Cone Penetration Testing 2022

This volume contains the proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Cone Penetration Testing (CPT’22), held in Bologna, Italy, 8-10 June 2022. More than 500 authors - academics, researchers, practitioners and manufacturers – contributed to the peer-reviewed papers included in this book, which includes three keynote lectures, four invited lectures and 169 technical papers. The contributions provide a full picture of the current knowledge and major trends in CPT research and development, with respect to innovations in instrumentation, latest advances in data interpretation, and emerging fields of CPT application. The paper topics encompass three well-established topic categories typically addressed in CPT events: - Equipment and Procedures - Data Interpretation - Applications. Emphasis is placed on the use of statistical approaches and innovative numerical strategies for CPT data interpretation, liquefaction studies, application of CPT to offshore engineering, comparative studies between CPT and other in-situ tests. Cone Penetration Testing 2022 contains a wealth of information that could be useful for researchers, practitioners and all those working in the broad and dynamic field of cone penetration testing

The Sustainable Composite Materials in Civil and Architectural Engineering

This book is a collection of 10 research articles (from 18 submissions) authored by researchers and peer reviewed by professionals in the field to address the use of sustainable composite materials in civil and architectural engineering over the course of more than 2 years. Fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP), geopolymers, and various recycled and repurposed waste materials are among the items addressed, used in a variety of applications from flame retardance to energy consumption. This book is a great resource for both academics and professionals in the field of engineering

GEOTECHNICAL ASSET MANAGEMENT FOR UK RAILWAY EMBANKMENTS

The British railway system is one of the oldest in the world. Most railway embankments are aged around 150 years old and, the percentage of track disruption due to embankment failure is frequently higher than other types of railway infrastructure. Remarkable works have been done to understand embankment deterioration and develop asset modelling. Nevertheless, they do not represent a sufficient way of managing assets in detail. One of the biggest challenges that geotechnical asset managers and railway operator face is the detection of embankment failure at an early stage. Unplanned disruptions compromise safety for passengers, reliability of railway operators and require emergency budget deployment. To guarantee good system performance and meet costumer’s expectations, industries would benefit efficient and pro-active management activities and adoption of Geotechnical Asset Management (GAM) programs. To support the challenge, this research improves the understanding of the interaction between causes of embankment instability and visible signs of embankment instability. In this thesis, the signs of embankment instability are identified thanks to the use of a new metric called Embankment Instability Metric EIM developed by AECOM in 2018. The EIM measures the worsening of track geometry that is likely due to embankment instability. This research work presents the results of the analysis aiming to evaluate whether a link existed between track deterioration, due to embankment instability, and the geotechnical parameters known from literature as playing a role in the embankment disruption. Results of this analysis proved that, based on the specific analysis undertaken, different levels of correlation between causes and symptoms can be assessed and that some parameters show a better link with the EIM than others. The final outcome of this research work was the development of a decision-making tool based on a Multi-Criteria Decision-Making MCDM approach. The novel tool supports the decision-makers in the process of selecting the most appropriate intervention to be undertaken for a specific embankment asset given its current geotechnical conditions

Laboratory measurements of load-transfer in geosynthetic reinforced soils

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1996.Includes bibliographical references (p. 331-339).by Samir Chauhan.Ph.D

GEOTECHNICAL ASSET MANAGEMENT FOR UK RAILWAY EMBANKMENTS

The British railway system is one of the oldest in the world. Most railway embankments are aged around 150 years old and, the percentage of track disruption due to embankment failure is frequently higher than other types of railway infrastructure. Remarkable works have been done to understand embankment deterioration and develop asset modelling. Nevertheless, they do not represent a sufficient way of managing assets in detail. One of the biggest challenges that geotechnical asset managers and railway operator face is the detection of embankment failure at an early stage. Unplanned disruptions compromise safety for passengers, reliability of railway operators and require emergency budget deployment. To guarantee good system performance and meet costumer’s expectations, industries would benefit efficient and pro-active management activities and adoption of Geotechnical Asset Management (GAM) programs. To support the challenge, this research improves the understanding of the interaction between causes of embankment instability and visible signs of embankment instability. In this thesis, the signs of embankment instability are identified thanks to the use of a new metric called Embankment Instability Metric EIM developed by AECOM in 2018. The EIM measures the worsening of track geometry that is likely due to embankment instability. This research work presents the results of the analysis aiming to evaluate whether a link existed between track deterioration, due to embankment instability, and the geotechnical parameters known from literature as playing a role in the embankment disruption. Results of this analysis proved that, based on the specific analysis undertaken, different levels of correlation between causes and symptoms can be assessed and that some parameters show a better link with the EIM than others. The final outcome of this research work was the development of a decision-making tool based on a Multi-Criteria Decision-Making MCDM approach. The novel tool supports the decision-makers in the process of selecting the most appropriate intervention to be undertaken for a specific embankment asset given its current geotechnical conditions

Chapter 34 - Biocompatibility of nanocellulose: Emerging biomedical applications

Nanocellulose already proved to be a highly relevant material for biomedical applications, ensued by its outstanding mechanical properties and, more importantly, its biocompatibility. Nevertheless, despite their previous intensive research, a notable number of emerging applications are still being developed. Interestingly, this drive is not solely based on the nanocellulose features, but also heavily dependent on sustainability. The three core nanocelluloses encompass cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs), and bacterial nanocellulose (BNC). All these different types of nanocellulose display highly interesting biomedical properties per se, after modification and when used in composite formulations. Novel applications that use nanocellulose includewell-known areas, namely, wound dressings, implants, indwelling medical devices, scaffolds, and novel printed scaffolds. Their cytotoxicity and biocompatibility using recent methodologies are thoroughly analyzed to reinforce their near future applicability. By analyzing the pristine core nanocellulose, none display cytotoxicity. However, CNF has the highest potential to fail long-term biocompatibility since it tends to trigger inflammation. On the other hand, neverdried BNC displays a remarkable biocompatibility. Despite this, all nanocelluloses clearly represent a flag bearer of future superior biomaterials, being elite materials in the urgent replacement of our petrochemical dependence

Bacterial Interactions with Dental and Medical Materials

The interaction of bacteria with biomaterials’ surfaces has critical clinical implications on the development and progression of biofilm-related diseases. In this book "Bacterial Interactions with Dental and Medical Materials", encouraging findings on tissue-contacting biomaterials to control biofilms, enhanced understanding of key mechanisms, and clinical perspectives are discussed toward improving healthcare

Advances in Theoretical and Computational Energy Optimization Processes

The paradigm in the design of all human activity that requires energy for its development must change from the past. We must change the processes of product manufacturing and functional services. This is necessary in order to mitigate the ecological footprint of man on the Earth, which cannot be considered as a resource with infinite capacities. To do this, every single process must be analyzed and modified, with the aim of decarbonising each production sector. This collection of articles has been assembled to provide ideas and new broad-spectrum contributions for these purposes

Numerical analysis of fatigue crack growth in welded joints with multiple defects

In the case of welded steel structures (such as pressure equipment), welded joints are often critical location for stress concentrations, due to different mechanical properties and chemical composition compared to the parent material, and due to changes in geometry. In addition, the presence of imperfections (defects) in welded joints can contribute to the increase in local stress, resulting in crack initiation. Recently, standards that are related to acceptable dimensions of various types of defects in welded joints started taking fatigue loading into account as well. For the purpose of this research, a 3D numerical model was made, of a welded joint with different types of defects (linear misalignment and a crack in the weld metal), based on the previous work, which involved static loading of the same specimen. In this case, fatigue was taken into account, and the simulation was performed using ABAQUS software, as well as Morfeo, an add-on used for determining the fatigue behaviour of structures via XFEM (extended finite element method). The welded joint was made using steel P460NL1 as the parent material, and EPP2NiMo2 wire was used for the weld metal. An additional model was made, whose defects included a crack and an overhang. Fatigue crack growth analysis was performed for this model as well, and the results for stress intensity factors and stress/strain distribution were compared in order to obtain information about how different defects can affect the integrity of a welded joint

The influence of oxide deposits on the remaining life and integrity of pressure vessels equipment

In this paper is presented the principle of application of fracture mechanics parameters in determining the integrity of rotary equipment. The behavior of rotary equipment depends on presence of cracks and basically determines the integrity and life of such equipment. The locations of stress concentration (i.e. radius changes) represent a particular problem in rotary equipment, and they are the most suitable places for the occurrence of microcracks i.e. cracks due to fatigue load. This problem is most common in the shaft of relatively large dimensions, for example, turbine shafts in hydropower plants made of high-strength carbon steel with relatively low fracture toughness, and relatively low resistance to crack formation and growth. Having in mind that rotary equipment represents the great risk in the exploitation, whose occasional failures often had severe consequences, it is necessary detail study of their integrity. For this purpose, it is necessary application of parameters of linear-elastic fracture mechanics, such as stress intensity factor, which range defines the rate of crack growth (Parisian law), and its critical value (fracture toughness) determines the critical crack length. The procedures for determining the critical crack length will be described using the fracture mechanics parameters