Unfolding-based Diagnosis of Systems with an Evolving Topology

We propose a framework for model-based diagnosis of systems with mobility and variable topologies, modelled as graph transformation systems. Generally speaking, model-based diagnosis is aimed at constructing explanations of observed faulty behaviours on the basis of a given model of the system. Since the number of possible explanations may be huge, we exploit the unfolding as a compact data structure to store them, along the lines of previous work dealing with Petri net models. Given a model of a system and an observation, the explanations can be constructed by unfolding the model constrained by the observation, and then removing incomplete explanations in a pruning phase. The theory is formalised in a general categorical setting: constraining the system by the observation corresponds to taking a product in the chosen category of graph grammars, so that the correctness of the procedure can be proved by using the fact that the unfolding is a right adjoint and thus it preserves products. The theory should hence be easily applicable to a wide class of system models, including graph grammars and Petri nets

Raisonnement sur les modèles : détection et isolation d'anomalies dans les systèmes de diagnostic

Dans le cadre du diagnostic à base de Modèle, un ensemble de règles d'inférence est typiquement exploité pour calculer des diagnostics, ceci en utilisant une théorie scientifique et mathématique sur le système à diagnostiquer, ainsi qu'un ensemble d'observations. Contrairement aux hypothèses classiques, les Modèles sont souvent anormaux vis-à-vis d'un ensemble de propriétés requises. Naturellement, cela affecte la qualité des diagnostics [à Airbus]. Une théorie sur la réalité, l'information et la cognition est créé pour redéfinir, dans une perspective basée sur la théorie des modèles, le cadre classique de diagnostic à base de Modèle. Ceci rend possible la formalisation des anomalies et de leur relation avec des propriétés des diagnostics. Avec ce travail et avec l'idée qu'un système de diagnostic implémenté peut être vu comme un objet à diagnostiquer, une théorie de méta-diagnostic est développée, permettant la détection et isolation d'anomalies dans les Modèles des systèmes de diagnostic. Cette théorie est mise en pratique à travers d'un outil, MEDITO; et est testée avec succès à travers un ensemble de problèmes industriels, à Airbus. Comme des différents systèmes de diagnostic Airbus, souffrant d'anomalies variées, peuvent calculer des diagnostics différents, un ensemble de méthodes et outils et développé pour: 1) déterminer la cohérence entre diagnostics et 2) valider et comparer la performance de ces systèmes de diagnostic. Ce travail dépend d'un pont original entre le cadre de diagnostic Airbus et son équivalent académique. Finalement, la théorie de méta-diagnostic est généralisée pour prendre en compte des méta-systèmes autres que des systèmes de diagnostic implémentés.In Model-Based Diagnosis, a set of inference rules is typically used to compute diagnoses using a scientific and mathematical theory about a system under study and some observations. Contrary to the classical hypothesis, it is often the case that these Models are abnormal with respect to a series of required properties, hence affecting the quality of the computed diagnoses with possibly huge economical consequences, in particular at Airbus. A thesis on reality and cognition is firstly used to redefine the classic framework of model-based diagnosis from a formal model-theoretic perspective. This, in turn, enables the formalisation of abnormalities and of their relation with the properties diagnoses. With such material and the idea that an implemented diagnostic system can be seen a real-world artefact to be diagnosed, a theory of meta-diagnosis is developed, enabling the detection and isolation of abnormalities in Models of diagnostic systems and explanation in general. Such theory is then encoded in a tool, called MEDITO, and successfuly tested against Airbus real-world industrial problems. Moreover, as different heterogeneous implemented Airbus diagnostic systems, suffering from distinct abnormalities, may compute different diagnoses, methods and tools are developed for: 1) checking the consistency between subsystem-level diagnoses and 2) validating and comparing the performance of these diagnostic systems. Such work relies on an original bridge between the Airbus framework of diagnosis and its academic counterpart. Finally, meta-diagnosis is generalised to handle meta-systems other than implemented diagnostic systems

CBR and MBR techniques: review for an application in the emergencies domain

The purpose of this document is to provide an in-depth analysis of current reasoning engine practice and the integration strategies of Case Based Reasoning and Model Based Reasoning that will be used in the design and development of the RIMSAT system. RIMSAT (Remote Intelligent Management Support and Training) is a European Commission funded project designed to: a.. Provide an innovative, 'intelligent', knowledge based solution aimed at improving the quality of critical decisions b.. Enhance the competencies and responsiveness of individuals and organisations involved in highly complex, safety critical incidents - irrespective of their location. In other words, RIMSAT aims to design and implement a decision support system that using Case Base Reasoning as well as Model Base Reasoning technology is applied in the management of emergency situations. This document is part of a deliverable for RIMSAT project, and although it has been done in close contact with the requirements of the project, it provides an overview wide enough for providing a state of the art in integration strategies between CBR and MBR technologies.Postprint (published version

Rules and principles in cognitive diagnoses

Cognitive simulation is concerned with constructing process models of human cognitive behavior. Our work on the ACM system (Automated Cognitive Modeler) is an attempt to automate this process. The basic assumption is that all goal-oriented cognitive behavior involves search through some problem space. Within this framework, the task of cognitive diagnosis is to identify the problem space in which the subject is operating, identify solution paths used by the subject, and find conditions on the operators that explain those solution paths and that predict the subject's behavior on new problems. The work presented in this paper uses techniques from machine learning to automate the tasks of finding solution paths and operator conditions. We apply this method to the domain of multi-column subtraction and present results that demonstrate ACM's ability to model incorrect subtraction strategies. Finally, we discuss the difference between procedural bugs and misconceptions, proposing that errors due to misconceptions can be viewed as violations of principles for the task domain