Content Differences in Syntactic and Semantic Representations

Syntactic analysis plays an important role in semantic parsing, but the nature of this role remains a topic of ongoing debate. The debate has been constrained by the scarcity of empirical comparative studies between syntactic and semantic schemes, which hinders the development of parsing methods informed by the details of target schemes and constructions. We target this gap, and take Universal Dependencies (UD) and UCCA as a test case. After abstracting away from differences of convention or formalism, we find that most content divergences can be ascribed to: (1) UCCA's distinction between a Scene and a non-Scene; (2) UCCA's distinction between primary relations, secondary ones and participants; (3) different treatment of multi-word expressions, and (4) different treatment of inter-clause linkage. We further discuss the long tail of cases where the two schemes take markedly different approaches. Finally, we show that the proposed comparison methodology can be used for fine-grained evaluation of UCCA parsing, highlighting both challenges and potential sources for improvement. The substantial differences between the schemes suggest that semantic parsers are likely to benefit downstream text understanding applications beyond their syntactic counterparts.Comment: NAACL-HLT 2019 camera read

Word searches: on the use of verbal and non-verbal resources during classroom talk

Word finding difficulties in children are typically characterised by search behaviours such as silence, circumlocution, repetition and empty words. Yet, how children’s word searches are constructed (including gesture, gaze and prosody) and the actions accomplished during interaction have not yet been researched. In this study, eightyear- old Ciara is interacting with her teacher in the classroom. 37 segments containing word searches were analysed according to the procedures used by conversation analysts. Ciara’s interactional resources include co-ordinated deployment of syntax, pitch height and downward gaze during solitary searching that assist the enterprise of self-repair. Gaze shift towards the teacher signals a transition relevance place, thus constituting a direct invitation for her to participate in the search. Ciara’s interactional resources include semantic category labelling, phonological self-cuing and pronominal substitution that supply valuable linguistic information to the teacher and trigger production of the searched-for item. Recommendations for language teaching and therapy are presented

Developing web application and hybrid application; How developing for different platforms differentiated and how users experienced these

The mobile application development process is evolving rapidly, and new frameworks are created every month. When choosing how to develop mobile application, there are three main development platforms: web application, native application, and hybrid application. These all have their positives and negatives, and they all have their own strengths when chosen for right kind of project. Previous research has been conducted but they have mixed results when comparing. Thus, this research was made to investigate more closely how the development process for web application and hybrid application differentiated and how the end product applications differentiated, when analysing the experiences of the users. Two applications were developed during this research: React.js application for web development and React Native for hybrid development. To analyse users experience, web and hybrid versions of the same application was given to the participants. First the participants were asked to test the main functionalities of the application, and after testing answering the survey. The survey tried to ask how positive or negative some of the features of the applications were. In conclusion, the study shows that the hybrid application version was superior. In the survey hybrid application had slightly more positive answers and was clearly faster version of the two. The development process for the web application was easier and had better options for choosing the best suitable tools and libraries.Mobiilisovellusten ohjelmointi prosessit kehittyvät nopeasti, ja uusia ohjelmointityökaluja julkaistaan joka kuukausi. Mobiilisovelluksen kehittämistä valittaessa on kolme pääkehitysalustaa: verkko-, natiivi- ja hybridisovellus. Näillä kaikilla on positiiviset ja negatiiviset puolensa, sekä omat vahvuutensa, kun ne valitaan oikeanlaiseen projektiin. Aikaisempia tutkimuksia on tehty, mutta näiden tulokset ovat ristiriitaisia. Näin ollen tämä tutkimus tehtiin tarkentamaan, miten verkko- ja hybridisovelluksen kehitysprosessi eroavat ja miten lopputuotteet erottuivat käyttäjien kokemuksia analysoitaessa. Tämän tutkimuksen aikana kehitettiin kaksi sovellusta: React.js - sovellus verkkokehitykseen ja React Native hybridikehitykseen. Käyttäjäkokemuksen analysoimiseksi osallistujille annettiin samasta sovelluksesta verkko- ja hybridiversiot. Ensin osallistujia pyydettiin testaamaan sovelluksen päätoimintoja ja testauksen jälkeen vastaamaan kyselyyn. Kyselyn tavoite oli mitata, kuinka positiivisia tai negatiivisia jotkin sovellusten ominaisuudet olivat. Tutkimus osoitti, että hybridisovellusversio oli parempi kuin verkkosovellusversio. Kyselyssä hybridisovellus sai hieman enemmän myönteisiä vastauksia ja oli selvästi nopeampi versio näistä kahdesta. Verkkosovelluksen kehitysprosessi oli helpompaa ja siinä oli paremmat mahdollisuudet valita sopivimmat työkalut ja kirjastot

Forensic Interviews of Children: The Components of Scientific Validity and Legal Admissibility

The problems associated with assessments of children\u27s reports of victimization in criminal proceedings came to national attention during the 1980s and 1990s in a series of highly publicized trials of daycare staff. Walker describes information that professionals need to know if they are to conduct valid interview of children in forensic contexts

Graphene: Semantically-Linked Propositions in Open Information Extraction

We present an Open Information Extraction (IE) approach that uses a two-layered transformation stage consisting of a clausal disembedding layer and a phrasal disembedding layer, together with rhetorical relation identification. In that way, we convert sentences that present a complex linguistic structure into simplified, syntactically sound sentences, from which we can extract propositions that are represented in a two-layered hierarchy in the form of core relational tuples and accompanying contextual information which are semantically linked via rhetorical relations. In a comparative evaluation, we demonstrate that our reference implementation Graphene outperforms state-of-the-art Open IE systems in the construction of correct n-ary predicate-argument structures. Moreover, we show that existing Open IE approaches can benefit from the transformation process of our framework.Comment: 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING 2018

The process of building an admin dashboard user interface

MariaDB Corporation Ab is a global software vendor that develops and contributes to the well-known open source MySQL database which was forked and managed by the MariaDB Foundation. The company is specializing in developing solutions arounds MariaDB server. MaxScale, a database proxy open source project which is one of the core components of MariaDB Platform helping to extend the availability, scalability and security of MariaDB Server. MaxScale provides a command line administrative client tool called maxctrl that internally uses REST API to configure MaxScale at runtime. This thesis is established due to the need of developing an alternative solution to maxctrl which is a web browser application that operates as an admin dashboard user interface. The application should allow to configure MaxScale in a visually appealing, intuitive and user-friendly way. It will be built by using Vue.js framework along with its support plugins and libraries such as Vue Router, Vuex, Vuetify and so on. Though this is a graphical user interface product-oriented thesis, it will not include all development processes in terms of user interface such as prototype designs, user experience designs and user story due to confidential information of the company. Therefore, the primary objectives of this thesis can be divided into three categories comprise of setting up developer’s working environment, improving MaxScale REST API for using in web application in terms of MaxScale user authentication, implementing the authentication user interface page

Automated Generation of User Guidance by Combining Computation and Deduction

Herewith, a fairly old concept is published for the first time and named "Lucas Interpretation". This has been implemented in a prototype, which has been proved useful in educational practice and has gained academic relevance with an emerging generation of educational mathematics assistants (EMA) based on Computer Theorem Proving (CTP). Automated Theorem Proving (ATP), i.e. deduction, is the most reliable technology used to check user input. However ATP is inherently weak in automatically generating solutions for arbitrary problems in applied mathematics. This weakness is crucial for EMAs: when ATP checks user input as incorrect and the learner gets stuck then the system should be able to suggest possible next steps. The key idea of Lucas Interpretation is to compute the steps of a calculation following a program written in a novel CTP-based programming language, i.e. computation provides the next steps. User guidance is generated by combining deduction and computation: the latter is performed by a specific language interpreter, which works like a debugger and hands over control to the learner at breakpoints, i.e. tactics generating the steps of calculation. The interpreter also builds up logical contexts providing ATP with the data required for checking user input, thus combining computation and deduction. The paper describes the concepts underlying Lucas Interpretation so that open questions can adequately be addressed, and prerequisites for further work are provided.Comment: In Proceedings THedu'11, arXiv:1202.453