A New Approach to Analyzing Patterns of Collaboration in Co-authorship Networks - Mesoscopic Analysis and Interpretation

This paper focuses on methods to study patterns of collaboration in co-authorship networks at the mesoscopic level. We combine qualitative methods (participant interviews) with quantitative methods (network analysis) and demonstrate the application and value of our approach in a case study comparing three research fields in chemistry. A mesoscopic level of analysis means that in addition to the basic analytic unit of the individual researcher as node in a co-author network, we base our analysis on the observed modular structure of co-author networks. We interpret the clustering of authors into groups as bibliometric footprints of the basic collective units of knowledge production in a research specialty. We find two types of coauthor-linking patterns between author clusters that we interpret as representing two different forms of cooperative behavior, transfer-type connections due to career migrations or one-off services rendered, and stronger, dedicated inter-group collaboration. Hence the generic coauthor network of a research specialty can be understood as the overlay of two distinct types of cooperative networks between groups of authors publishing in a research specialty. We show how our analytic approach exposes field specific differences in the social organization of research.Comment: An earlier version of the paper was presented at ISSI 2009, 14-17 July, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Revised version accepted on 2 April 2010 for publication in Scientometrics. Removed part on node-role connectivity profile analysis after finding error in calculation and deciding to postpone analysis

Unsupervised learning for anomaly detection in Australian medical payment data

Fraudulent or wasteful medical insurance claims made by health care providers are costly for insurers. Typically, OECD healthcare organisations lose 3-8% of total expenditure due to fraud. As Australia’s universal public health insurer, Medicare Australia, spends approximately $A 34 billion per annum on the Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS) and Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme, wasted spending of$A1–2.7 billion could be expected.However, fewer than 1% of claims to Medicare Australia are detected as fraudulent, below international benchmarks. Variation is common in medicine, and health conditions, along with their presentation and treatment, are heterogenous by nature. Increasing volumes of data and rapidly changing patterns bring challenges which require novel solutions. Machine learning and data mining are becoming commonplace in this field, but no gold standard is yet available. In this project, requirements are developed for real-world application to compliance analytics at the Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care (DoH), covering: unsupervised learning; problem generalisation; human interpretability; context discovery; and cost prediction. Three novel methods are presented which rank providers by potentially recoverable costs. These methods used association analysis, topic modelling, and sequential pattern mining to provide interpretable, expert-editable models of typical provider claims. Anomalous providers are identified through comparison to the typical models, using metrics based on costs of excess or upgraded services. Domain knowledge is incorporated in a machine-friendly way in two of the methods through the use of the MBS as an ontology. Validation by subject-matter experts and comparison to existing techniques shows that the methods perform well. The methods are implemented in a software framework which enables rapid prototyping and quality assurance. The code is implemented at the DoH, and further applications as decision-support systems are in progress. The developed requirements will apply to future work in this fiel

O PAPEL DA ARTE NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DA PERSONALIDADE CRIATIVA DO FUTURO PROFESSOR

The article is devoted to the consideration of art in the system of development of the creative individuality of the future teacher. The relevance of the topic is due to the fact that when studying in the pedagogical direction, a student must acquire comprehensive knowledge, but not only profile knowledge, as a result of the introduction of art into the educational process will allow solving complex issues of the formation of the future teacher's personality. At the same time, having creative abilities, the teacher will be able to use them effectively in his work and spread interest in art and creativity among his pupils. The purpose of the research is to characterize art in the system of developing the creative individuality of the future teacher. The object of research is the pedagogical system of Ukraine. Such research methods as description, analysis and synthesis, comparison, generalization, and modelling were used in the scientific work. The article examines the peculiarities of art in the system of development of the creative individuality of the future teacher. The place of art in the aspect of the development of creative individuality is defined. Obstacles on the way to the introduction of art into the system of development of the creative individuality of the future teacher are characterized. The positive aspects of the introduction into the system of development of creative individuality of art have been identified. Such principles of the introduction of art in the training of the future teacher, which contribute to the development of creative individuality, as the introduction of a complex of education, science, and art, have revealed; a combination of cultural, creative, systemic approaches; individualization of the creative personality; sociocultural identification; ethnocultural affiliation. A model of the introduction of art in the system of development of the creative individuality of the future teacher has been developed. The place of art in the development of the creative personality of the future teacher has been determined.O artigo é dedicado à consideração da arte no sistema de desenvolvimento da individualidade criativa do futuro professor. A relevância do tópico se deve ao fato de que, ao estudar na direção pedagógica, o aluno deve adquirir conhecimento abrangente, mas não apenas conhecimento de perfil, pois a introdução da arte no processo educacional permitirá resolver questões complexas da formação da personalidade do futuro professor. Ao mesmo tempo, tendo habilidades criativas, o professor poderá usá-las de forma eficaz em seu trabalho e disseminar o interesse pela arte e pela criatividade entre seus alunos. O objetivo da pesquisa é caracterizar a arte no sistema de desenvolvimento da individualidade criativa do futuro professor. O objeto de pesquisa é o sistema pedagógico da Ucrânia. Métodos de pesquisa como descrição, análise e síntese, comparação, generalização e modelagem foram usados no trabalho científico. O artigo examina as peculiaridades da arte no sistema de desenvolvimento da individualidade criativa do futuro professor. O lugar da arte no aspecto do desenvolvimento da individualidade criativa é definido. Os obstáculos no caminho para a introdução da arte no sistema de desenvolvimento da individualidade criativa do futuro professor são caracterizados. Foram identificados os aspectos positivos da introdução da arte no sistema de desenvolvimento da individualidade criativa. Tais princípios da introdução da arte no treinamento do futuro professor, que contribuem para o desenvolvimento da individualidade criativa, como a introdução de um complexo de educação, ciência e arte, foram revelados; uma combinação de abordagens culturais, criativas e sistêmicas; individualização da personalidade criativa; identificação sociocultural; afiliação etnocultural. Foi desenvolvido um modelo de introdução da arte no sistema de desenvolvimento da individualidade criativa do futuro professor. Foi determinado o lugar da arte no desenvolvimento da personalidade criativa do futuro professor

Explaining international co-authorship in global environmental change research

This paper maps the domain of earth and environmental sciences (EES) and investigates the relationship between cognitive problem structures and internationalisation patterns, drawing on the concepts of systemic versus cumulative global environmental change (GEC) and mutual task dependence in scientific fields. We find that scientific output concentration and internationalisation are significantly higher in the systemic GEC fields of Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences and Oceanography than in the cumulative GEC fields Ecology and Water Resources. The relationship is explained by stronger mutual task dependence in systemic GEC fields. In contrast, the portion of authorships with developing, emerging and transition countries among all international publications is larger for Water Resources than for three other fields, consistent with the most pressing needs for STI capacity development in these countries. --

Supply and demand in the labor market: personnel development, organizational-behavioral aspect, forecasting

The book is prepared by a team of authors within the framework of the international TEMPUS Project «ICo-op». The book is dedicated to the study of the features of tools to focused demand and supply in the labor market. The authors summarized Ukrainian and foreign experience of studying processes related with the peculiarities of research leadership and entrepreneurship in the context of human capital. Particular attention is paid to the development of professional competence of future engineers and productivity already operating engineers and technical staff. The problems of development of methods and models of personal development, forecasting labor market needs based on professional competency profiles are considered. For students, researchers and teachers of universities and for enterprise managers, entrepreneurs-innovators

Political Cycles : The Opposition Advantage

We propose a two dimensional infinite horizon model of public consumption in which investments are decided by a winner-take-all election. Investments in the two public goods create a linkage across periods and parties have different specialities. We show that the incumbent party vote share decreases the longer it stays in power. Parties chances of winning do not converge and, when the median voter is moderate enough, no party can maintain itself in power for ever. Finally, the more parties are specialized and the more public policies have long-term effects, the more political cycles are likely to occur.Cycles, Alternation, Public goods, Advantage, Opposition

Design and Evaluation of Domain-Specific Platforms and the Special Case of Digital Healthcare

The implementation of digital innovations in the healthcare sector is faced with different barriers and challenges. The complex system of regulations, the lack of interoperability, and highly dynamic interorganisational networks lead to missing widespread adoption of eHealth solutions. Digital platforms can help to overcome these barriers by providing a holistic infrastructure. They create a modularised foundation that innovators can use to create own innovations and provide them to demanders of digital solutions. As intermediaries, they can be accessed both by healthcare professionals and eHealth solution providers. Providers can offer their eHealth services via the platform. Healthcare professionals can use these services to create own interorganisational information systems. In the field of information systems research, effects and strategies for two-sided platforms are well researched and the potentials of eHealth platforms are also discussed. However, the organisational and technological design and methods for the construction of platforms are fewer questioned. Nonetheless, platform owners can benefit from implementation strategies and architectural guidance to create sustainable platforms and surrounding ecosystems. This doctoral thesis questions how domain-specific platforms can be designed systematically. Conducting a design-science research process, it develops both a modelling system and the Dresden Ecosystem Management Method (DREEM) to support the development of platforms in different domains. Furthermore, it describes the design characteristics of two-sided platforms in the healthcare sector and provides an evaluation approach to analyse the platforms’ ability to create a viable innovation ecosystem in the healthcare sector. The doctoral thesis contributes by providing methodical guidance for platform owners and researchers to design and evaluate digital platforms in different domains and improves the understanding of platform theory in the healthcare sector.:A. Synopsis of the Doctoral Thesis 1. Introduction 2. Foundational Considerations 3. Requirements for Design Artefacts and Knowledge 4. Structure of the Doctoral Thesis 5. Conclusion B. Paper 1 - Governance Guidelines for Digital Healthcare Ecosystems C. Paper 2 - Revise your eHealth Platform! D. Paper 3 - Business Model Open ”E-Health-Platform” E. Paper 4 - Modelling Ecosystems in Information Systems F. Paper 5 - Designing Industrial Symbiosis Platforms G. Paper 6 - Management of Digital Ecosystems with DREEM H. Paper 7 - Guiding the Development of Digital Ecosystems I. Paper 8 - Towards Maintenance Analytics Ecosystems J. Paper 9- Sustainability of E-Health-Projects K. Paper 10 - ISO 11354-2 for the Evaluation of eHealth-Platform

Innovations spread more like wildfires than like infections

Conventional theory says that innovations first diffuse slowly, then at faster paces, and finally at asymptotically declining rates. Economists and others explain such behavior with a variety of logistic models. Early models like the contagion model derive their predictive power from reliance on the history of the variables they are trying to predict. New social learning models improve the dynamics of diffusion across heterogeneous populations, while other studies propose various modifications. However, these extensions of the logistic and related models are still too orderly in structure and outcome. In reality one can expect both order from disorder and disorder from order. The argument of this paper is that innovations spread more like wild fire than like systematic epidemics. This analogy is no mere conjecture; some environments are more susceptible to catching fire than others. Just as the rate of the spread of fire is a function of fuel and other factors, so too is the spread of innovations, only that in the latter case the fuel is human population. Human population in general is a necessary fodder for the spread of innovations. The sufficient condition is the quality of the population which can favor or disfavor the spread of innovations, which explains why there are some random chances of finding islands untouched by fire surrounded by a sea of fire devastation.Innovation spread; logistic model; derivative Gompertz; diffusion of innovations