Disease control by sulphur induced resistance

As early as the 19th century, Justus von Liebig (1803 – 1873) identified the lack of vitality of soils and non-existent vigour of plants as relevant causes of increased infections of crops by fungal diseases. Organic farming requires alternative strategies for combating pests and diseases. Soil-applied sulphate fertilisation proved to significantly reduce infection rate and severity of crops by fungal diseases. The potential efficacy of socalled Sulphur Induced Resistance (SIR) expressed as a reduction of the disease index ranged from 5–50% and 17–35% in greenhouse and field experiments, respectively. Metabolic pathways involved in SIR imply, for instance, the synthesis of phytoalexins, glutathione, glucosinolates and the release of sulphur-containing volatiles

Potential of line varieties of winter oilseed rape within organic growing technology

Different responses of winter oilseed rape (WOSR) varieties to various growing locality conditions as well as to the intensity of technological inputs are known. Organic grower-need varieties provide sufficient yield even within extensive growing conditions. Ten commonly grown line varieties in the Czech Republic were tested using extensive organic growing technology. These varieties were evaluated for the occurrence of fungal diseases by ripening and seed yield. Some of OSR tested varieties proved to have higher resistance to fungal diseases as well as significantly higher seed yields. Higher resistance against Phoma lingam proved varieties Caracas, Ontario, Liprima, Cando and Manitoba. Higher resistance against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum proved varieties Ontario, Smart and Oponent. The highest yield within a two-year average was produced by the Caracas, Manitoba and Ontario varieties. These varieties are more likely to be recommended for practical organic growing

Expanding distribution of lethal amphibian fungus Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans in Europe

Emerging fungal diseases can drive amphibian species to local extinction. During 2010-2016, we examined 1,921 urodeles in 3 European countries. Presence of the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans at new locations and in urodeles of different species expands the known geographic and host range of the fungus and underpins its imminent threat to biodiversity

A review on impact of physical factors on development of post-harvest fungal diseases of fruits

This review highlights on impact of Relative Humidity (R.H.) and temperature on disease severity of fungal diseases of fruits. At high temperature, low temperature and low humidity, fungal diseases are not developed in fruits

CDC and fungal diseases : why are fungal diseases a public health issue?

Fungal diseases pose an important threat to public health for several reasons.\ue2\u20ac\ua2 Opportunistic infections such as cryptococcosis and aspergillosis are becoming increasingly problematic as the number of people with weakened immune systems rises. This group includes cancer patients, transplant recipients, other people taking medications that weaken the immune system, and people with HIV/AIDS.\ue2\u20ac\ua2 Hospital-associated infections such as candidemia are a leading cause of bloodstream infections in the United States. Advancements and changes in healthcare practices can provide opportunities for new and drug-resistant fungi to emerge in hospital settings.\ue2\u20ac\ua2 Community-acquired infections such as coccidioidomycosis (Valley fever), blastomycosis, and histoplasmosis, are caused by fungi that live in the environment in specific geographic areas. These fungi are sensitive to changes in temperature and moisture, and we don\ue2\u20ac\u2122t know how long-term climate change may be affecting their growth and distribution.Publication date from document properties.CS257980fungal-factsheet-508c.pd

CDC and fungal diseases : why are fungal diseases a public health issue?

Fungal diseases pose an important threat to public health for several reasons.CS 313826-Afungal-factsheet-508c.pdf2020755

CDC and fungal diseases : why are fungal diseases a public health issue?

Fungal diseases pose an important threat to public health for several reasons.\ue2\u20ac\ua2 Opportunistic infections such as cryptococcosis and aspergillosis are becoming increasingly problematic as the number of people with weakened immune systems rises. This group includes cancer patients, transplant recipients, other people taking medications that weaken the immune system, and people with HIV/AIDS.\ue2\u20ac\ua2 Hospital-associated infections such as candidemia are a leading cause of bloodstream infections in the United States. Advancements and changes in healthcare practices can provide opportunities for new and drug-resistant fungi to emerge in hospital settings.\ue2\u20ac\ua2 Community-acquired infections such as coccidioidomycosis (Valley fever), blastomycosis, and histoplasmosis, are caused by fungi that live in the environment in specific geographic areas. These fungi are sensitive to changes in temperature and moisture, and we don\ue2\u20ac\u2122t know how long-term climate change may be affecting their growth and distribution.CS257980Publication date from document properties.fungal-factsheet-508c.pd

Relevance of mycotoxins to product quality and animal health in organic farming

Organic farming is not generally more endangered by the risk of contamination of the products with mycotoxins than other farming systems. Knowledge about the influence of litter beddings on mycotoxin exposure of livestock is rare. Due to restrictions on silage additives and fungicides, organic farms are limited in their possibilities to prevent and to cure fungal diseases. But the organic production system offers several important factors for lowering infections with mycotoxin producing fungi

Effect of alternative seed treatments on seed-borne fungal diseases in tomato

The fungus Didymella lycopersici infects tomato seed and results in great losses before and after germination. To control the disease, seed companies use thiram preventively, although human allergy problems have been reported. For this reason as well as to address needs in organic agriculture, this study has focused on the effects of alternative methods of control. Nitrite solutions and resistance inducers were tested in a growth chamber. Results showed that soaking the seed in a nitrite solution with a concentration of 300mΜ (in citric acid buffer, pH 2) for 10 minutes reduced losses due to low seed germination and disease incidence in the germinated seedlings completely. When applied for longer intervals sodium nitrite proved phytotoxic whereas in shorter intervals it was not as effective. The resistance inducer Tillecur (mustard seed extract) at the rate of 0.05g/ml was as much effective as sodium nitrite inhibiting disease incidence in germinated seedlings. None of the above treatments was significantly different to thiram and they could replace the fungicide in the control of seedborne D. lycopersici in tomato

How will climate change affect oil palm fungal diseases?

Palm oil is a very important commodity. It is added to numerous products and is a biofuel. However, oil palms (OP) are subjected to fungal diseases of which Fusarium wilt and Ganoderma rots are the most important. Considerations of how climate change (CC) affects tropical economic plants are limited and for OP are even fewer. The margin for adapting to higher temperatures and changing humidity is reduced in tropical OP. Land will become increasingly unsuitable for growing OP and the plants will become stressed allowing ingress of fungal diseases. New land will be increasingly suitable where the environmental conditions are less severe than in the tropics. Novel diseases may threaten the crop. Finally, the effect of the major consequences of CC on OP fungal diseases is considered herein with a view to establishing key hypotheses