DeepOnto: A Python Package for Ontology Engineering with Deep Learning

Applying deep learning techniques, particularly language models (LMs), in ontology engineering has raised widespread attention. However, deep learning frameworks like PyTorch and Tensorflow are predominantly developed for Python programming, while widely-used ontology APIs, such as the OWL API and Jena, are primarily Java-based. To facilitate seamless integration of these frameworks and APIs, we present Deeponto, a Python package designed for ontology engineering. The package encompasses a core ontology processing module founded on the widely-recognised and reliable OWL API, encapsulating its fundamental features in a more "Pythonic" manner and extending its capabilities to include other essential components including reasoning, verbalisation, normalisation, projection, and more. Building on this module, Deeponto offers a suite of tools, resources, and algorithms that support various ontology engineering tasks, such as ontology alignment and completion, by harnessing deep learning methodologies, primarily pre-trained LMs. In this paper, we also demonstrate the practical utility of Deeponto through two use-cases: the Digital Health Coaching in Samsung Research UK and the Bio-ML track of the Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative (OAEI).Comment: under review at Semantic Web Journa

‘Prospects’ and ‘promenades’: using 3D-GIS to recreate contemporary visual experiences within English designed landscapes c.1550-1660

During the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, the elite amongst contemporary society had the wealth and status to create English designed landscapes and artificially-organise them around a variety of visual experiences. These experiences included 'prospects', or landscape views, which contemporaries admired either from static vantage points or along 'promenades' involving movement. In 1624, Henry Wotton theorised how creating visual experiences within these landscapes satisfied the "usurping" sense of sight through the "Lordship of the Feete [and] likewise of the Eye". These visual experiences not only influenced the composition of separate estates but also reflected the landowners' attitudes towards the landscape. However, previous research rarely determined the characteristics of 'prospects' and 'promenades' at specific sites. One significant hindrance is the destruction and modernisation of designed landscapes and the subsequent bias towards renowned or grander sites in current research. The degradation of sites affects their appearance, our understanding of their development and our comprehension of how contemporaries experienced them. Therefore, this thesis utilised a multidisciplinary approach and a digital methodology to provide an innovative yet non-invasive solution. By combining the capabilities of CAD and GIS, 3D-GIS was used to recreate certain designed landscapes within their intended geographical and historical context. The experiences within these designed landscapes were then recreated using viewshed analysis, which estimates the visibility of specific 'prospects', and animation technology, for capturing what contemporaries along particular 'promenades' observed. These results were thus interpreted using an adaptation of phenomenology and reception theory. This research has provided fresh insight into contemporary perceptions within individual designed landscapes and the perspectives of the landowners who created them. 3D-GIS has been proven to contribute towards the study of designed landscapes but also has the potential to inspire research about other historic landscapes

Shropshire Deer Parks c.1500 - c.1914 Recreation, Status and Husbandry

This study sets out to explore the spatial development, changing use and survival of the post-medieval deer park in Shropshire. In so doing, it is hoped to add to and complement a body of research that has been assembled for other parts of the country, in the belief that individual regional studies can throw light on the wider national picture. Previous research has largely neglected the post-medieval period; this thesis aims to fill that gap. Following the Norman Conquest, Shropshire was a semi-autonomous region governed by barons appointed by the king, and subsequently by the Council of the Marches. This study examines regional differences - physical, political, social and economic - but also highlights the impact of selected national events on local circumstances, and those points at which local circumstances achieved national significance. At the centre of the discussion lies the survival of the deer park, and the extent to which it was dependent on outside events or local conditions. The remit of the thesis covers the period c.1500 - c.1900. However, the opening chapter concerns the Middle Ages, providing the context essential to an understanding of the proliferation of deer parks following the Norman Conquest, which reached a peak in the thirteenth century. It serves to introduce topics that are pursued throughout subsequent chapters: the changing nature of hunting, the status conferred by the ownership of a deer park, the appearance of a non-aristocratic professional landowner, and a developing aesthetic awareness of the deer park through the centuries that led to spatial changes in its appreciation and location. Maps, supported by documentary evidence, are used as a tool in tracing the statistics of deer park survival and numbers are recorded and analysed, in order to compare trends that are local with those that are national

The arboriculture of West Country parks and gardens, 1660-1730

This investigation seeks to determine the appearance of West Country designed landscapes in the post-Restoration period, with particular emphasis on the use oftrees at each site. It also examines how earlier garden designs were adapted to reflect the new fashions of the late 16th and early 17th centuries and studies the physical evidence remaining in the field today. Contemporary illustrations (including 63 engravings by Kip and Knyff), garden treatises and other maps and documents are analysed for information on tree use. These sources, as well as fieldwork at six sites in Bristol and Gloucestershire, reveal that most West Country gardens were not created in the Franco-Dutch Grand Manner but were more restrained and simple. Their development was not only influenced by' fashion but by many other factors, including the physical nature ofthe site, the status of the owner and the meaning he wished to .give to his landscape. The main motive for tree-planting was to make a profit from wood and timber but trees were also used extensively in ornamental features (avenues, groves, rows and woods) which formed the skeleton on which the rest ofthe designed landscape was based. Much more survives ofpost-Restoration planting - in the form of living and dead trees, planting pits and other earthworks - than previously thought. /EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Gardens of the Restoration: a new approach to establishing the Englishness of gardens in England 1660-1680

This thesis investigates whether an English character can be identified in garden designin the twenty years after the Restoration in England, 1660-1680. I argue that the influence of France and the Netherlands on English garden design before 1680 is not as dominant as previously thought1and that landowners returning from exile in 1660 did not necessarily all build gardens inspired by their experience of continental gardens. Four case studies are used to test this idea. The thesis puts forwarda new approach to identifying English garden style. By analyzing contemporary garden treatises, writings and visual evidence of engravings, paintings and estate maps, the principles, characteristics and features of English, French and Dutch garden design at this time are identified. This establishesa meansby which the extent of French, Dutch or English influence on gardens can be assessed. The hypothesis is that in the gardens of the period 1660-1680 there is a discernable Englishcharacter,which can be identified in individual gardens by analysing documentary and visual evidence and by applying the analysisdeveloped in chapter four, to identify the characteristics of English, French and Dutch gardens. This suggests that in the cases studied, traditional English features continued to be incorporated into garden design andthe influence of continental design principles was limited

Myth In Reception: Insights From Stourhead Gardens

The focus of my thesis is the reception of classical myth in Georgian Britain as exemplified by responses to the garden imagery at Stourhead, Wiltshire. Previous explanations have tended to the view that the gardens were designed to recapitulate Virgil’s Aeneid. However, the garden owner, Henry Hoare II, left no record to substantiate this, or any other theme, and it is not mentioned in the many extant visitor accounts from the eighteenth and early-nineteenth centuries. My approach to understanding the garden began with the systematic collection of information on the garden’s content and evolution. This endeavour yielded more than 20 further visitor reports, as well as visual and literary sources not considered in previous secondary accounts. This research has shown that the garden included a number of artefacts unknown to previous theorists. It has also shown that the true provenance and acquisition of extant garden elements is often different to that listed in the Stourhead secondary literature. I conclude that visitor reception of the gardens yields highly idiosyncratic interpretation, the emotional and cognitive content of which was largely determined by information obtained from published literature, garden guides and fellow visitors. A strong further influence on the interpretation of the gardens by some visitors was familiarity with the Roman and wider Italian influences on the garden content. I have especially considered visitor experience of the Grand Tour in this context. I propose that visits to Stourhead elicited emotional and cognitive responses from visitors. An effect of encountering the garden edifices and artefacts was to prompt memories, particularly of prior visits to the original Roman or Italian buildings and artefacts, but also of copies encountered in English landscape gardens and elsewhere

Revival and relevance: The walled kitchen garden in 21st century public history

Trelissick walled kitchen garden currently lies dormant at the heart of a thriving National Trust property on the outskirts of Truro in Cornwall. Created in the 18th century, this highly productive space fed and adorned the estate throughout its ever-evolving lifespan and numerous proprietors. The mid-20th century saw its decline and enforced state of redundancy, mirroring the fate met by many similar sites across the nation. The site now stands on the brink of regeneration. This thesis locates the public historic walled garden within the wider historiography and seeks to present a framework in which the National Trust can present the walled kitchen garden to a 21st century audience, one that respects its historic origins yet responds to the needs and wants of its visitors, all the while retaining relevance. Despite the development of wider historical discourse surrounding concepts of public history, history from below and new museology, the discipline of garden history has mostly fixated its gaze upon conventional elitist narratives which gravitate towards the 18th century British landscape movement. This thesis explores the limitations of such an approach, as well as the means by which garden history can reassess its dependence upon hegemonic discourse, thereby becoming more responsive and future oriented, embracing notions of co-curatorship and dialogue that are at the heart of alternative methodological perspectives such as new museology, public history and history from below. Thus, Trelissick’s walled garden has the potential to embody the manifestation of garden history – often regarded as a purely scholarly discipline – in historic gardens themselves

Urban society and the English Revolution : the archaeology of the new Jerusalem

PhD ThesisThe English Revolution has long been a defining subject of English historiography, with a large and varied literature that reflects continuing engagement with the central themes of civil conflict, and deep-rooted social, political and religious change. By contrast, this period has failed to catch the imagination of archaeologists. This research seeks to understand the world of the English Revolution through its material expression in English towns. Identifying the material expressions of the period is central to developing an archaeological understanding of the period. The clearest material expressions are found, in the fortifications that were built to protect towns, the destruction that was wrought on towns and in the reconstruction of the material world of English towns. Towns, like any other artefact, have their meanings. These meanings are multivalent and ever shifting, defined by the interaction of their material fabric and those who experience it. As these meanings change over time, they can be traced through the structures and artefacts of the town, and through the myths and legends that accrete on them. Understanding the interactions of material, myth and memory allows archaeologists to understand the true meaning of the urban built environment to generate a deeper and more nuanced understanding of the nature of the English urban culture of the period. Towns were fundamental to the English imagination as much as they were economically, politically or socially important. The English Revolution sits at the heart of the accepted conception of historical archaeology, but has been curiously neglected by historical archaeologists. The cultural conflict of this period embodies the themes that are central to historical archaeology, and nowhere is this more apparent than in urban culture

Making inflexible investment decisions with incomplete information

AbstractThis paper presents an application of the Principle of Maximum Entropy to business investment decision making under uncertainty. This principle is derived explicitly from a set of axioms for rational inference, one of these axioms being the weak form rational expectations hypothesis (REH): that agents use all the available information efficiently. This set of assumptions are weaker than those embedded in the strong REH. It is demonstrated that the Maxent algorithm leads to rotional decision solutions when the information set available to agents is very limited-so limited that there is no orthodox solution to the problem. Thus, we obtain a solution without the extreme informational assumptions necessary to obtain a strong REH solution