48 research outputs found
The preliminary study of carbon x-change rakyat using blockchain application
Today’s air pollution is detrimental to the environment, particularly in Indonesia. Carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) are present in the atmosphere due to air pollution. Many individuals employ reforestation to lessen the influence of CO2 and NOx gases on the atmosphere. However, in the digitalized era, lowering carbon emissions may also be accomplished through a carbon credit exchange. Thus, in this study we investigate the performance of the carbon x-change rakyat (CXR) based on blockchain platform utilizing the stress test approach. We provided four scenarios with 10,000 to 100,000 transactions evaluated on the CXR blockchain system i.e., transfer, insert, remove, and update. The outcome demonstrates CXR’s effectiveness with 100% success and 0% failure rate based on testing and statistical computations calculation. The mean absolute error (MAE), variance accounted for (VAF), and percent error (PE) are obtained with values ranging from 0.38% to 4.67%. In this study, the transaction per-second (TPS) is used to calculate include error request (IER) and exclude error request (EER) values around 312 to 746 milliseconds (ms). In addition, the TPS of CXR based on blockchain platform is a capability to create and trace database carbon certificate ownership (nonfinancial activity). It means CXR based on the blockchain platform has a fast response to process carbon certificate ownership for transactions across local and international countries in the world
DocCert: Nostrification, Document Verification and Authenticity Blockchain Solution
Many institutions and organizations require nostrification and verification
of qualification as a prerequisite for hiring. The idea is to recognize the
authenticity of a copy or digital document issued by an institution in a
foreign country and detect forgeries. Certificates, financial records, health
records, official papers and others are often required to be attested from
multiple entities in distinct locations. However, in this digital era where
most applications happen online, and document copies are uploaded, the
traditional signature and seal methods are obsolete. In a matter of minutes and
with a simple photo editor, a certificate or document copy may be plagiarized
or forged. Blockchain technology offers a decentralized approach to record and
verify transactions without the need for huge infrastructure investment. In
this paper, we propose a blockchain based nostrification system, where awarding
institutions generate a digital certificate, store in a public but permissioned
blockchain, where students and other stakeholders may verify. We present a
thorough discussion and formal evaluation of the proposed system.Comment: The Fifth International Conference on Blockchain Computing and
Applications (BCCA 2023), held in Conjunction with Kuwait Fintech and
Blockchain Summit 2023, 24,26 Oct 2023, Kuwait City, Kuwai
Results of the Assessment of Possibilities and Prospects of Using Blockchain Technology in the Production Activities of Enterprises
The basics of Blockchain technology and its application in various fields of activity are considered. The object of the research is Blockchain technology and the possibilities of its application in industries. This involves a detailed study of its fundamental components – decentralized network, mathematical cryptography, distributed consensus, transaction ledger and smart contracts, as well as their application, in particular, for automating and securing transactions and processes using smart contracts. The main problem to be solved is the integration of secure, transparent and efficient mechanisms for recording and processing transactions, as well as automating processes at different stages of production. The use of Blockchain, or rather smart contracts, has significantly improved production processes by automating routine operations and ensuring the security of transactions. Smart contracts developed using the Ethereum platform and the Solidity language are able to optimize production processes, but they are not devoid of risks, such as code bugs and cybersecurity issues. It is emphasized that the integration of Blockchain into production processes requires a basic understanding of the technology, a clear implementation strategy, and initial investment in infrastructure and integration. Despite the initial difficulties, the benefits of using Blockchain in terms of transparency, efficiency, and reliability can be significant, as evidenced by several specific examples. The authors explore the potential of smart contracts at different stages of the production cycle, highlighting the benefits in automating processes and ensuring security. The results show that smart contracts can significantly improve production processes by automating routine operations and ensuring transparency and security of transactions
TheChain: a fast, secure and parallel treatment of transactions
The Smart Distributed Ledger (aka blockchain) has attracted much attention in recent years. According to the European Parliament, this technology has the potential to change the lives of many people. The blockchain is a data structure built upon a hashed function in a distributed network, enabled by an incentive mechanism to discourage malicious nodes from participation. The consensus is at the core of the blockchain technology, and is driven by information embedded into a data structure that takes many forms such as linear, tree, and graph chains. The found related information will be subject to various validation incentives among the miners, such as proof of stake and proof of work. However, all the existing solutions suffer from a heavy state transition before dealing with the problem of a validation mechanism which suffers from resource consumption, monopoly or attacks. This work raises the following question: "Why is there a need for consensus where all participants can make a quick and correct decision?", and underlines the fact that sometimes ledger is subject to maintenance from regional parties in the data that leads to partial territories and eliminates monopoly, which is the hurdle to eliminating the trusted party. The validity of the blockchain transaction comes from the related information scattered above the data structure, and the authenticity lies in the digital signature. The aim is to switch from a validator based on incentives to a broadcaster governed by an unsupervised clustering algorithm, and the integrity does lie in the intersection among regions. However, the data structure takes advantage of the Petri network regarding its suitability. Building the entire ledger in the Petri network model will allow parallel processing of the transactions and securing of the total order between the participants on the memory reference layer. Moreover, it takes account of validation criteria quickly and safely before adding the new transaction list using the graph reachability
Blockchain: trends and future
Blockchain has attracted a great deal of attention due to its secure way of distributing transactions between different nodes without a trust entity, and tracking the validity of data. Although many experts argue the solutions to several problems in today’s inherently insecure Internet lies with blockchain technology because of its security and privacy features, there is no systemic survey to analyze and summarize blockchain technology from different perspectives. In this paper, we present the current trends in blockchain technology from both technical and application viewpoints and highlight the key challenges and future work required that will help in determining what is possible when blockchain is applied to existing and future problems
The forking effect
This study introduces the concept of the forking effect in the cryptocurrency
market,specifically focusing on the impact of forking events on bitcoin, also
called parent coin.We use a modified exponential GARCH model to examine the
bitcoin's response inreturns and volatility. Our findings reveal that forking
events do not significantlyaffect the bitcoin's returns but have a strong
positive impact on its volatility, especially when considering market dynamics.
Our model accounts for key features likevolatility clustering and fat-tailed
distributions. Additionally, we observe that following a fork event, volatility
remains elevated for the next three days, regardless ofother forking events,
and the volatility impact does not increase when multiple forksoccur
simultaneously on the same day
Plastic credit: A consortium blockchain-based plastic recyclability system
By the end of 2015, approximately 6300 million tons (Mt) of plastic waste had been generated globally, but less than 10% of plastics was recycled. Since different types of plastics have various degrees of recyclability, consumer information about plastic product recyclability is paramount in order to increase the levels of plastic recycled. Against this context, the objective of this work is to define a plastic credit system to increase the amount of recyclable plastics. The plastic credit system assigns credit information to each plastic product and its corresponding company based on the percentage recyclability value of the plastic type and its composition. The methodology proposed is based on a unified and transparent credit system established by a double-chain system, which comprises a public blockchain CreditChain and a consortium blockchain M-InfoChain. The results show through the overall system performance analysis that the designed plastic credit system is capable of promoting a demand shift towards plastic products with higher plastic recyclability and achieving a lightweight operation for resource requirements and system maintenance
Blockchain-Based and Fuzzy Logic-Enabled False Data Discovery for the Intelligent Autonomous Vehicular System
Since the beginning of this decade, several incidents report that false data
injection attacks targeting intelligent connected vehicles cause huge
industrial damage and loss of lives. Data Theft, Flooding, Fuzzing, Hijacking,
Malware Spoofing and Advanced Persistent Threats have been immensely growing
attack that leads to end-user conflict by abolishing trust on autonomous
vehicle. Looking after those sensitive data that contributes to measure the
localisation factors of the vehicle, conventional centralised techniques can be
misused to update the legitimate vehicular status maliciously. As investigated,
the existing centralized false data detection approach based on state and
likelihood estimation has a reprehensible trade-off in terms of accuracy,
trust, cost, and efficiency. Blockchain with Fuzzy-logic Intelligence has shown
its potential to solve localisation issues, trust and false data detection
challenges encountered by today's autonomous vehicular system. The proposed
Blockchain-based fuzzy solution demonstrates a novel false data detection and
reputation preservation technique. The illustrated proposed model filters false
and anomalous data based on the vehicles' rules and behaviours. Besides
improving the detection accuracy and eliminating the single point of failure,
the contributions include appropriating fuzzy AI functions within the Road-side
Unit node before authorizing status data by a Blockchain network. Finally,
thorough experimental evaluation validates the effectiveness of the proposed
model.Comment: 11 pages, 11 figures, 4 tables AsiaCCS conference 202
A Formal Analysis of the Bitcoin Protocol
none2noWe study Nakamoto’s Bitcoin protocol that implements a distributed ledger on peer-to-peer asynchronous networks. In particular, we define a principled formal model of key participants - the miners - as stochastic processes and describe the whole system as a parallel composition of miners. We therefore compute the probability that ledgers turn into a state with more severe inconsistencies, e.g. with longer forks, under the assumptions that messages are not lost and nodes are not hostile. We also study how the presence of hostile nodes mining blocks in wrong positions impacts on the consistency of the ledgers. Our theoretical results agree with the simulations performed on a probabilistic model checker that we extended with dynamic datatypes in order to have a faithful description of miners' behaviour.openAdele Veschetti,
Cosimo LaneveAdele Veschetti,
Cosimo Lanev