Jak traktować niepowodzenie gospodarcze? Doświadczenia europejskie

Przedmiotem rozważań autorki jest przedstawienie dwóch obszarów doświadczeń europejskich. Pierwszego, stanowiącego przegląd dotychczasowych systemów wczesnego ostrzegania i drugiego, wskazującego obszar interwencji publicznej zorientowanej na tworzenie mechanizmów ostrzegających przed upadkiem i przełamywanie złej opinii towarzyszącej przedsiębiorcom „obciążonym” wcześniejszym niepowodzeniem.Udostępnienie publikacji Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego finansowane w ramach projektu „Doskonałość naukowa kluczem do doskonałości kształcenia”. Projekt realizowany jest ze środków Europejskiego Funduszu Społecznego w ramach Programu Operacyjnego Wiedza Edukacja Rozwój; nr umowy: POWER.03.05.00-00-Z092/17-00. Publikacja dofinansowana przez Ministerstwo Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego (projekt nr 1 H02D 055 30: „Symptomy upadku małej firmy. Konsekwencje społeczno-gospodarcze. Polityka przeciwdziałania”

Wild cards: surveying extreme change

A intensificação da complexidade socioeconómica, amplificada pela globalização, limita a previsibilidade das acções dos agentes económicos, aumentando a incerteza quanto ao futuro. Ao longo dos anos destaca-se a contribuição da análise prospectiva para um processo sistemático de antecipação do que o futuro pode reservar. O exame das forças que impelem a evolução da economia, da tecnologia e de outras dimensões da sociedade permitido pela prospectiva, bem como a construção de uma melhor percepção quanto a oportunidades e ameaças na área da política pública e da gestão empresarial, garantem a esta disciplina uma notoriedade num contexto actual marcado por volatilidade, ambiguidade e incerteza. No seio desta temática mantém-se ainda em desenvolvimento a categoria de mudança extrema e súbita. Os conceitos que visam abordar eventos de baixa probabilidade e alto impacto, de natureza “disruptiva” e com o potencial de redefinir as “regras do jogo”, são ainda recentes e passíveis de aprofundamento. Por exemplo, noções como “wild cards” carecem ainda de definição precisa e perímetro consensual. O presente estudo debruça-se sobre este objecto de estudo, os eventos-ruptura habitualmente descritos como “wild cards”. A abordagem é de “segunda ordem”, isto é, esta dissertação visa o estudo da teorização do conceito de “wild card”. Para esse fim, foi escolhida uma metodologia integrada combinando elementos quantitativos (através de uma análise bibliométrica) e qualitativos (com levantamento de opinião de especialistas inquéritos a especialistas nacionais e internacionais). Na base deste trabalho de revisão de literatura e de contacto com analistas esta dissertação procura construir uma síntese crítica e criativa do estado da arte e especificar um conjunto de características relevantes para a consideração e adaptação face a “wild cards”.Socio-economic complexity, quickened by technical change, amplified by globalisation, limits the prediction powers of agents’ actions and increases the need to deal with uncertainty about the future. For many years foresight has been positioned has having a central relevance in the present context of turmoil and insecurity, especially when disruptions and trend-breaking events are of the essence. Within the subject-area of foresight, however, the concept of extreme sudden change remains still quite unclear. Wild cards, or “high impact”/“low-probability” events, with the potential to redefine the “rules of the game” are a concept worth revisiting given its novelty in the literature and analytical importance in contemporary volatile environments. This thesis focuses on the role and evolution of the concept of wild card in foresight literature. Our main objective is to provide an account of the state of the art of wild card research. To this end, the methodological approach deployed uses both quantitative data (bibliometric analysis of research papers) and qualitative information (constructivist method based on interviews with experts) as a way of achieving robust insight on what wild cards are as a concept and how they are evolving in the real world. This two-pronged approach allowed for the validation of the findings of the systematic survey of the literature through the lens of the international researchers and practitioners that we were able to enquire. This methodology is unlike any other we have been able to detect in the extant literature, and may confer this effort a degree of novelty. As far as substantive contributions are concerned, this thesis sought to better distil a definition of the concept of wild card within a foresight’s framework, study its interrelations with other phenomena of change, and also look into the anticipation and adaptation possibilities when dealing with wild cards

Factors Influencing Customer Satisfaction towards E-shopping in Malaysia

Online shopping or e-shopping has changed the world of business and quite a few people have decided to work with these features. What their primary concerns precisely and the responses from the globalisation are the competency of incorporation while doing their businesses. E-shopping has also increased substantially in Malaysia in recent years. The rapid increase in the e-commerce industry in Malaysia has created the demand to emphasize on how to increase customer satisfaction while operating in the e-retailing environment. It is very important that customers are satisfied with the website, or else, they would not return. Therefore, a crucial fact to look into is that companies must ensure that their customers are satisfied with their purchases that are really essential from the ecommerce’s point of view. With is in mind, this study aimed at investigating customer satisfaction towards e-shopping in Malaysia. A total of 400 questionnaires were distributed among students randomly selected from various public and private universities located within Klang valley area. Total 369 questionnaires were returned, out of which 341 questionnaires were found usable for further analysis. Finally, SEM was employed to test the hypotheses. This study found that customer satisfaction towards e-shopping in Malaysia is to a great extent influenced by ease of use, trust, design of the website, online security and e-service quality. Finally, recommendations and future study direction is provided. Keywords: E-shopping, Customer satisfaction, Trust, Online security, E-service quality, Malaysia