The design of green supply chains under carbon policies: A literature review of quantitative models

Carbon footprinting of products and services is getting increasing attention due to the growing emphasis on carbon related policies in many countries. As a result, many enterprises are focusing on the design of green supply chains (GSCs) with research on supply chains (SCs) focused not only on cost efficiency, but also on its environmental consequences. The review presented in this paper focuses on the implications of carbon policies on SCs. The concept of content analysis is used to retrieve and analyze the information regarding drivers (carbon policies), actors (for example, manufacturers and retailers), methodologies (mathematical modeling techniques), decision-making contexts (such as, facility location and order quantity), and emission reduction opportunities. The review shows a lack of emissions analysis of SCs that face carbon policies in different countries. The research also focuses on the design of carbon policies for emissions reduction in different operating situations. Some possible research directions are also discussed at the end of this review.A NPRP award NPRP No.5-1284-5-198 from the Qatar National Research Fund (a member of The Qatar Foundation).Scopu

Closed loop supply chains with variable remanufacturability and the impact of subsidy and penalty by government

In this thesis we model and analyze a series of closed loop supply chains to study the relationships among remanufacturability and profitability of each member of the supply chain. We also study the relationships among remanufacturability, government subsidy, and government penalty. In each model, we assume that the closed loop supply chain consists of a manufacturer who manufactures as well as collects used products and remanufactures and a retailer who in turn sells the products to her consumers. Also, we assume that the level of remanufacturability is a variable that is controllable via the level of investment of remanufacturing technology and equipment. Furthermore, in the case of government subsidy and penalty, we assume that the government provides a level of subsidy per remanufactured product and finances the subsidy by collecting an advance recovery fee per unit sold from the retailer. Throughout this thesis, we also assume that the manufacturer behaves as the leader and the retailer as the follower under a Stackelberg game framework and the model environment is captured in a static framework regarding manufacturing and remanufacturing. Numerous managerial insights and economic implications are obtained. For example, the manufacturer\u27s profit may actually decrease with respect to the collection rate if the collection rate is low in the case of no government intervention in the form of the subsidy and penalty. Also, the government may be able to increase the total surplus consisting of all the profits of the supply chains and the consumer surplus by determining the appropriate level of the fee unit remanufactured subsidy and the fee unit sold advance recovery fee

Collaborative mechanism on profit allotment and public health for a sustainable supply chain

This paper explores the collaborative mechanism that motivates supply chain firms to collectively invest in environmental technology and produce environmental friendly products (EFPs) to reduce pollutant emissions and negative impacts on environment and public health. Our paper investigates how such firms can achieve the balance between economic feasibility and environmental and social sustainability under multiple sustainable constraints in terms of the triple bottom line dimensions. The work also describes the impacts of interrelated multiple sustainable constraints on optimal policy for the supply chain transfer price and profit allotment decisions. Our findings suggest that government intervention plays a dominant role in governing the supply chain firms’ behaviors in the context of environmental and public health sustainability. The profit allotment is determined through the process of negotiation of the transfer price interrelated with the government subsidy sharing between the supply chain firms

イランにおける持続可能な社会に向けた移行計画のための水・再生可能エネルギーネクサスの研究

京都大学新制・課程博士博士(エネルギー科学)甲第23293号エネ博第418号新制||エネ||79(附属図書館)京都大学大学院エネルギー科学研究科エネルギー社会・環境科学専攻(主査)教授 手塚 哲央, 准教授 MCLELLAN Benjamin, 教授 山敷 庸亮学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of Energy ScienceKyoto UniversityDFA

The future of small farms for poverty reduction and growth:

"The people operating small farms in developing countries have to cope with the risks of these small businesses and have long faced heavy challenges. Today, these challenges are particularly severe, and the aspirations of young people on small farms have changed. Globalization and the integration of international markets are stimulating intense competition, offering some opportunities but also new risks. In light of these pressures and others, many of the world's millions of small farmers are simply not making it. Indeed, half of the world's undernourished people, three-quarters of Africa's malnourished children, and the majority of people living in absolute poverty live on small farms. The transformation of the small-farm economy is one of the biggest economic challenges of our time. For some, it entails growth into specialized, market-oriented farms; for others, part-time farming combined with off-farm rural jobs; and for others, a move out of agriculture. The pathways of transformation differ by region and location and will take decades. Policy must take a long-run view to support and guide this process efficiently, effectively, and in social fairness. The role of women farmers and their livelihoods requires particular attention. In this paper, Peter Hazell, Colin Poulton, Steve Wiggins, and Andrew Dorward address several crucial questions. Do small farms in fact have a future? In what situations can small farms succeed? What strategies are most appropriate for helping to raise small-farm productivity? The authors review both sides of the debate over the future of small farms before coming to their conclusions. Coming down firmly on the side of policy support for small farms, they point to small farms' significant potential for reducing poverty and inequity. They also clarify the differing roles of and needs for small farms in different country contexts and spell out a policy agenda for promoting small-farm development. This discussion paper is based on a literature review and the deliberations of an international workshop, “The Future of Small Farms,” organized by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) 2020 Vision Initiative, the Overseas Development Institute (ODI), and Imperial College London in Wye, England, from June 26 to 29, 2005. (A proceedings volume for this workshop is available from IFPRI, www.ifpri.org/events/seminars/2005/smallfarms/sfproc.asp.) We hope that this discussion paper will help stimulate renewed attention among many stakeholders— including policymakers, researchers, the private sector, and nongovernmental organizations—to small-scale agricultural development. Healthy and productive small farms could serve as a crucial mechanism for achieving the poverty and hunger Millennium Development Goals. " From Foreword by Joachim von BraunPro-poor growth, Agriculture, Economic development, small farms, Poverty reduction, Sustainable livelihoods, Non-farm development, Rural-urban linkages, small farms,

Energy management in 21st century: an inquiry into the mounting corporate hegemony over basic human necessities and the role of civil society as a countervailing force.

In 21st century, as energy and food supplies are increasingly becoming dependent on each other, any strategy to manage these two basic human needs should be formulated collectively –not in isolation. The ‘green revolution’ of 1950s paved the way for ascertaining corporate control on food and water. Through the enactment and subsequent ratification of Kyoto Protocol, the corporate hegemony on air and energy has been established firmly. During last hundred and fifty odd years, a symbiotic relationship between the state and large corporations was developed. The transnational corporations are trying to break away from such dependence on state and emerge as the dominant force to control and manage the global market. This study tries to explain the consequences of this changing relation between the ‘state’ and ‘corporations’ on the food and energy needs of the citizens. It also analyses various issues pertaining to the energy supplies during the next few decades of the 21st century. The paper concludes that in future, the civil society organizations (CSOs) will play an important role in steering the course of society especially in the allocation and distribution of basic human necessities like food and energy.Electricity retailing; food retailing, renewable energy; decentralized generation; civil society; multilateral organization; small and micro enterprise (sme), SMEs

Don’t Forget Your Supplier When Remanufacturing

A popular assumption in the current literature on remanufacturing is that the whole new product is produced by an integrated manufacturer, which is inconsistent with most industries. In this paper, we model a decentralised closed-loop supply chain consisting of a key component supplier and a non-integrated manufacturer, and demonstrate that the interaction between these players significantly impacts the economic and environmental implications of remanufacturing. In our model, the non-integrated manufacturer can purchase new components from the supplier to produce new products, and remanufacture used components to produce remanufactured products. Thus, the non-integrated manufacturer is not only a buyer but also a rival to the supplier. In a steady state period, we analyse the performances of an integrated manufacturer and the decentralised supply chain. We find that, although the integrated manufacturer always benefits from remanufacturing, the remanufacturing opportunity may constitute a lose-lose situation to the supplier and the non-integrated manufacturer, making their profits be lower than in an identical supply chain without remanufacturing. In addition, the non-integrated manufacturer may be worse off with a lower remanufacturing cost or a larger return rate of used products due to the interaction with the supplier. We further demonstrate that the government-subsidised remanufacturing in the non-integrated (integrated) manufacturer is detrimental (beneficial) to the environment