Urban Navigation Handling Openstreetmap Data for an Easy to Drive Route

Atualmente, os cidadãos podem escolher as suas opções de viagem com base no tempo, distância, emissões, consumo, entre outros parâmetros. Não obstante, a literatura indica que os sistemas de planeamento de rotas atuais têm, maioritariamente, por base a distância e o tempo. Com efeito, verificou-se uma falta de sistemas de planeamento de rotas que se preocupem com as preferências dos utilizadores num ponto de vista mais qualitativo. Este projeto de investigação desenvolve um framework de planeamento de rotas com a integração de diferentes atributos da rede rodoviária como semáforos, passadeiras e paragens de autocarro, com o objetivo de providenciar aos utilizadores a opção de evitar estes mesmos atributos, oferecendo uma opção easy drive, nomeadamente em ambiente urbano. O estudo foi conduzido através de dados georreferenciados da cidade de Lisboa, Portugal. No entanto, é transferível para qualquer outra cidade. O algoritmo providencia alternativas para a rota mais curta, easy drive e rota balanceada, considerando apenas um modo de viagem: carro/mota. O modelo foi desenvolvido no PostgreSQL com a extensão PostGIS e PgRouting, e os resultados foram visualizados no software QGIS. O software permite customizar pesos para cada uma das restrições para a escolha das rotas e estes pesos são modificados com o objetivo de encontrar o caminho ótimo consoante as preferências de cada utilizador.Currently, citizens can choose their travel options based on time, distance, consumption, emission, among other parameters. Nevertheless, the literature indicates that current route planning systems are based on distance and time. In fact, there is a lack of route planning systems which are concerned with users' preferences from a more qualitative point of view. This research project develops a route planning framework with the integration of different road network features like traffic lights, pedestrian crossings, and bus stops, to provide users with the option to avoid these features, offering an easy drive option, namely in an urban environment. The study was conducted using georeferenced data from the city of Lisbon, Portugal. However, it is transferable to any other city. The algorithm provides alternatives for the shortest route, easy drive, and balanced route, considering only one travel mode: car/motorbike. The model was developed in PostgreSQL with the PostGIS extension and PgRouting, and the results were visualized in QGIS software. The software allows to custom weights for each of the constraints for route choices, and these weights are modified to find the optimal route according to the preferences of each user

A study on an integrated observation and collision avoiding support system for merchant ships

東京海洋大学博士学位論文 平成23年度(2011) 応用環境システム学 課程博士 甲第253号指導教員: 大津皓平全文公表年月日: 2016-12-13東京海洋大学201

Geospatial cost drivers in computer-aided electrification planning : the case of Rwanda

Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2018.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references (pages 76-79).This body of work builds upon that of others in the Universal Access Lab at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology who have endeavored to contribute to the resolution of a complex set of global issues by exploring possible solutions to the challenges of achieving universal energy access. To this end, a technoeconomic electricity infrastructure modeling software referred to as the Reference Electrification Model, or REM, has been conceived as a tool of potential use in navigating those particular obstacles which lie at the nexus of technology and policy. This thesis explores the incorporation of topography-related cost driver information into the least-cost technology selection, network design, and costing processes of REM. The objective of this initiative is to incorporate geospatial information in such a way as to accurately reflect the challenges associated with construction, operation, and maintenance of electrical infrastructure in the presence of such geographical features as mountains, waterbodies, and wetland areas, as well as human-designated areas which may be considered sensitive to development, as in the case of national parks and wildlife reserves. This thesis also endeavors to provide a critique of REM in its current capacity through the lens of past electrification planning efforts in the country of Rwanda in order to formulate recommendations regarding both the use and further development of this planning tool.by Cailinn Drouin.S.M

Understanding bus travel time variation using AVL data

Thesis (S.M. in Transportation)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references (p. 89-94).The benefits of bus automatic vehicle location (AVL) data are well documented (see e.g., Furth et al. (2006)), ranging from passenger-facing applications that predict bus arrival times to service-provider-facing applications that monitor network performance and diagnose performance failures. However, most other researchers' analyses tend to use data that they acquired through negotiations with transit agencies, adding a variable cost of time both to the transit agencies and to researchers. Further, conventional wisdom is that simple vehicle location trajectories are not suitable for evaluating bus performance (Furth et al. 2006). In this research, I use data that are free and open to the public. This access enables researchers and the general public to explore bus position traces. The research objective of this Master's Thesis is to build a computational system that can robustly evaluate bus performance across a wide range of bus systems under the hypothesis that a comparative approach could be fruitful for both retrospective and real-time analysis. This research is possible because a large number of bus providers have made their bus position, or AVL, data openly available. This research thus demonstrates the value of open AVL data, brings understanding to the limits of AVL data, evaluates bus performance using open data, and presents novel techniques for understanding variations in bus travel time. Specifically, this thesis demonstrates research to make the system architecture robust and fruitful: " This thesis explores the exceptions in the various datasets to which the system must be robust. As academics and general public look to exploit these data, this research seeks to elucidate important considerations for and limitations of the data. " Bus data are high-dimensional; this research strives to make them dually digestible and informative when drawing conclusions across a long timescale. Thus, this research both lays the foundation for a broader research program and finds more visually striking and fundamentally valuable statistics for understanding variability in bus travel times.by David G. Gerstle.S.M.in Transportatio

The Virtual Bus: A Network Architecture Designed to Support Modular-Redundant Distributed Periodic Real-Time Control Systems

The Virtual Bus network architecture uses physical layer switching and a combination of space- and time-division multiplexing to link segments of a partial mesh network together on schedule to temporarily form contention-free multi-hop, multi-drop simplex signalling paths, or 'virtual buses'. Network resources are scheduled and routed by a dynamic distributed resource allocation mechanism with self-forming and self-healing characteristics. Multiple virtual buses can coexist simultaneously in a single network, as the resources allocated to each bus are orthogonal in either space or time. The Virtual Bus architecture achieves deterministic delivery times for time-sensitive traffic over multi-hop partial mesh networks by employing true line-speed switching; delays of around 15ns at each switching point are demonstrated experimentally, and further reductions in switching delays are shown to be achievable. Virtual buses are inherently multicast, with delivery skew across multiple destinations proportional to the difference in equivalent physical length to each destination. The Virtual Bus architecture is not a purely theoretical concept; a small research platform has been constructed for development, testing and demonstration purposes

Network coded wireless architecture

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2008.Includes bibliographical references (p. 183-197).Wireless mesh networks promise cheap Internet access, easy deployment, and extended range. In their current form, however, these networks suffer from both limited throughput and low reliability; hence they cannot meet the demands of applications such as file sharing, high definition video, and gaming. Motivated by these problems, we explore an alternative design that addresses these challenges. This dissertation presents a network coded architecture that significantly improves throughput and reliability. It makes a simple yet fundamental switch in network design: instead of routers just storing and forwarding received packets, they mix (or code) packets' content before forwarding. We show through practical systems how routers can exploit this new functionality to harness the intrinsic characteristics of the wireless medium to improve performance. We develop three systems; each reveals a different benefit of our network coded design. COPE observes that wireless broadcast naturally creates an overlap in packets received across routers, and develops a new network coding algorithm to exploit this overlap to deliver the same data in fewer transmissions, thereby improving throughput. ANC pushes network coding to the signal level, showing how to exploit strategic interference to correctly deliver data from concurrent senders, further increasing throughput. Finally, MIXIT presents a symbol-level network code that exploits wireless spatial diversity, forwarding correct symbols even if they are contained in corrupted packets to provide high throughput reliable transfers. The contributions of this dissertation are multifold. First, it builds a strong connection between the theory of network coding and wireless system design. Specifically, the systems presented in this dissertation were the first to show that network coding can be cleanly integrated into the wireless network stack to deliver practical and measurable gains. The work also presents novel algorithms that enrich the theory of network coding, extending it to operate over multiple unicast flows, analog signals, and soft-information.(cont.) Second, we present prototype implementations and testbed evaluations of our systems. Our results show that network coding delivers large performance gains ranging from a few percent to several-fold depending on the traffic mix and the topology. Finally, this work makes a clear departure from conventional network design. Research in wireless networks has largely proceeded in isolation, with the electrical engineers focusing on the physical and lower layers, while the computer scientists worked up from the network layer, with the packet being the only interface. This dissertation pokes a hole in this contract, disposing of artificial abstractions such as indivisible packets and point-to-point links in favor of a more natural abstraction that allows the network and the lower layers to collaborate on the common objectives of improving throughput and reliability using network coding as the building block. At the same time, the design maintains desirable properties such as being distributed, low-complexity, implementable, and integrable with the rest of the network stack.by Sachin Rajsekhar Katti.Ph.D

Social media mining for veterinary epidemiological surveillance

Extensive records are kept in the UK regarding large-scale farms, which include information on farm sizes, locations, disease outbreaks, and the movement of animals. This data enables a nuanced understanding of the disease risks associated with commercial farms. Unfortunately, there is a lack of documented data on small-scale farms, making it difficult to evaluate the risks linked with them, despite literature inferring that they play a crucial part in epidemiological surveillance. The primary aim of this project was to evaluate the viability of using social media data as an instrument of passive surveillance for both identifying smallholding communities and early disease detection. This includes assessing the availability and quality of sufficient data, in addition to deriving meaningful inferences about the animal health population within the United Kingdom. Through the use of numerous data science techniques, such as text classification, topic modelling, social network analysis, and spatio-temporal analysis, it was possible to gain insights into the demographics, concerns, and interactions of these communities. Offering a new perspective on disease surveillance and control for policymakers, veterinarians, and agricultural experts, social media platforms have great potential to supplement traditional surveillance, as indicated by the findings. While the research faced limitations, such as the rapidly evolving nature of social media and the specific focus on English-language platforms only, it still added valuable insights to the growing body of knowledge. With the ever-increasing integration of digital and physical domains in today’s world, this research points towards new opportunities for interdisciplinary research in data science and livestock farming. Main contributions from this work: • Digital Surveillance Mechanism: Formulated an innovative methodology for monitoring and analysing smallholder discussions, concerns and actions on the internet in niche fora. • Predictive Modelling: Machine learning models have been introduced that can classify smallholding users based on their profile descriptions, providing a valuable tool for rapid identification. • Disease Outbreak Analysis: Leveraged spatio-temporal analysis to link online discussions with real-world events, providing a potential early warning system for disease outbreaks. • Network Analysis: Unveiled the complex social dynamics of the smallholder community, pinpointing crucial nodes and pathways of information diffusion

Botanical computing : a developmental approach to generating interconnect topologies on an amorphous computer

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1999.Includes bibliographical references (p. 292-295).by Daniel N. Coore.Ph.D