Fratricide: defective decision making

Motivation – to explore the applicability of a Human Factors methodology for the investigation of fratricide. Research approach – The EAST methodology was used to analyse an incident of fratricide and its ability to explore the Famous Five of Fratricide (F3) model was investigated. Findings/Design – the analysis revealed that EAST was able to provide explicit discussion of the Famous Five of Fratricide (F3) models five causal factors of communication, cooperation, coordination, schemata and situation awareness. Research limitations/Implications – the research explored a single case study and as such is couched at the initial phases of investigation. Originality/Value – the analysis provides a contribution to the knowledge urrounding fratricide both with respect to the novel application of the EAST methodology to an incident of fratricide, and also the causal factors identified by EAST within the fratricide incident. Take away message – the EAST methodology provides an innovative way of exploring causality in incidents of fratricide<br/

Impact of Laser Guide Star Fratricide on TMT MCAO System

Laser beams projected from the ground to form laser guide stars (LGS) experience scattering and absorption that reduce their intensity as they propagate through the atmosphere. Some fraction of the scattered light will be collected by the other LGS wavefront sensors and causes additional background in parts of the pupil. This cross-talk is referred to as the fratricide effect. In this paper we quantify the magnitude of four different sources of scattering/absorption and back scattering, and evaluate their impact on performance with various zenith angles and turbulence profiles for the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT) MCAO system, NFIRAOS. The resulting wavefront error is on the order of 5 to 20 nm RMS, provided that the mean background from the fratricide can be calibrated and subtracted with an accuracy of 80%. We have also found that the impact of fratricide is a weak function of LGS asterism radius

Impact of sodium laser guide star fratricide on multi-conjugate adaptive optics systems

Laser beams projected from the ground to form sodium layer laser guide stars (LGSs) for adaptive optics (AO) systems experience scattering and absorption that reduce their intensity as they propagate upward through the atmosphere. Some fraction of the scattered light will be collected by the other wavefront sensors and causes additional background in parts of the pupil. This cross-talk between different LGS wavefront sensors is referred to as the fratricide effect. In this paper we quantify the magnitude of four different sources of scattering/absorption and backscattering, and we evaluate their impact on performance with various zenith angles and turbulence profiles for one particular AO system. The resulting wavefront error for the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT) multi-conjugate AO (MCAO) system, NFIRAOS, is on the order of 5 to 20 nm RMS, provided that the mean background from the fratricide effect can be calibrated and subtracted with an accuracy of 80%. We also present the impact on system performance of momentary variations in LGS signal levels due to variations in cirrus absorption or laser power, and we show that this affects the performance more than does an equal variation in the level of the fratricide

Eating from the Tree That Causes Insight: An Investigation of the Presence of Wisdom in the Paradise and Fratricide Narratives

This work examines the presence of wisdom as a theme within the Paradise and Fratricide narratives of the Hebrew Bible (Genesis 2:4–3:24). As the nature of “wisdom” in the Paradise Narrative is not agreed upon by interpreters, one goal of this work is to offer a more precise definition of wisdom as a theme in this account. A second goal is to ascertain whether this wisdom theme in the Paradise Narrative continues into the Fratricide Narrative. The analysis begins by examining literary historical issues in the Paradise and Fratricide narratives, and the conclusions of this chapter form the starting point for the rest of the study. The symbols/motifs in the Paradise and Fratricide narratives that have a potential association with wisdom are then considered in two ways. First, the use of the symbol/motif within the narratives themselves is examined. Secondly, the use of the symbols/motifs in outside sources (especially “wisdom literature”) is reviewed, followed by consideration of whether there is a connection between these outside occurrences and the use of the symbol/motif in the Paradise and Fratricide narratives. It is concluded that the type of wisdom featured in the Paradise Narrative is not strongly related to the discussion of wisdom within the “wisdom literature” of the Hebrew Bible. Instead, the supposed “wisdom” theme in the Paradise Narrative has to do with the knowledge of good and bad, which is a characteristic associated with maturity and social influence. It is argued that this same kind of “wisdom” is also in focus within the following account, the Fratricide Narrative. These conclusions imply that it is imprecise to refer to the Paradise and Fratricide narratives as “wisdom literature” or as literature influenced by the wisdom tradition. Furthermore, the connection between the Paradise and Fratricide narratives is strengthened by defining this shared theme, suggesting that these stories should be understood as a literary unit

Discord in the Family Environment: Reviewing incidences of fratricide and sororicide in Malaysia

Family discords or quarrels are considered normal and ordinary. However, the level and intensity of the discords and disputes have led to incidences of fratricide and sororicide. In the case of fratricide (the killing of one’s brother) and sororicide (the killing of one’s sister), the escalating number of incidences as reported in the media requires proper intervention by the relevant parties. The aim of this paper is to review published articles on family discords and violence, particularly on incidences of fratricide and sororicide. The findings and implications of the findings will be discussed in this review paper.Keywords: fratricide; sororicide; discord; family environmentISSN: 2398-4287© 2017. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning &amp; Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia

The Enemy of my Enemy is my Friend… The Dynamics of Self Defense Forces in Irregular War: The Case of the Sons of Iraq

This paper assesses the effect that leveraging civilian defense force militias has on the dynamics of violence in civil war. We argue that the delegation of security and combat roles to local civilians shifts the primary targets of insurgent violence towards civilians, in an attempt to deter future defections, and re-establish control over the local population. This argument is assessed through an analysis of the Sunni Awakening and ancillary Sons of Iraq paramilitary program. The results suggest that at least in the Al-Anbar province of Iraq, the utilisation of the civilian population in counterinsurgent roles had significant implications for the targets of insurgent violence

Changing style and changing meaning: Icelandic historiography and the medieval redactions of Heiðreks saga

Sagas appeared on Scandinavian scholars' horizons around the seventeenth century, when their narratives were accepted as reasonably accurate accounts on past events. Subsequently, in the course of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, they were increasingly recognized as literary creations that could rarely be taken as reliable narrative histories; this shift was particularly deleterious for the study of the fornaldarsogur, which not only fell from grace sooner, but were not generally thought very good literature either. Here, Hall seeks to anchor these assumptions more firmly in the surviving evidence by analyzing the changing styles, techniques, and intentions of the medieval redactions of Heidreks saga

Advances in Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapies for Solid Tumors.

In 2017, the US Food and Drug Administration approved the first two novel cellular immunotherapies using synthetic, engineered receptors known as chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), tisagenlecleucel (Kymriah) and axicabtagene ciloleucel (Yescarta), expressed by patient-derived T cells for the treatment of hematological malignancies expressing the B-cell surface antigen CD19 in both pediatric and adult patients. This approval marked a major milestone in the use of antigen-directed living drugs for the treatment of relapsed or refractory blood cancers, and with these two approvals, there is increased impetus to expand not only the target antigens but also the tumor types that can be targeted. This state-of-the-art review will focus on the challenges, advances, and novel approaches being used to implement CAR T-cell immunotherapy for the treatment of solid tumors