on One-Dimensional Quarter-Filled Electron Systems

We examine effects of the next-nearest-neighbor repulsion on electronic states of a one-dimensional interacting electron system which consists of quarter-filled band and interactions of on-site and nearest-neighbor repulsion. We derive the effective Hamiltonian for the electrons around wave number \pm \kf (\kf: Fermi wave number) and apply the renormalization group method to the bosonized Hamiltonian. It is shown that the next-nearest-neighbor repulsion makes 4\kf-charge ordering unstable and suppresses the spin fluctuation. Further the excitation gaps and spin susceptibility are also evaluated.Comment: 19 pages, 8 figures, submitted to J. Phys. Soc. Jp

The Critical Middle Years and the Relationship of Early Access to Algebra on High School Math Course Completion and College Readiness

Many students who enroll in higher education are unprepared to meet the challenges of postsecondary education. The probability that students will make a successful transition from high school to college is linked to the degree to which their secondary educational experiences have prepared them for the expectations and demands they will encounter in college. National findings provide continuing evidence that focusing on improving student achievement in mathematics will positively impact college readiness. The main problem addressed in this quantitative study was how educators can best prepare students for college readiness. Since college readiness is highly dependent upon math achievement in middle schools, postsecondary educators need additional research that explores how math curricula may ultimately impact the readiness of their college students. Therefore, seemingly benign decisions about placement of students in middle school math may ultimately impact greatly on their college readiness. In addition, the study focused on the implications of those placement decisions. Chi-square Automatic Interaction Detection (CHAID) was used to determine those variables that were most significantly associated with students\u27 math-related college readiness as evidenced by advanced mathematics coursework taken beyond Algebra I

Broad Reactivity Single Domain Antibodies against Influenza Virus and Their Applications to Vaccine Potency Testing and Immunotherapy

The antigenic variability of influenza presents many challenges to the development of vaccines and immunotherapeutics. However, it is apparent that there are epitopes on the virus that have evolved to remain largely constant due to their functional importance. These more conserved regions are often hidden and difficult to access by the human immune system but recent efforts have shown that these may be the Achilles heel of the virus through development and delivery of appropriate biological drugs. Amongst these, single domain antibodies (sdAbs) are equipped to target these vulnerabilities of the influenza virus due to their preference for concave epitopes on protein surfaces, their small size, flexible reformatting and high stability. Single domain antibodies are well placed to provide a new generation of robust analytical reagents and therapeutics to support the constant efforts to keep influenza in check

Cloverleaf Clusters: A Common Macrostructural Organization across Human Visual and Auditory Cortex

One of the fundamental properties of mammalian brains is that sensory regions of cortex are organized into multiple, functionally specialized cortical field maps (CFMs). An individual CFM is composed of two orthogonal topographical representations, reflecting two essential aspects of a sensory feature space. Each CFM is thought to subserve a specific computation or set of computations that underlie particular perceptual behaviors by enabling the comparison and combination of the information carried by the various specialized neuronal populations within this cortical region. Multiple adjacent CFMs, in turn, have now been shown by multiple laboratories to be organized in visual and auditory cortex into a macrostructural pattern called the cloverleaf cluster. CFMs within cloverleaf clusters tend to share properties such as receptive field distribution, cortical magnification, and processing specialization. This chapter will review the evidence for CFM and cloverleaf cluster organization across human visual and auditory cortex and will discuss the utility of these measurements for determining cortical structure and function and for investigating what changes occur in sensory cortex following various types of trauma or disease

Developing Universal Influenza Vaccines: Hitting the Nail, Not Just on the Head

Influenza viruses have a huge impact on public health. Current influenza vaccines need to be updated annually and protect poorly against antigenic drift variants or novel emerging subtypes. Vaccination against influenza can be improved in two important ways, either by inducing more broadly protective immune responses or by decreasing the time of vaccine production, which is relevant especially during a pandemic outbreak. In this review, we outline the current efforts to develop so-called “universal influenza vaccines”, describing antigens that may induce broadly protective immunity and novel vaccine production platforms that facilitate timely availability of vaccines

Synthesis and Characterization of New Ruthenium-Based Olefin Metathesis Catalysts Coordinated with Bidentate Schiff-Base Ligands

A novel series of Schiff-base-substituted ruthenium carbene complexes have been prepared by the treatment of RuCl_2(=CHPh)(PCy_3)_2 with a variety of Schiff-base ligands as the thallium salts. Modification of the Schiff-base electronic and/or structural substituents allowed for the tuning of the complexes activities in olefin metathesis reactions. The structures of the complexes were unambiguously characterized by NMR studies and X-ray analysis. These newly prepared complexes are highly stable to air, moisture, and temperature and even exhibit catalytic activity in polar protic solvents

22nd Maine Lesbians, Gaymen, Bisexual, & Transgendered\u27s Symposium Program

22nd Maine Lesbians, Gaymen, Bisexual, & Transgendered\u27s Symposium took place August 17-19, 1996at College of the Atlantichttps://digitalcommons.usm.maine.edu/lgms0011-series10/1015/thumbnail.jp