The algebraic hyperstructure of elementary particles in physical theory

Algebraic hyperstructures represent a natural extension of classical algebraic structures. In a classical algebraic structure, the composition of two elements is an element, while in an algebraic hyperstructure, the composition of two elements is a set. Algebraic hyperstructure theory has a multiplicity of applications to other disciplines. The main purpose of this paper is to provide examples of hyperstructures associated with elementary particles in physical theory.Comment: 13 page

Hyperstructures in Chemical Hyperstructures of Redox Reactions with Three and Four Oxidation States

Hyperstructures find numerous applications across various disciplines. One notable application is in chemistry, particularly in the context of chemical reactions. In 2014, Davvaz introduced the concept of bi-hyperstructures, but their application specifically in chemical reactions, has yet to be thoroughly explored in previous studies. Thus, the primary aim of this paper is to examine and analyze the different types of bi-hyperstructures present within chemical hyperstructures. The scope of this study focuses on two types of chemical hyperstructures: redox reactions and reactions in electrochemical cells. Within these chemical hyperstructures, we investigate the possibility of bi-hyperstructures among bi-semihypergroups, bi-hypergroups, bi-H_v-semigroups, and bi-H_v-groups. Next, some properties of bi-hyperstructures related to hyperstructures are also investigate

FUZZY SUBSETS OF THE PHENOTYPES OF F2-OFFSPRING

This paper presents a connection between fuzzy sets, biological inheritance and hyperstructures in which we consider the set of phenotypes of the second generation $F_{2}$ in different types of inheritance, define fuzzy subsets of it and construct a sequence of join spaces associated to each of its types