50,009 research outputs found
Inheritance patterns in citation networks reveal scientific memes
Memes are the cultural equivalent of genes that spread across human culture
by means of imitation. What makes a meme and what distinguishes it from other
forms of information, however, is still poorly understood. Our analysis of
memes in the scientific literature reveals that they are governed by a
surprisingly simple relationship between frequency of occurrence and the degree
to which they propagate along the citation graph. We propose a simple
formalization of this pattern and we validate it with data from close to 50
million publication records from the Web of Science, PubMed Central, and the
American Physical Society. Evaluations relying on human annotators, citation
network randomizations, and comparisons with several alternative approaches
confirm that our formula is accurate and effective, without a dependence on
linguistic or ontological knowledge and without the application of arbitrary
thresholds or filters.Comment: 8 two-column pages, 5 figures; accepted for publication in Physical
Review
Citation Networks in High Energy Physics
The citation network constituted by the SPIRES data base is investigated
empirically. The probability that a given paper in the SPIRES data base has
citations is well described by simple power laws, ,
with for less than 50 citations and for 50 or more citations. Two models are presented that both represent the
data well, one which generates power laws and one which generates a stretched
exponential. It is not possible to discriminate between these models on the
present empirical basis. A consideration of citation distribution by subfield
shows that the citation patterns of high energy physics form a remarkably
homogeneous network. Further, we utilize the knowledge of the citation
distributions to demonstrate the extreme improbability that the citation
records of selected individuals and institutions have been obtained by a random
draw on the resulting distribution.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures, 2 table
NASA publications manual 1974
The various types of NASA publications are described, including formal series, contributions to external publications, informal papers, and supplementary report material. The physical appearance and reproduction procedures for the format of the NASA formal series are discussed, and samples are provided. Matters relating to organization, content, and general style are also considered
Organic Livestock Production- A Bibliometric Review
Due to the increasing interest in organic farming, an overview of this research area is provided through a bibliometric analysis conducted between April and May 2019. A total of 320 documents were published up until 2018 on organic livestock farming, with an annual growth rate of 9.33% and a clear increase since 2005; 268 documents have been published in 111 journals. Germany is the country with the largest number of published papers (56 documents). Authors\u2019 top keywords (excluding keywords used for running the search) included: animal welfare (29 times), animal health (22 times), cattle (15 times), grazing (10 times), and sheep (10 times). This could indicate that more research has been done on cattle because of the importance of this species in Germany. Moreover, the prevalence of the terms \u2018animal welfare\u2019 and \u2018animal health\u2019 may indicate that the research on organic livestock production has been focused on these two areas. The bibliometric analysis indicates that: i) countries focused the organic livestock production research on their main production, and ii) more research in species other than cattle and sheep is needed
A review of the characteristics of 108 author-level bibliometric indicators
An increasing demand for bibliometric assessment of individuals has led to a
growth of new bibliometric indicators as well as new variants or combinations
of established ones. The aim of this review is to contribute with objective
facts about the usefulness of bibliometric indicators of the effects of
publication activity at the individual level. This paper reviews 108 indicators
that can potentially be used to measure performance on the individual author
level, and examines the complexity of their calculations in relation to what
they are supposed to reflect and ease of end-user application.Comment: to be published in Scientometrics, 201
Recommended from our members
e-Governance: Supporting pragmatic direct deliberative action through online communities of interest
Authors often report on the limited success of e-Government initiatives in developing nations. Top down, national strategies are developed to target improved government services, but maintain hierarchical, citizen-state conceptions of governance through representative democracy. An alternative conception, direct deliberative democracy, frames the potential role of the internet in governance differently. Web based platforms might support locally animated deliberations, which target pragmatic outcomes, while the resulting social networks afford collective learning through connections across traditional boundaries. This paper presents an investigation of direct deliberative governance as it occurs in online 'communities of interest', and is based on research with such a community in southern Africa. We investigate contributions to the online governance process and develop an action typology distinguishing between degrees of 'agency freedom'. Network analytic techniques are then used to understand how acts of varying degree are expressed in terms of the structure of a social network. The aim, more broadly, is to understand how the environment shapes acts of direct deliberative governance, and, in turn, how the acts shape the evolution and effectiveness of the community. The preliminary results suggest design considerations for online governance communities, and highlight their role to not only provide deliberative space, but to mediate social network connections
Public understanding of science and common sense: Social representations of the human microbiome among the expert and non-expert public
The aim of this investigation is to examine the structure and the content of different social groups’ representations of the human microbiome. We employed a non-probabilistic sample comprising two groups of participants. The first group (n = 244) included university students. The second group included lay people (n = 355). We chose a mixed-method approach. The data obtained were processed using IRaMuTeQ software. The results allow us to identify the anchoring and objectification processes activated by the two different groups of interviewees. The results could be useful to those in charge of implementing campaigns aimed at promoting health literac
- …