8,383 research outputs found
"Needless to Say My Proposal Was Turned Down": The Early Days of Commercial Citation Indexing, an "Error-making" Activity and Its Repercussions Till Today
In todayâs neoliberal audit cultures university rankings, quantitative evaluation of publications by JIF or researchers by h-index are believed to be indispensable instruments for âquality assuranceâ in the sciences. Yet there is increasing resistance against âimpactitisâ and âevaluitisâ. Usually overseen: Trivial errors in Thomson Reutersâ citation indexes produce severe non-trivial effects: Their victims are authors, institutions, journals with names beyond the ASCII-code and scholars of humanities and social sciences. Analysing the âJoshua Lederberg Papersâ I want to illuminate eventually successful âinventionâ of science citation indexing is a product of contingent factors. To overcome severe resistance Eugene Garfield, the âfatherâ of citation indexing, had to foster overoptimistic attitudes and to downplay the severe problems connected to global and multidisciplinary citation indexing. The difficulties to handle different formats of references and footnotes, non-Anglo-American names, and of publications in non-English languages were known to the pioneers of citation indexing. Nowadays the huge for-profit North-American media corporation Thomson Reuters is the owner of the citation databases founded by Garfield. Thomson Reutersâ influence on funding decisions, individual careers, departments, universities, disciplines and countries is immense and ambivalent. Huge technological systems show a heavy inertness. This insight of technology studies is applicable to the large citation indexes by Thomson Reuters, too
"Needless to Say My Proposal Was Turned Down": The Early Days of Commercial Citation Indexing, an "Error-making" (Popper) Activity and Its Repercussions Till Today
In todayâs neoliberal audit cultures university rankings, quantitative evaluation of publications by JIF (Journal Impact Factor) or researchers by h-index (Hirsch-Index) are believed to be indispensable instruments for âquality assuranceâ in the sciences. Yet there is increasing resistance against âimpactitisâ and âevaluitisâ. Usually overseen: Trivial errors in Thomson Reutersâ citation indexes (SCI, SSCI, AHCI) produce severe non-trivial effects: Their victims are authors, institutions, journals with names beyond the ASCII-code and scholars of humanities and social sciences. Analysing the âJoshua Lederberg Papersâ (provided by the National Library of Medicine) I want to illuminate eventually successful âinventionâ of science citation indexing (more precisely: its transfer from the juridical field to the field of science) is a product of contingent factors. To overcome severe resistance Eugene Garfield, the âfatherâ of citation indexing, had to foster overoptimistic attitudes and to downplay the severe problems connected to global and multidisciplinary citation indexing. The difficulties to handle different formats of references and footnotes, non-Anglo-American names, and of publications in non-English languages were known to the pioneers of citation indexing. Nowadays the huge for-profit North-American media corporation Thomson Reuters is the owner of the citation databases founded by Garfield. Thomson Reutersâ influence on funding decisions, individual careers, departments, universities, disciplines and countries is immense and ambivalent. Huge technological systems show a heavy inertness. This insight of technology studies is applicable to the large citation indexes by Thomson Reuters, too
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Non-native contrasts in Tongan loans
We present three case studies of marginal contrasts in Tongan loans from English, working with data from three speakers. Although Tongan lacks contrasts in stress or in CC vs. CVC sequences, secondary stress in loans is contrastive, and is sensitive to whether a vowel has a correspondent in the English source word; vowel deletion is also sensitive to whether a vowel is epenthetic as compared to the English source; and final vowel length is sensitive to whether the penultimate vowel is epenthetic, and if not, whether it corresponds to a stressed or unstressed vowel in the English source. We provide an analysis in the multilevel model of Boersma (1998) and Boersma & Hamann (2009), and show that the loan patterns can be captured using only constraints that plausibly are needed for native-word phonology, including constraints that reflect perceptual strategies
Marginal Release Under Local Differential Privacy
Many analysis and machine learning tasks require the availability of marginal
statistics on multidimensional datasets while providing strong privacy
guarantees for the data subjects. Applications for these statistics range from
finding correlations in the data to fitting sophisticated prediction models. In
this paper, we provide a set of algorithms for materializing marginal
statistics under the strong model of local differential privacy. We prove the
first tight theoretical bounds on the accuracy of marginals compiled under each
approach, perform empirical evaluation to confirm these bounds, and evaluate
them for tasks such as modeling and correlation testing. Our results show that
releasing information based on (local) Fourier transformations of the input is
preferable to alternatives based directly on (local) marginals
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