Implementação em hardware reconfigurável de método de separação de dados hiperespetrais

Relatório do Trabalho Final de Mestrado para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia de Electrónica e TelecomunicaçõesOs sensores hiperespetrais adquirem grandes quantidades de dados com uma elevada resolução espetral. Esses dados são utilizados em aplicações para classificar uma área da superfície terrestre ou detetar um determinado alvo. No entanto, existem aplicações que requerem processamento em tempo-real. Recentemente, sistemas de processamento a bordo têm surgido para reduzir a quantidade de dados a ser transmitida para as estações base e assim reduzir o atraso entre a transmissão e a análise dos dados. Sistemas esses compactos, com hardware reconfigurável, como os field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). O presente trabalho propõe uma arquitetura num FPGA, que paraleliza o método vertex components analysis (VCA)de separação de dados hiperespetrais. Este trabalho é desenvolvido na placa ZedBoard que contém um Xilinx Zynq R -7000 XC7Z020. Na primeira fase realiza-se uma análise ao desempenho do método sem o pre--processamento de redução de dados, em termos espetrais. O método é otimizado, para reduzir o seu peso e complexidade computacional. O processo de ortogonalização é a parte mais pesada do método, é realizada por uma decomposição de valores singulares (singular value decomposition - SVD). Este processo é simplificado por uma decomposição QR que reutiliza os vetores ortogonais já determinados. É ainda analisado o tipo de precisão que o método necessita para manter o mesmo desempenho e é concluído que necessita de pelo menos 48-bit vírgula fixa ou flutuante 32-bit. Na segunda fase projeta-se uma arquitetura que paraleliza o método otimizado. Esta é escalável e consegue processar vários píxeis e/ou bandas espetrais em paralelo. A arquitetura é implementada e dimensionada para o sensor AVIRIS, onde este captura 512 píxeis com 224 bandas espetrais em 8,3 ms e a arquitetura processa 614 píxeis e determina oito assinaturas espetrais em 1,57 ms, ou seja, a arquitetura implementada é apropriada para processamento em tempo-real de dados hiperespetrais.Abstract: The Hyperspectral sensors acquire large datasets with high spectral resolution. These datasets are used to classify or detect a specific target over an area of Earth surface. However, there are applications that require real-time processing. Recently, on-board processing systems have emerged to reduce the amount of data that is transmitted to the ground base stations and thereby reduce the delay between the transmission and data analysis. On-board systems need to be compact, such as field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). This work presents a FPGA architecture, that parallels the vertex components analysis (VCA) method for hyperspectral unmixing data. This work is developed on a ZedBoard board, which contains a Xilinx Zynq R -7000 XC7Z020. In the first phase an analysis of the method’s performance without dimensionality reduction pre-processing step, in spectral terms, is conducted. The method have been also optimized, to reduce its computational weight and complexity. The orthogonal process, performed on the singular value decomposition (SVD) used in the original method, is the most complex part of the algorithm. This process is simplified using a QR decomposition that reuses the orthogonal vectors already determined. Its also analysed the type of precision that the method needs to maintain the same performance. In the present work it is concluded that the method requires at least 48-bit fixed-point or 32-bit floating-point. In the second phase is projected an architecture that parallels the optimized method, which is scalable and can process multiple pixels and/or spectral bands in parallel. The architecture is implemented and dimensioned to AVIRIS sensor, which acquires 512 pixels with 224 spectral bands in 8,3 ms, the architecture processes 614 pixels and extracts eight spectral signatures in 1,57 ms, therefore one can conclude that the implemented architecture is appropriated for real-time hyperspectral data processing

Técnicas de compresión de imágenes hiperespectrales sobre hardware reconfigurable

Tesis de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Informática, leída el 18-12-2020Sensors are nowadays in all aspects of human life. When possible, sensors are used remotely. This is less intrusive, avoids interferces in the measuring process, and more convenient for the scientist. One of the most recurrent concerns in the last decades has been sustainability of the planet, and how the changes it is facing can be monitored. Remote sensing of the earth has seen an explosion in activity, with satellites now being launched on a weekly basis to perform remote analysis of the earth, and planes surveying vast areas for closer analysis...Los sensores aparecen hoy en día en todos los aspectos de nuestra vida. Cuando es posible, de manera remota. Esto es menos intrusivo, evita interferencias en el proceso de medida, y además facilita el trabajo científico. Una de las preocupaciones recurrentes en las últimas décadas ha sido la sotenibilidad del planeta, y cómo menitoirzar los cambios a los que se enfrenta. Los estudios remotos de la tierra han visto un gran crecimiento, con satélites lanzados semanalmente para analizar la superficie, y aviones sobrevolando grades áreas para análisis más precisos...Fac. de InformáticaTRUEunpu

Modelling of a System for the Detection of Weak Signals Through Text Mining and NLP. Proposal of Improvement by a Quantum Variational Circuit

Tesis por compendio[ES] En esta tesis doctoral se propone y evalúa un sistema para detectar señales débiles (weak signals) relacionadas con cambios futuros trascendentales. Si bien la mayoría de las soluciones conocidas se basan en el uso de datos estructurados, el sistema propuesto detecta cuantitativamente estas señales utilizando información heterogénea y no estructurada de fuentes científicas, periodísticas y de redes sociales. La predicción de nuevas tendencias en un medio tiene muchas aplicaciones. Por ejemplo, empresas y startups se enfrentan a cambios constantes en sus mercados que son muy difíciles de predecir. Por esta razón, el desarrollo de sistemas para detectar automáticamente cambios futuros significativos en una etapa temprana es relevante para que cualquier organización tome decisiones acertadas a tiempo. Este trabajo ha sido diseñado para obtener señales débiles del futuro en cualquier campo dependiendo únicamente del conjunto de datos de entrada de documentos. Se aplican técnicas de minería de textos y procesamiento del lenguaje natural para procesar todos estos documentos. Como resultado, se obtiene un mapa con un ranking de términos, una lista de palabras clave clasificadas automáticamente y una lista de expresiones formadas por múltiples palabras. El sistema completo se ha probado en cuatro sectores diferentes: paneles solares, inteligencia artificial, sensores remotos e imágenes médicas. Este trabajo ha obtenido resultados prometedores, evaluados con dos metodologías diferentes. Como resultado, el sistema ha sido capaz de detectar de forma satisfactoria nuevas tendencias en etapas muy tempranas que se han vuelto cada vez más importantes en la actualidad. La computación cuántica es un nuevo paradigma para una multitud de aplicaciones informáticas. En esta tesis doctoral también se presenta un estudio de las tecnologías disponibles en la actualidad para la implementación física de qubits y puertas cuánticas, estableciendo sus principales ventajas y desventajas, y los marcos disponibles para la programación e implementación de circuitos cuánticos. Con el fin de mejorar la efectividad del sistema, se describe un diseño de un circuito cuántico basado en máquinas de vectores de soporte (SVM) para la resolución de problemas de clasificación. Este circuito está especialmente diseñado para los ruidosos procesadores cuánticos de escala intermedia (NISQ) que están disponibles actualmente. Como experimento, el circuito ha sido probado en un computador cuántico real basado en qubits superconductores por IBM como una mejora para el subsistema de minería de texto en la detección de señales débiles. Los resultados obtenidos con el experimento cuántico muestran también conclusiones interesantes y una mejora en el rendimiento de cerca del 20% sobre los sistemas convencionales, pero a su vez confirman que aún se requiere un desarrollo tecnológico continuo para aprovechar al máximo la computación cuántica.[CA] En aquesta tesi doctoral es proposa i avalua un sistema per detectar senyals febles (weak signals) relacionats amb canvis futurs transcendentals. Si bé la majoria de solucions conegudes es basen en l'ús de dades estructurades, el sistema proposat detecta quantitativament aquests senyals utilitzant informació heterogènia i no estructurada de fonts científiques, periodístiques i de xarxes socials. La predicció de noves tendències en un medi té moltes aplicacions. Per exemple, empreses i startups s'enfronten a canvis constants als seus mercats que són molt difícils de predir. Per això, el desenvolupament de sistemes per detectar automàticament canvis futurs significatius en una etapa primerenca és rellevant perquè les organitzacions prenguen decisions encertades a temps. Aquest treball ha estat dissenyat per obtenir senyals febles del futur a qualsevol camp depenent únicament del conjunt de dades d'entrada de documents. S'hi apliquen tècniques de mineria de textos i processament del llenguatge natural per processar tots aquests documents. Com a resultat, s'obté un mapa amb un rànquing de termes, un llistat de paraules clau classificades automàticament i un llistat d'expressions formades per múltiples paraules. El sistema complet s'ha provat en quatre sectors diferents: panells solars, intel·ligència artificial, sensors remots i imatges mèdiques. Aquest treball ha obtingut resultats prometedors, avaluats amb dues metodologies diferents. Com a resultat, el sistema ha estat capaç de detectar de manera satisfactòria noves tendències en etapes molt primerenques que s'han tornat cada cop més importants actualment. La computació quàntica és un paradigma nou per a una multitud d'aplicacions informàtiques. En aquesta tesi doctoral també es presenta un estudi de les tecnologies disponibles actualment per a la implementació física de qubits i portes quàntiques, establint-ne els principals avantatges i desavantatges, i els marcs disponibles per a la programació i implementació de circuits quàntics. Per tal de millorar l'efectivitat del sistema, es descriu un disseny d'un circuit quàntic basat en màquines de vectors de suport (SVM) per resoldre problemes de classificació. Aquest circuit està dissenyat especialment per als sorollosos processadors quàntics d'escala intermèdia (NISQ) que estan disponibles actualment. Com a experiment, el circuit ha estat provat en un ordinador quàntic real basat en qubits superconductors per IBM com una millora per al subsistema de mineria de text. Els resultats obtinguts amb l'experiment quàntic també mostren conclusions interessants i una millora en el rendiment de prop del 20% sobre els sistemes convencionals, però a la vegada confirmen que encara es requereix un desenvolupament tecnològic continu per aprofitar al màxim la computació quàntica.[EN] In this doctoral thesis, a system to detect weak signals related to future transcendental changes is proposed and tested. While most known solutions are based on the use of structured data, the proposed system quantitatively detects these signals using heterogeneous and unstructured information from scientific, journalistic, and social sources. Predicting new trends in an environment has many applications. For instance, companies and startups face constant changes in their markets that are very difficult to predict. For this reason, developing systems to automatically detect significant future changes at an early stage is relevant for any organization to make right decisions on time. This work has been designed to obtain weak signals of the future in any field depending only on the input dataset of documents. Text mining and natural language processing techniques are applied to process all these documents. As a result, a map of ranked terms, a list of automatically classified keywords and a list of multi-word expressions are obtained. The overall system has been tested in four different sectors: solar panels, artificial intelligence, remote sensing, and medical imaging. This work has obtained promising results that have been evaluated with two different methodologies. As a result, the system was able to successfully detect new trends at a very early stage that have become more and more important today. Quantum computing is a new paradigm for a multitude of computing applications. This doctoral thesis also presents a study of the technologies that are currently available for the physical implementation of qubits and quantum gates, establishing their main advantages and disadvantages and the available frameworks for programming and implementing quantum circuits. In order to improve the effectiveness of the system, a design of a quantum circuit based on support vector machines (SVMs) is described for the resolution of classification problems. This circuit is specially designed for the noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computers that are currently available. As an experiment, the circuit has been tested on a real quantum computer based on superconducting qubits by IBM as an improvement for the text mining subsystem in the detection of weak signals. The results obtained with the quantum experiment show interesting outcomes with an improvement of close to 20% better performance than conventional systems, but also confirm that ongoing technological development is still required to take full advantage of quantum computing.Griol Barres, I. (2022). Modelling of a System for the Detection of Weak Signals Through Text Mining and NLP. Proposal of Improvement by a Quantum Variational Circuit [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/183029TESISCompendi

Handbook of Mathematical Geosciences

This Open Access handbook published at the IAMG's 50th anniversary, presents a compilation of invited path-breaking research contributions by award-winning geoscientists who have been instrumental in shaping the IAMG. It contains 45 chapters that are categorized broadly into five parts (i) theory, (ii) general applications, (iii) exploration and resource estimation, (iv) reviews, and (v) reminiscences covering related topics like mathematical geosciences, mathematical morphology, geostatistics, fractals and multifractals, spatial statistics, multipoint geostatistics, compositional data analysis, informatics, geocomputation, numerical methods, and chaos theory in the geosciences

Concepts and Approaches for Mars Exploration

Abstracts describe missions, mission elements or experiments for consideration in the 2005-2020 time frame. Also the technologies and the support necessary to achieve the results are discussed.NASA Headquarters; Lunar and Planetary Institutehosted by Lunar and Planetary Institute ; sponsored by NASA Headquarters, Lunar and Planetary Institute ; convener Scott Hubbard

2015-2016 Boise State University Graduate Catalog

The graduate catalog describes the graduate programs offered by Boise State University and the policies, procedures, and requirements that govern those programs. Other pertinent university publications are the Boise State University Student Handbook, and the Boise State University Policy Manual. All of these publications are available online at www.boisestate.edu along with the online schedule of classes. Prospective students are also encouraged to contact the graduate program coordinator of the program of interest for additional information

2017-2018 Boise State University Graduate Catalog

The graduate catalog describes the graduate programs offered by Boise State University and the policies, procedures, and requirements that govern those programs. Other pertinent university publications are the Boise State University Student Handbook, and the Boise State University Policy Manual. All of these publications are available online at www.boisestate.edu along with the online schedule of classes. Prospective students are also encouraged to contact the graduate program coordinator of the program of interest for additional information

2016-2017 Boise State University Graduate Catalog

The graduate catalog describes the graduate programs offered by Boise State University and the policies, procedures, and requirements that govern those programs. Other pertinent university publications are the Boise State University Student Handbook, and the Boise State University Policy Manual. All of these publications are available online at www.boisestate.edu along with the online schedule of classes. Prospective students are also encouraged to contact the graduate program coordinator of the program of interest for additional information