Advances in Batteries, Battery Modeling, Battery Management System, Battery Thermal Management, SOC, SOH, and Charge/Discharge Characteristics in EV Applications

The second-generation hybrid and Electric Vehicles are currently leading the paradigm shift in the automobile industry, replacing conventional diesel and gasoline-powered vehicles. The Battery Management System is crucial in these electric vehicles and also essential for renewable energy storage systems. This review paper focuses on batteries and addresses concerns, difficulties, and solutions associated with them. It explores key technologies of Battery Management System, including battery modeling, state estimation, and battery charging. A thorough analysis of numerous battery models, including electric, thermal, and electro-thermal models, is provided in the article. Additionally, it surveys battery state estimations for a charge and health. Furthermore, the different battery charging approaches and optimization methods are discussed. The Battery Management System performs a wide range of tasks, including as monitoring voltage and current, estimating charge and discharge, equalizing and protecting the battery, managing temperature conditions, and managing battery data. It also looks at various cell balancing circuit types, current and voltage stressors, control reliability, power loss, efficiency, as well as their advantages and disadvantages. The paper also discusses research gaps in battery management systems.publishedVersio

Development of a smart weed detector and selective herbicide sprayer

Abstract: The fourth industrial revolution has brought about tremendous advancements in various sectors of the economy including the agricultural domain. Aimed at improving food production and alleviating poverty, these technological advancements through precision agriculture has ushered in optimized agricultural processes, real-time analysis and monitoring of agricultural data. The detrimental effects of applying agrochemicals in large or hard-to-reach farmlands and the need to treat a specific class of weed with a particular herbicide for effective weed elimination gave rise to the necessity of this research work...M.Ing. (Mechanical Engineering

A system for aiding the user assimilation of acquired motorsport data

A racing car is a complex machine, featuring many adjustable components, used to influence the car's performance and tune it to a circuit, the prevailing conditions and the driver's style. A race team must continually monitor the car's performance and a race engineer communicates with the driver to decide how best to optimise the car as well as how to extract most from the driver himself. Analysis of acquired vehicle performance data is an intrinsic part of this process. This thesis presents an investigation into methods to aid the motorsport user's assimilation of acquired vehicle performance data. The work was directly prompted by personal experience and published opinion. These both find that the full potential of acquired data in motorsport is seldom realised, primarily because of the time available to analyse data with the resources available to a racing team. A complete solution including data management methods and visualisation tools was conceived here as a means of addressing these issues. This work focuses on part of the overall solution concept; the development of a visualisation application giving the user a detailed and realistic three-dimensional replay of a data set. The vehicle s motion is recreated from acquired data through a kinematic vehicle model driven by measured damper and ride height data. Ground displacement is computed from wheel speed and accelerometer measurements as well as a new optical sensor approach aiming to achieve better accuracy. This implements a two dimensional auto-correlation of doubly exposed ground images, calibrated to distance on the basis of an integrated ride height measurement. Three sensor units are used to allow not only displacement but also heading data to be derived. The result of the work described in this thesis is the proof of principle of both a display and sensor system, both of which were deemed worthy of further study and development to fully meet the demands of the motorsport application. The visualisation tool presented a new and applicable method of viewing acquired data, whilst the sensor was proven as a new method of deriving vehicle position data, from potentially low cost hardware.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

NASA Tech Briefs, December 1991

Topics include: Electronic Components and Circuits. Electronic Systems, Physical Sciences, Materials, Computer Programs, Mechanics, Machinery, Fabrication Technology, Mathematics and Information Sciences

NASA Tech Briefs, February 1991

Topics: New Product Ideas; NASA TU Services; Electronic Components and Circuits; Electronic Systems; Physical Sciences; Materials; Computer Programs; Mechanics; Machinery; Fabrication Technology; Mathematics and Information Sciences; Life Sciences