Exploration of Adaptive Beaconing for Efficient Intervehicle Safety Communication

In the future intervehicle communication will make driving safer, easier, and more comfortable. As a cornerstone of the system, vehicles need to be aware of other vehicles in the vicinity. This cooperative awareness is achieved by beaconing, the exchange of periodic single-hop broadcast messages that include data on the status of a vehicle. While the concept of beaconing has been developed in the first phase of research on VANETs, recent studies have revealed limitations with respect to network performance. Obviously, the frequency of beacon messages directly translates into accuracy of cooperative awareness and thus traffic safety. There is an indisputable trade-off between required bandwidth and achieved accuracy. In this work we analyze this trade-off from different perspectives considering the consequences for safety applications. As a solution to the problem of overloading the channel, we propose to control the offered load by adjusting the beacon frequency dynamically to the current traffic situation while maintaining appropriate accuracy. To find an optimal adaptation, we elaborate on several options that arise when determining the beacon frequency. As a result, we propose situation-adaptive beaconing. It depends on the vehicle's own movement and the movement of surrounding vehicles, macroscopic aspects like the current vehicle density, or microscopic aspects

Towards Scalable Beaconing in VANETs

Beaconing is envisioned to build a cooperative awareness in future intelligent vehicles, from which many ITS applications can draw their inputs. The problem of scalability has received ample attention over the past years and is primarily approached using power control methods. We reason power control alone will not be sufficient if we are to meet application requirements; the rate at which beacons are generated must also be controlled. Ultimately, adaptive approaches based on actual channel and traffic state can tune MAC and beaconing properties to optimal values in the dynamic VANET environment

Beaconing Approaches in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks: A Survey

A Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET) is a type of wireless ad hoc network that facilitates ubiquitous connectivity between vehicles in the absence of fixed infrastructure. Beaconing approaches is an important research challenge in high mobility vehicular networks with enabling safety applications. In this article, we perform a survey and a comparative study of state-of-the-art adaptive beaconing approaches in VANET, that explores the main advantages and drawbacks behind their design. The survey part of the paper presents a review of existing adaptive beaconing approaches such as adaptive beacon transmission power, beacon rate adaptation, contention window size adjustment and Hybrid adaptation beaconing techniques. The comparative study of the paper compares the representatives of adaptive beaconing approaches in terms of their objective of study, summary of their study, the utilized simulator and the type of vehicular scenario. 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Beaconing in a highway scenario: Vulnerable vehicles problem

Periodic exchange of short status messages using IEEE 802.11p also referred to as beaconing is a core inter-vehicle communication mode enabling novel cooperative safety applications. A beaconing in the platoon of vehicles moving on a highway is studied as one of the popular practical scenarios. This paper demonstrates that when the inter-arrival times of beacons are small and under certain medium access control protocol parameters, some vehicles in the platoon may suffer from serious performance degradation. The condition when such situation takes place is studied and recommendations are given on a proper choice of IEEE 802.11p parameters

The Study "Insightroads: Exploration of Data Dissemination Techniques for Ensuring Safety in Vanets"

Vehicle Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) are ad hoc networks created for Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) in which vehicles communicate with one another to improve driving effectiveness and traffic safety without depending on a centralised infrastructure. To increase road safety, efficiency, and comfort, these networks allow vehicles to communicate data via sensors, GPS, and communication systems. By assuring accurate message transmission and lowering delivery delays, data dissemination mechanisms used in VANETs serve to further improve driver and passenger safety, productivity, and comfort. The existing literature on Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) includes a variety of proposed mechanisms for data dissemination. This paper aims to conduct literature review to examine the data dissemination techniques for safety applications in VANETs

A Cluster Based Architecture for Intersection Collision Avoidance Using Heterogeneous Networks

Abstract-With the popularity of wireless devices, the possibility of implementing vehicular safety applications has been studied for years in the context of vehicular ad-hoc networks. Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) is designed to serve the needs of vehicular safety applications. However, DSRC does not offer good enough coverage and range around intersections in urban areas for certain applications such as intersection collision avoidance. Considering these drawbacks, LTE, an advanced cellular communication technology, is proposed as an alternative to DSRC. One problem is LTE bandwidth capability to support regularly transmitted cooperative awareness messages. In this paper, we propose a cluster based architecture using both Wi-Fi and LTE channels to accomplish this task. In our architecture, Wi-Fi peer to peer channels are used for cluster formation while LTE channels are used for transmitting Cooperative Awareness Messages (CAMs). A clustering algorithm specifically designed for intersection collision avoidance service is proposed in this paper. In addition, a channel allocation algorithm is applied to reduce the interference of Wi-Fi channels between different clusters. Simulations show that CAM traffic can be efficiently supported in this architecture

A Game Theory Approach for Congestion Control in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

The continuous transfer of messages in vehicular ad hoc networks leads to a heavy network traffic load. This causes congestion in the wireless channel which degrades the reliability of the network and significantly affects the Quality of Service (QoS) parameters such as packet loss, throughput and average delay. Therefore, it is vital to adapt the transmitting data rates in a way that ensure that acceptable performance is achieved and that there is reliable communication of information between vehicles in smart cities. This means the information will be delivered in a timely manner to the drivers, which in turn allows implementation of efficient solutions for improved mobility and comfort in intelligent transportation systems. In this paper, congestion control in the communication channel has been formulated as a non-cooperative game approach and the vehicles act as players in the game to request a high data rate in a selfish way. The solution of the optimal game is presented by using Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions and Lagrange multipliers. Simulation results show that the proposed method improves network efficiency in the presence of congestion by an overall average of 50.40%, 49.37%, 58.39% and 36.66% in terms of throughput, average delay, number of lost packets and total channel busy time as compared to Carrier-Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance mechanism