Knowledge Reuse for Customization: Metamodels in an Open Design Community for 3d Printing

Theories of knowledge reuse posit two distinct processes: reuse for replication and reuse for innovation. We identify another distinct process, reuse for customization. Reuse for customization is a process in which designers manipulate the parameters of metamodels to produce models that fulfill their personal needs. We test hypotheses about reuse for customization in Thingiverse, a community of designers that shares files for three-dimensional printing. 3D metamodels are reused more often than the 3D models they generate. The reuse of metamodels is amplified when the metamodels are created by designers with greater community experience. Metamodels make the community's design knowledge available for reuse for customization-or further extension of the metamodels, a kind of reuse for innovation

Design and Planning of Manufacturing Networks for Mass Customisation and Personalisation: Challenges and Outlook

AbstractManufacturers and service providers are called to design, plan and operate globalized manufacturing networks, addressing to challenges such as ever-decreasing lifecycles and increased product complexity. These factors, caused primarily by mass customisation and demand volatility, generate a number of issues related to the design and planning of manufacturing systems and networks, which are not holistically tackled in industrial and academic practices. The mapping of production performance requirements to process and production planning requires automated closed-loop control systems, which current systems fail to deliver. Technology-based business approaches are an enabler for increased enterprise performance. Towards that end, the issues discussed in this paper focus on challenges in the design and planning of manufacturing networks in a mass customization and personalization landscape. The development of methods and tools for supporting the dynamic configuration and optimal routing of manufacturing networks and facilities under cost, time, complexity and environmental constraints to support product-service personalization are promoted

Towards the Resilient Operator 5.0: The Future of Work in Smart Resilient Manufacturing Systems

Most recently, the COVID-19 pandemic has shown industries all around the world that their current manufacturing systems are not as resilient as expected and therefore many are failing. The workforce is the most agile and flexible manufacturing resource and simultaneously the most fragile one due to its humanity. By making human operators more resilient against a range of factors affecting their work and workplaces, enterprises can make their manufacturing systems more resilient. This paper introduces "The Resilient Operator 5.0" concept, based on human operator resilience and human-machine systems\u27 resilience, providing a vision for the future of work in smart resilient manufacturing systems in the emerging Industry 5.0 hallmark. It suggests how to achieve appropriate smart manufacturing systems\u27 resilience from a human-centric perspective through the means of the Operator 4.0 typology and its related technical solutions

Foresighted digital twin for situational agent selection in production control

As intelligent Data Acquisition and Analysis in Manufacturing nears its apex, a new era of Digital Twins is dawning. Foresighted Digital Twins enable short- to medium-term system behavior predictions to infer optimal production operation strategies. Creating up-to-the-minute Digital Twins requires both the availability of real-time data and its incorporation and serve as a stepping-stone into developing unprecedented forms of production control. Consequently, we regard a new concept of Digital Twins that includes foresight, thereby enabling situational selection of production control agents. One critical element for adequate system predictions is human behavior as it is neither rule-based nor deterministic, which we therefore model applying Reinforcement Learning. Owing to these ever-changing circumstances, rigid operation strategies crucially restrain reactions, as opposed to circumstantial control strategies that hence can outperform traditional approaches. Building on enhanced foresights we show the superiority of this approach and present strategies for improved situational agent selection

Exploring the digital servitization capabilities of the firm

Digital servitization is a transition process through which manufacturing firms move from offering products to offering integrated solutions between products, services, and digital technologies. Digital servitization consists of one of the main paradigm changes that manufacturing firms are facing in the current rise of the fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0). In this regard, many studies are exploring the capabilities that firms must develop to successfully carry out this transition. However, important research gaps remain, among which stand out: I) How firms can create value through their digital servitization capabilities; II) Which digitial servitization capabilities are required for the offering of smart services and; III) How firms can use their digital servitization capabilities to create value in the different trajectories of the digital servitization paradigm. To cover these gaps, this thesis is organized into three articles. Article I proposes a theoretical framework of four core digital servitization capabilities (Integration, Provision, Orchestration, and Manufacturing), conducts a multiple case study, and applies the fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) to identify configurations of these capabilities for value creation. Article II uses this same framework to identify how firms build digital servitization capabilities for the successful offering of smart services. This is done by applying a mixed-method approach, combining the emerging quantitative technique Necessary Conditions Analysis (NCA) with a qualitative multiple case study. Article III uses the framework to explore how firms following different digital servitization trajectories can configure their capabilities to create value. To do so, a cluster analysis is applied, followed by the fsQCA. Together, the results of the three articles demonstrate that integration and manufacturing capabilities, as well as their interaction, is the basis of value creation through digital servitization. Provision and orchestration capabilities are only secondary in this regard, but they have multiple interchangeable elements that confer different options for firms to configure them in order to create value.A servitização digital consiste em um processo de transição, através do qual firmas de setores industriais transitam da oferta de produtos para a oferta de soluções integradas entre produtos, serviços e tecnologias digitais. O fenômeno da servitização digital está altamente associado à atual quarta revolução industrial (Indústria 4.0), iniciada a partir do advento de tecnologias digitais diruptivas, como a Internet das Coisas, Computação em Nuvem, Análise de Big Data, Aprendizado de Máquina e Inteligência Artificial. Tais tecnologias têm imposto novas formas de produção e de criação de valor às firmas industriais, dentre as quais a servitização digital se destaca como uma das principais mudanças de paradigma enfrentadas. Por esta razão, muitos estudos tem explorado as capacidades (conjuntos de conhecimentos, recursos, rotinas e habilidades) que as firmas precisam desenvolver para transitarem com sucesso para servitização digital. Porém, importantes lacunas de pesquisa permanecem, dentre as quais se destacam: I) Como as capacidades de servitização digital criam valor para firma; II) Quais capacidades de servitização digital são necessárias para a oferta de serviços inteligentes e; III) Como as firmas usam suas capacidades de servitização digital para criarem valor nas diferentes trajetórias do paradigma da servitização digital. Com o objetivo de preencher estas lacunas, a presente tese propõe-se a responder à seguinte pergunta de pesquisa: Como as firmas utilizam suas capacidades de servitização digital para criarem valor? Para tanto, a tese foi estruturada em três artigos. O Artigo I – Explorando Configurações de Capacidades de Servitização Digital para Criação de Valor, propõe um modelo teórico de quatro capacidades centrais de servitização digital da firma (Integração, Provisão, Orquestração e Manufatura), conduz um estudo de múltiplos casos, e aplica a Análise Comparativa Qualitativa de Conjuntos Fuzzy (do inglês: Fuzzy-Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis, fsQCA) para identificar configurações dessas capacidades que criam valor. Os resultados mostram que as firmas podem criar valor através de duas configurações de capacidades: integração, provisão e manufatura (CI*CP*CM), ou integração, orquestração e manufatura (CI*CO*CM). O Artigo II – Construindo Capacidades de Servitização Digital para a Oferta de Serviços Inteligentes, utiliza o mesmo modelo de capacidades proposto no Artigo I, e aplica o método misto, combinando a técnica quantitativa emergente Análise de Condições Necessárias (do inglês: Necessary Conditions Analysis, NCA) com um estudo qualitativo de múltiplos 7 casos. Os resultados identificam que empresas de setores industriais seguem três etapas na construção de capacidades de servitização digital visando a oferta de serviços inteligentes: Implementação, Otimização e Customização. O Artigo III – Configurando as Capacidades de Servitização Digital da Firma para Criação de Valor em Diferentes Trajetórias, também utiliza o modelo de capacidades desenvolvido no Artigo I, conduz uma análise de cluster para identificar as trajetórias de servitização digital das firmas, e aplica o fsQCA para identificar as configurações de capacidades que resultam em criação de valor em cada trajetória. Os resultados demonstram que as firmas seguem quatro trajetórias de servitização digital (Tradicional, Digitalização, Servitização e Convergência), e que, em cada trajetória, diferentes configurações de capacidades são utilizadas para criação de valor. Juntos, os três artigos da tese demonstram que as capacidades de integração e de manufatura, bem como a interação entre elas, é a base da criação de valor através da servitização digital. As capacidades de provisão e de orquestração possuem apenas um papel secundário neste sentido, porém, a intercambialidade entre seus elementos confere diferentes opções para as firmas configurá-las a fim de criarem valor

Developing Measures of Automation Implementation in Indian Industries

In the international business market, Automation has increased the competence of Indian Industry by making them fast, error free and providing them with greater customization option. This paper performs the review of automation and attempts to develop a framework for the implementation of automation by validating “IMPLAUT” (IMPLementing AUTomation) for Indian Industries. An exhaustive literature survey proceeded by simple meta-analysis have been carried out to find out various research gaps and further to address these gaps few objectives of this research study have been explored. For developing model for automation, the different variables are explored using ‘Churchill’s approach’ as may be applicable to Indian industrial scenario. It is evident from the model of “IMPLAUT” that automation will lead to the rise of competence in Indian industry provided the various input and output model suggested by the generic model are to be kept in view. It has been observed that the application of “IMPLAUT” reduces the manufacturing and downtime therefore increasing the overall efficiency of the industry. So “IMPLAUT” can be further researched and must be considered as an emerging field for research in engineering discipline. Keywords: Automation, IMPLAUT, classification schemes, Meta analysis, dimension

Systematic review of Industry 5.0 from main aspects to the execution status

Purpose: The main aim of this study is to review different aspects of Industry 5.0 (I5.0) to foster this novel aspect of industrial sustainability. The study makes a comprehensive study to explore the implementation status of I5.0 in industries, key technologies, adoption level in different nations, barriers to I5.0 adoption together with mitigation actions. Methodology: To do a systematic study of the literature authors have used preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) methodology to extract articles related to the field of the study. Findings: It has been found that academic literature on the I5.0 is continuously growing as the wheel of time is running. Most of the studies on I5.0 are conceptual-based, and manufacturing and medical industries are the flag bearer in the adoption of this novel aspect. Further, due to I5.0's infancy, many organizations face difficulty to adopt the same due to financial burden, resistive nature, a well-designed standard for cyber-physical systems, and an effective mechanism for human-robot collaboration. Further study also provides avenues for future research in terms of the identification of collaborative mechanisms between machines and wells, the establishment of different standards for comparison, development of I5.0-enabled models for different industrial domains. The study also provides concrete measures for mapping the I5.0 technologies with Sustainable development goals (SDGs). Originality: The study is of the first kind that reviews different facets of I5.0in conjunction with Kazien’s measures along with application areas and provides avenues for future research to improve an organization's environmental and social sustainability

Growing with smart products:Why customization capabilities matter for manufacturing firms

Manufacturing firms that engage in digital transformation develop increasingly smarter versions of their tangible products to reinvigorate growth in shrinking markets. However, they often struggle with translating their investments in digitalization capabilities into actual returns in the form of sales growth. The associated technological advantages often remain unexploited, and digital product innovations frequently fail. Building on the resource-based view of the firm and the demand-side perspective, we theorize that there is a need for complementary capabilities that integrate heterogeneous customer demands, thus, allowing firms to capture more value from smart products. We empirically investigate the mediating role of smart customization capability on the relationship between digitalization capabilities and sales growth. Moreover, we argue that this relationship is further strengthened by integrating information and data across sales and service channels (i.e., channel integration). We test and find support for our hypotheses based on a dataset comprising survey and archival data of 136 smart product manufacturers in Austria, Germany, Switzerland, and the United States. In doing so, we enhance the theoretical understanding of resource and capability configurations needed for digital transformation in general and smart product success in particular. We further update the traditional concept of mass customization by showing how customization with smart products helps manufacturing firms provide personalized solutions at scale