22,628 research outputs found
Conceptual Spaces in Object-Oriented Framework
The aim of this paper is to show that the middle level of
mental representations in a conceptual spaces framework is consistent
with the OOP paradigm. We argue that conceptual spaces framework
together with vague prototype theory of categorization appears to be
the most suitable solution for modeling the cognitive apparatus of
humans, and that the OOP paradigm can be easily and intuitively
reconciled with this framework. First, we show that the prototypebased
OOP approach is consistent with Gärdenfors’ model in terms
of structural coherence. Second, we argue that the product of cloning
process in a prototype-based model is in line with the structure of
categories in Gärdenfors’ proposal. Finally, in order to make the fuzzy
object-oriented model consistent with conceptual space, we
demonstrate how to define membership function in a more cognitive
manner, i.e. in terms of similarity to prototype
Platonic model of mind as an approximation to neurodynamics
Hierarchy of approximations involved in simplification of microscopic theories, from sub-cellural to the whole brain level, is presented. A new approximation to neural dynamics is described, leading to a Platonic-like model of mind based on psychological spaces. Objects and events in these spaces correspond to quasi-stable states of brain dynamics and may be interpreted from psychological point of view. Platonic model bridges the gap between neurosciences and psychological sciences. Static and dynamic versions of this model are outlined and Feature Space Mapping, a neurofuzzy realization of the static version of Platonic model, described. Categorization experiments with human subjects are analyzed from the neurodynamical and Platonic model points of view
Measuring Relations Between Concepts In Conceptual Spaces
The highly influential framework of conceptual spaces provides a geometric
way of representing knowledge. Instances are represented by points in a
high-dimensional space and concepts are represented by regions in this space.
Our recent mathematical formalization of this framework is capable of
representing correlations between different domains in a geometric way. In this
paper, we extend our formalization by providing quantitative mathematical
definitions for the notions of concept size, subsethood, implication,
similarity, and betweenness. This considerably increases the representational
power of our formalization by introducing measurable ways of describing
relations between concepts.Comment: Accepted at SGAI 2017 (http://www.bcs-sgai.org/ai2017/). The final
publication is available at Springer via
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71078-5_7. arXiv admin note: substantial
text overlap with arXiv:1707.05165, arXiv:1706.0636
Concepts and Their Dynamics: A Quantum-Theoretic Modeling of Human Thought
We analyze different aspects of our quantum modeling approach of human
concepts, and more specifically focus on the quantum effects of contextuality,
interference, entanglement and emergence, illustrating how each of them makes
its appearance in specific situations of the dynamics of human concepts and
their combinations. We point out the relation of our approach, which is based
on an ontology of a concept as an entity in a state changing under influence of
a context, with the main traditional concept theories, i.e. prototype theory,
exemplar theory and theory theory. We ponder about the question why quantum
theory performs so well in its modeling of human concepts, and shed light on
this question by analyzing the role of complex amplitudes, showing how they
allow to describe interference in the statistics of measurement outcomes, while
in the traditional theories statistics of outcomes originates in classical
probability weights, without the possibility of interference. The relevance of
complex numbers, the appearance of entanglement, and the role of Fock space in
explaining contextual emergence, all as unique features of the quantum
modeling, are explicitly revealed in this paper by analyzing human concepts and
their dynamics.Comment: 31 pages, 5 figure
Conjunction and Negation of Natural Concepts: A Quantum-theoretic Modeling
We perform two experiments with the aim to investigate the effects of
negation on the combination of natural concepts. In the first experiment, we
test the membership weights of a list of exemplars with respect to two
concepts, e.g., {\it Fruits} and {\it Vegetables}, and their conjunction {\it
Fruits And Vegetables}. In the second experiment, we test the membership
weights of the same list of exemplars with respect to the same two concepts,
but negating the second, e.g., {\it Fruits} and {\it Not Vegetables}, and again
their conjunction {\it Fruits And Not Vegetables}. The collected data confirm
existing results on conceptual combination, namely, they show dramatic
deviations from the predictions of classical (fuzzy set) logic and probability
theory. More precisely, they exhibit conceptual vagueness, gradeness of
membership, overextension and double overextension of membership weights with
respect to the given conjunctions. Then, we show that the quantum probability
model in Fock space recently elaborated to model Hampton's data on concept
conjunction (Hampton, 1988a) and disjunction (Hampton, 1988b) faithfully
accords with the collected data. Our quantum-theoretic modeling enables to
describe these non-classical effects in terms of genuine quantum effects,
namely `contextuality', `superposition', `interference' and `emergence'. The
obtained results confirm and strenghten the analysis in Aerts (2009a) and Sozzo
(2014) on the identification of quantum aspects in experiments on conceptual
vagueness. Our results can be inserted within the general research on the
identification of quantum structures in cognitive and decision processes.Comment: 32 pages, standard latex, no figures, 16 tables. arXiv admin note:
text overlap with arXiv:1311.6050; and text overlap with arXiv:0805.3850 by
other author
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