Factors Associated with Player Satisfaction and Educational Value of Serious Games

Computer games are well established forms of entertainment which have been shown to promote the development of important cognitive skills. This has also seen their evolution into games supporting training and education, known as serious games. In order to investigate those factors that would be important when de-veloping these types of games we conducted a two year study on undergraduate game development students. Seventy four students participated in the study. They were asked for their views on three web-based serious games (Cancer Game, Dar-fur is Dying and Elude). A series of study questionnaires were used to collect data on their playing experience, satisfaction with the games and how well they ac-quired subject specific knowledge after playing them. The students’ views on the games’ entertainment and educational value were mixed. Two games (Cancer Game and Darfur is Dying) were able to increase players’ knowledge as a result of playing them but to differing extents. Suggested improvements to the games fo-cused on providing more appropriate background information on the subject with-in the game, and giving the player better feedback on how to play it. When the re-sults were compared to existing heuristics on game development improvements to the design of the game interface, game mechanics and game playability were iden-tified. The need to incorporate learning outcomes into the games and that they be outcome based are also important pedagogical factors. In this initial study we have suggested a series of heuristics which the authors believe will be important to developers of serious games

Company-university collaboration in applying gamification to learning about insurance

Incorporating gamification into training–learning at universities is hampered by a shortage of quality, adapted educational video games. Large companies are leading in the creation of educational video games for their internal training or to enhance their public image and universities can benefit from collaborating. The aim of this research is to evaluate, both objectively and subjectively, the potential of the simulation game BugaMAP (developed by the MAPFRE Foundation) for university teaching about insurance. To this end, we have assessed both the game itself and the experience of using the game as perceived by 142 economics students from various degree plans and courses at the University of Seville during the 2017–2018 academic year. As a methodology, a checklist of gamification components is used for the objective evaluation, and an opinion questionnaire on the game experience is used for the subjective evaluation. Among the results several findings stand out. One is the high satisfaction of the students with the knowledge acquired using fun and social interaction. Another is that the role of the university professors and the company monitors turns out to be very active and necessary during the game-learning sessions. Finally, in addition to the benefits to the university of occasionally available quality games to accelerate student skills training, the company–university collaboration serves as a trial and refinement of innovative tools for game-based learning

Player agency in interactive narrative: audience, actor & author

The question motivating this review paper is, how can computer-based interactive narrative be used as a constructivist learn- ing activity? The paper proposes that player agency can be used to link interactive narrative to learner agency in constructivist theory, and to classify approaches to interactive narrative. The traditional question driving research in interactive narrative is, ‘how can an in- teractive narrative deal with a high degree of player agency, while maintaining a coherent and well-formed narrative?’ This question derives from an Aristotelian approach to interactive narrative that, as the question shows, is inherently antagonistic to player agency. Within this approach, player agency must be restricted and manip- ulated to maintain the narrative. Two alternative approaches based on Brecht’s Epic Theatre and Boal’s Theatre of the Oppressed are reviewed. If a Boalian approach to interactive narrative is taken the conflict between narrative and player agency dissolves. The question that emerges from this approach is quite different from the traditional question above, and presents a more useful approach to applying in- teractive narrative as a constructivist learning activity

Virtual Reality Games for Motor Rehabilitation

This paper presents a fuzzy logic based method to track user satisfaction without the need for devices to monitor users physiological conditions. User satisfaction is the key to any product’s acceptance; computer applications and video games provide a unique opportunity to provide a tailored environment for each user to better suit their needs. We have implemented a non-adaptive fuzzy logic model of emotion, based on the emotional component of the Fuzzy Logic Adaptive Model of Emotion (FLAME) proposed by El-Nasr, to estimate player emotion in UnrealTournament 2004. In this paper we describe the implementation of this system and present the results of one of several play tests. Our research contradicts the current literature that suggests physiological measurements are needed. We show that it is possible to use a software only method to estimate user emotion

Tailored gamification and serious game framework based on fuzzy logic for saving energy in connected thermostats

Connected thermostats (CTs) often save less energy than predicted because consumers may not know how to use them and may not be engaged in saving energy. Additionally, several models perform contrary to consumers’ expectations and are thus not used the way they are intended to. As a result, CTs save less energy and are underused in households. This paper reviews aspects of gamification and serious games focused on engaging consumers. A gamification and serious games framework is proposed for saving energy that is tailored by a fuzzy logic system to motivate connected thermostat consumers. This intelligent gamification framework can be used to customize the gamification and serious game strategy to each consumer so that fuzzy logic systems can be adapted according to the requirements of each consumer. The framework is designed to teach, engage, and motivate consumers while helping them save electrical energy when using their thermostats. It is described the proposed framework as well as a mockup that can be run on a cellphone. Although this framework is designed to be implemented in CTs, it can be translated to their energy devices in smart homes

Serious Game Evaluation as a Meta-game

Purpose – This paper aims to briefly outline the seamless evaluation approach and its application during an evaluation of ORIENT, a serious game aimed at young adults. Design/methodology/approach – In this paper, the authors detail a unobtrusive, embedded evaluation approach that occurs within the game context, adding value and entertainment to the player experience whilst accumulating useful data for the development team. Findings – The key result from this study was that during the “seamless evaluation” approach, users were unaware that they had been participating in an evaluation, with instruments enhancing rather than detracting from the in-role game experience. Practical implications – This approach, seamless evaluation, was devised in response to player expectations, perspectives and requirements, recognising that in the evaluation of games the whole process of interaction including its evaluation must be enjoyable and fun for the user. Originality/value – Through using seamless evaluation, the authors created an evaluation completely embedded within the “magic circle” of an in-game experience that added value to the user experience whilst also yielding relevant results for the development team

ATITIUDES TOW ARDS COMPUTER GAMES FOR LEARNING AND Pl.A YER ARCHETYPES: AN EXPLORATION OF MEASURES ON PREINTERVENTION PLAYER CHARACTERISTICS FOR SERIOUS GAME-BASED INTERVENTIONS

Serious game-based interventions offer promising health outcome results with the aid of pre-intervention player tailoring and the development of measurements that evaluate pre-intervention player characteristics and subgroups. Video gaming measures can potentially provide helpful tailoring information that discerns individual video gaming preferences which could influence their overall user experience. It is critical that measures that target adolescent video gaming be psychometrically validated. There is a gap in the literature with psychometrically validated measures evaluating adolescent attitudes towards computer games for learning and gaming archetypes. Therefore the aims of this dissertation were to 1) evaluate the psychometric properties (i.e., reliability and validity) of the Attitudes Towards Computer Games for Learning (ATCGFL) adapted from Askar et al.’s Attitudes towards computer-assisted learning (CAL) scale that assessed attitudes towards computer games for learning among a sample of adolescents, and 2) explore and identify the latent class structure (LCA) of the BrainHex measure among the same sample of adolescents. Secondary data analysis of a data set extricated from the “It’s Your Game-Family” study was conducted. Participants were youth aged 11-14 years in Houston, TX, who answered self-guided questionnaires in their home. Exploratory data analysis of the ATCGFL scale was performed. Reliability testing through analyzing internal consistency and test-retest reliability were also performed with the ATCGFL scale. Then, exploratory data analysis of the BrainHex measure was performed through latent class analysis. Results from the exploratory analysis of the ATCGFL scale suggest the adapted attitudes scale supports a 3-factor solution (Satisfaction, Motivation, and Cognition). The 3-factor solution indicates the scale has a mixed quality level of internal consistency because Factor 1 and Factor 2 we have an acceptable level of internal consistency, but Factor 3 has a questionable level of internal consistency. The test-retest reliability of the ATCGFL scale was low, but significant. Last, the latent class analysis of the BrainHex measure results revealed a 3-class model (low probability of gaming element likability gamers, moderate probability of gaming element likability gamers, and high probability of gaming element likability gamers). Overall, these findings suggest the Attitudes Towards Computer Games for Learning scale and BrainHex measure both possess promising utility as measures in tandem with serious game-based interventions, and that further research to conduct confirmatory analysis with both measures is merited

Evaluating 2D and 3D serious games: The significance of student-player characteristics

Τα σοβαρά παιχνίδια (ψηφιακά εκπαιδευτικά παιχνίδια μαθησιακού σκοπού)  κερδίζουν ολοένα και περισσότερο το ενδιαφέρον πολλών μελετητών της μαθησιακής διαδικασίας όλων των εκπαιδευτικών επιπέδων. Σημαντικές πτυχές της εφαρμογής τους στην εκπαίδευση σχετίζονται με τα χαρακτηριστικά τους, τη συνάφειά τους με την παιδαγωγική και τις απόψεις των μαθητών. Αυτή η ποσοτική έρευνα επικεντρώθηκε στα χαρακτηριστικά των φοιτητών παιδαγωγικών τμημάτων (φύλο, επιστημονικό υπόβαθρο, προηγούμενη εμπειρία με παιχνίδια και δεξιότητες ΤΠΕ) και στους παράγοντες που επηρεάζουν και διαμορφώνουν την μαθησιακή εμπειρία τους όταν παίζουν σοβαρά παιχνίδια δύο (2D) και τριών (3D) διαστάσεων, όπως είναι η εμβύθιση, η απόλαυση, η υποκειμενική αντίληψη των μαθητών σχετικά με τη χρησιμότητά τους για τη βελτίωση της γνώσης, την επάρκεια της αφήγησης, τον ρεαλισμό, την ανατροφοδότηση, την οπτικοακουστική επάρκεια, τη συνάφειά τους με τα προσωπικά ενδιαφέροντά τους, τη σαφήνεια του στόχου τους, την ευκολία χρήσης τους, την καταλληλότητα του μαθησιακού υλικού και τα κίνητρα. Συνολικά 542 φοιτητές συμμετείχαν στη μελέτη. Σειρά μη παραμετρικών αναλύσεων (Mann-Whitney U tests και Kruskal-Wallis H tests) αποκάλυψε ότι οι φοιτητές προτίμησαν το 2D παιχνίδι. Το φύλο, το επιστημονικό υπόβαθρο και οι δεξιότητες στις ΤΠΕ δεν είχαν αντίκτυπο στις απόψεις τους. Από την άλλη πλευρά, οι φοιτητές με υψηλή ικανότητα στη χρήση των παιχνιδιών φαίνεται να έχουν καλύτερη μαθησιακή εμπειρία, καθώς οι βαθμολογίες τους στους περισσότερους παράγοντες ήταν υψηλότερες σε σύγκριση με τους φοιτητές με χαμηλότερη ικανότητα. Αυτά τα αποτελέσματα μας οδήγησαν να προσανατολιστούμε στην εξέταση άλλων πτυχών/δεξιοτήτων των φοιτητών πέρα από τα συνήθη δημογραφικά στοιχεία, όπως είναι η αυτορρύθμιση, η χωρική ικανότητα και η νοητική περιστροφή και να ερευνήσουμε τη δυνατότητα των σοβαρών παιχνιδιών να βελτιώσουν αυτές τις δεξιότητες.Serious games are gaining ground in all educational levels. Important aspects of their implementation in education are related to their features, their relevance to pedagogy and the learners' views. This quantitative research focused on characteristics of pedagogical departments’ students (gender, scientific background, prior gaming and ICT skills) and factors are considered to affect and shape their learning experience when playing 2D and 3D serious games (immersion, enjoyment, perceived usefulness-knowledge improvement, perceived narratives' adequacy, perceived realism, perceived feedback's adequacy, perceived audiovisual adequacy, perceived relevance to personal interests, perceived goal's clarity, perceived ease of use, adequacy of the learning material and motivation). A total of 542 university students participated in the study. The data analysis revealed that they preferred the 2D game. Their gender, scientific background and ICT skills did not have an impact on their views. On the other hand, students with high game-playing competence seem to have a better learning experience, as their scores in most of the factors were higher compared to the ones with lower game-playing competence. Those results led us to consider other aspects of learners beyond ordinary demographics such as self-regulation, spatial cognition and mental rotation and to examine the evidence that serious games can improve these skills