Neutron methods for the direct determination of the magnetic induction in thick films

We review different neutron methods which allow extracting directly the value of the magnetic induction in thick films: Larmor precession, Zeeman spatial beam-splitting and neutron spin resonance. Resulting parameters obtained by the neutron methods and standard magnetometry technique are presented and compared. The possibilities and specificities of the neutron methods are discussed

FRACTURE BEHAVIOR OF FeAlSi INTERMETALLICS

The study is devoted to the intermetallic alloy FeAl20Si20 (wt.%) with the potential applications in high temperature aggressive environments. The samples of the same chemical composition were prepared by spark plasma sintering from the different mechanically alloyed powders (pure elements and pre-alloyed powders). Differences in mechanical properties were characterized. Whereas no significant differences were found in hardness and Young´s modulus, fracture resistance was higher for the samples from pre-alloyed powders in which Palmqvist and lateral cracks were observed (contrary to the sample made of pure elements where only Palmqvist cracks were identified)

Characterization of mechanically alloyed FeAlSi intermetallic powders

Powder metallurgy is very promising material production technology which allows to prepare the alloys that could hardly be manufactured by other processing route. Basic prerequisite to obtain the product of desired properties is the high quality of initial primary commodities, i.e. powders in the case of powder metallurgy. One of the available methods of powder preparation is so called mechanical alloying which starts from blended powder mixtures and allows production of homogeneous materials by severe deformation in a high-energy ball charge. This technology is especially suitable for brittle materials such as intermetallic alloys being developed for high-temperature and corrosive environments applications [1]. Please click Additional Files below to see the full abstract

Evaluation of the Effects of Pulsed Magnetic Field Treatment as a Nondestructive Treatment for Magnetic Materials

Pulsed magnetic treatment has been suggested as a nondestructive treatment of magnetic materials for reducing microscopic stress and strain in the materials. Systematic studies have been made to test the effect of pulsed magnetic field treatments in a variety of magnetic materials including bulk nickel and magnetic thin film samples. The treatment involves the application of a low frequency, periodic magnetic field superimposed with a high frequency pulse component followed by demagnetization. Equipment for applying the pulsed magnetic field treatment has been designed and constructed, together with computer software which was developed to allow complete control of the waveform, frequency and amplitude of the pulsed magnetic field profile. Various characterization techniques, including magnetic hysteresis, Barkhausen effect measurements and magnetic force microscopy, were used to test the effects of the pulsed magnetic field treatment. Present results indicate that the stress relief effect of the treatment on the samples, if there is any, is much weaker than claimed in previous studies

Crystal chemistry and electronic structure of the β-AlFeSi phase from first-principles

Supplementary data are available online at https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022459621002449?via%3Dihub#appsec1 .β-AlFeSi has a layered structure composed of FeAlSi blocks and exhibits a rich variety of crystal chemistry. Plate-like/rod-like β-AlFeSi particles formed in Al-based alloys have nontrivial influences on the mechanical performance of the cast parts. Here, we investigate the stability, crystal chemistry and electronic structure of the β-phase using the first-principles density-functional theory (DFT) method. We reveal that Si prefers on the Al1 or Al6 sites, forming stable β-Al4.5SiIFe or β-Al4.5SiVIFe (the Roman numerals represent the Al sites in the Rømming’s labels). This differs from the existing model with a homogeneous Si/Al distribution. Moreover, the calculations also find that stacking of the FeAlSi blocks leads to structural transformations. Electronically β-Al4.5SiFe is anisotropic with a narrow pseudo-band-gap, indicating its unusual physical properties. The obtained information here sheds some light not only on the stability and crystal chemistry of the β-phase as a member of the large family of the Fe-containing intermetallic compounds in Al-based alloys, but also on its potential applications as low-dimensional functional materials.EPSRC (UK) under grant numbers EP/N007638/1 and EP/S005102/1

FERROMAGNETIC RESONANCE STUDY OF MAGNETIC FILMS VIA TRANSMISSION LINE PERTURBATION AND ELECTRICAL METHODS

Ph.DDOCTOR OF PHILOSOPH

Zero Poynting vector E∥H Beltrami field cylindrical cavity resonators

In this paper, we present novel cylindrical cavity resonators accommodating spatially and temporally zero Poynting vector Beltrami standing waves with the parallel electric and magnetic fields (E∥H). We introduce the special boundary conditions, i.e., longitudinal electromagnetic conductor (LEMC) on which zero longitudinal electromagnetic components are enforced and circumferential electromagnetic conductor (CEMC) on which zero circumference electromagnetic components are enforced in an axisymmetric waveguide system, and show that the zero Poynting vector E∥H Beltrami standing wave is generated as a superposition of dual degenerated axisymmetric TM and TE standing waves in a cylindrical resonator using the LEMC and CEMC boundary conditions. We present physical implementation methods of the LEMC and CEMC boundary conditions composed of the circumferentially arranged corrugations and the concentrically aligned cylindrical thin fins, respectively. In addition, we numerically demonstrate the Beltrami standing field generation and reveal its peculiar electromagnetic properties: the spatially and temporally E∥H with zero Poynting vector distribution, identical electric and magnetic energy density distributions, and zero local reactive energy flow

Advanced Powder Metallurgy Technologies

Powder metallurgy is a group of advanced processes used for the synthesis, processing, and shaping of various kinds of materials. Initially inspired by ceramics processing, the methodology comprising the production of a powder and its transformation to a compact solid product has attracted attention since the end of World War II. At present, many technologies are availabe for powder production (e.g., gas atomization of the melt, chemical reduction, milling, and mechanical alloying) and its consolidation (e.g., pressing and sintering, hot isostatic pressing, and spark plasma sintering). The most promising methods can achieve an ultra-fine or nano-grained powder structure, and preserve it during consolidation. Among these methods, mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering play a key role. This book places special focus on advances in mechanical alloying, spark plasma sintering, and self-propagating high-temperature synthesis methods, as well as on the role of these processes in the development of new materials

Effet des conditions de broyage sur les propriétés structurales et magnétiques des nanomatériaux FeAl élaborés par mécanosynthèse

148 p. : ill. ; 30 cmDes poudres nanocristallines (Fe0.8Al0.2)100-xSix et (Fe0.75Al0.25)100-xSix ont été élaborées par mécanosynthèse à l'aide d'un vario-broyeur planétaire innovant " pulverisette 4 " à haute énergie. La formation des composés ainsi que les propriétés physiques ont été étudiées en fonction du pourcentage de silicium, x, (x = 0, 5, 10, 15 et 20 at%) en utilisant les techniques de Diffraction des rayons X (DRX), Microscopie Electronique à Balayage (MEB), analyse des rayons X par Dispersion d'Energie (EDX) , Spectroscopie MÀssbauer et magnétométrie à échantillon vibrant (VSM). Les micrographies MEB des poudres des deux séries montrent que leurs particules se présentent sous forme d'agglomérats qui possèdent une forme lamellaire pour les alliages sans silicium puis prennent progressivement une forme arrondie accompagnés d'un affinement dans leurs tailles avec l'augmentation de pourcentage de Si. L'analyse EDX a montré que la composition finale de chaque échantillon est très proche de sa composition nominale ainsi que l'absence de contamination. L'affinement des spectres de DRX obtenus a révélé la formation de la solution solide désordonnée monophasé pour chaque échantillon des deux séries, en raison de l'occupation aléatoire des sites de la maille conventionnelle (cc) de À-Fe par les atomes d'Al et de Si. Cet affinement a aussi montré que l'augmentation de la teneur en Si dans les deux séries d'alliages a pour effet de diminuer linéairement le paramètre de maille. D'autre part, la taille moyenne des grains, (nm), décroît pour les deux séries mais d'une manière différente. L'analyse des spectres MÀssbauer, collectés à 300 K, correspondant aux échantillons des deux séries (Fe0.8Al0.2)100-xSix et (Fe0.75Al0.25)100-xSix confirme les résultats obtenus par la DRX pour ce qui concerne la formation de la solution solide FeAl et Fe(Al, Si) après 72 h de broyage. De plus, elle a fournit des informations supplémentaires, que la DRX n'a pas pu révéler, sur l'existence de différents environnements magnétiques pour les atomes de fer et la formation des phases non ferromagnétiques. Les courbes d'hystérésis, prises à 300 K, de tous les échantillons des deux séries montrent que tous les alliages sont des matériaux magnétiques dou