Stable and Efficient Sparse Recovery for Machine Learning and Wireless Communication

Recent theoretical study shows that the sparsest solution to an underdetermined linear system is unique, provided the solution vector is sufficiently sparse, and the operator matrix has sufficiently incoherent column vectors. In addition, efficient algorithms have been discovered to find such solutions. This intriguing result opens a new door for many potential applications. In this thesis, we study the design of a class of greedy algorithms that are extremely efficient, e.g., Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP). These greedy algorithms suffer from a stability issue that the greedy selection approach always make locally optimal decisions, thereby easily biasing and mistaking the solutions in particular under data noise. We propose a solution approach that in designing greedy algorithms, new constraints can be devised by leveraging application-specific insights and incorporated into the algorithms. Given that sparse recovery problems by definition are underdetermined, introducing additional constraints can significantly improve the stability of greedy algorithms, yet retain their efficiency.Engineering and Applied Science

Authentication and Message Integrity Verification without Secrets

Embedding network capabilities in a plethora of new devices and infrastructures--the Internet-of-Things, vehicular and aviation networks, the critical national infrastructure, industrial plants--are dramatically transforming the modern way of living. The rapid deployment pace of these emerging applications has brought unprecedented security challenges related to data confidentiality, user privacy, and critical infrastructure availability. A significant portion of these threats is attributed to the broadcast nature of the wireless medium, which exposes systems to easy-to-launch passive and active attacks. The slow security standards rollout combined with the ever-shrinking time-to-market, the device heterogeneity and the lack of user-friendly input interfaces (screen, keyboard, etc.) only exacerbate the security challenges. In this dissertation, we address the fundamental problem of trust establishment in the context of emerging network applications. We present techniques integrating physical layer properties with cryptographic primitives to guarantee message integrity and bootstrap initial trust without relying on any prior secrets. We present the ``helper'' security paradigm in which security is outsourced to one or more dedicated devices to allow for the scalable pairing of off-the-shelf heterogeneous devices. In addition, we present our work on message integrity verification of navigation information for aircrafts (speed, location, and heading) by exploiting the Doppler spread of the wireless channel. Finally, we develop a secure and fast voting technique for distributed networks which allows fast coordination of a group of devices without the overhead of messaging

Analysis and Design of Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) Techniques for Next Generation Wireless Communication Systems

The current surge in wireless connectivity, anticipated to amplify significantly in future wireless technologies, brings a new wave of users. Given the impracticality of an endlessly expanding bandwidth, there’s a pressing need for communication techniques that efficiently serve this burgeoning user base with limited resources. Multiple Access (MA) techniques, notably Orthogonal Multiple Access (OMA), have long addressed bandwidth constraints. However, with escalating user numbers, OMA’s orthogonality becomes limiting for emerging wireless technologies. Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA), employing superposition coding, serves more users within the same bandwidth as OMA by allocating different power levels to users whose signals can then be detected using the gap between them, thus offering superior spectral efficiency and massive connectivity. This thesis examines the integration of NOMA techniques with cooperative relaying, EXtrinsic Information Transfer (EXIT) chart analysis, and deep learning for enhancing 6G and beyond communication systems. The adopted methodology aims to optimize the systems’ performance, spanning from bit-error rate (BER) versus signal to noise ratio (SNR) to overall system efficiency and data rates. The primary focus of this thesis is the investigation of the integration of NOMA with cooperative relaying, EXIT chart analysis, and deep learning techniques. In the cooperative relaying context, NOMA notably improved diversity gains, thereby proving the superiority of combining NOMA with cooperative relaying over just NOMA. With EXIT chart analysis, NOMA achieved low BER at mid-range SNR as well as achieved optimal user fairness in the power allocation stage. Additionally, employing a trained neural network enhanced signal detection for NOMA in the deep learning scenario, thereby producing a simpler signal detection for NOMA which addresses NOMAs’ complex receiver problem

You have been warned: Abusing 5G's Warning and Emergency Systems

The Public Warning System (PWS) is an essential part of cellular networks and a country's civil protection. Warnings can notify users of hazardous events (e.g., floods, earthquakes) and crucial national matters that require immediate attention. PWS attacks disseminating fake warnings or concealing precarious events can have a serious impact, causing fraud, panic, physical harm, or unrest to users within an affected area. In this work, we conduct the first comprehensive investigation of PWS security in 5G networks. We demonstrate five practical attacks that may impact the security of 5G-based Commercial Mobile Alert System (CMAS) as well as Earthquake and Tsunami Warning System (ETWS) alerts. Additional to identifying the vulnerabilities, we investigate two PWS spoofing and three PWS suppression attacks, with or without a man-in-the-middle (MitM) attacker. We discover that MitM-based attacks have more severe impact than their non-MitM counterparts. Our PWS barring attack is an effective technique to eliminate legitimate warning messages. We perform a rigorous analysis of the roaming aspect of the PWS, incl. its potentially secure version, and report the implications of our attacks on other emergency features (e.g., 911 SIP calls). We discuss possible countermeasures and note that eradicating the attacks necessitates a scrupulous reevaluation of the PWS design and a secure implementation

Full Stack 5G Physical Layer Transceiver Design for NOMA in Mobile Heterogeneous Networks

The Fifth Generation (5G) and Beyond 5G (B5G) wireless networks are emerging with a variety of new capabilities, focusing on Massive Machine-Type Communications (mMTC), enabling new use cases and services. With this massive increment of mMTC along with increasing users, higher network capacity is a must for 5G and B5G. The integration of mMTC with traditional user traffic creates a heterogeneous network landscape. To address this challenge, future network designs must prioritize optimizing spectrum efficiency while meeting diverse service demands. Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) stands out as a promising technology for enhancing both system capacity and operational efficiency in such heterogeneous networks. Due to its non-orthogonal resource allocation, NOMA outperforms Orthogonal Multiple Access (OMA) in spectral efficiency, throughput, and user capacity, while also offering superior scalability and adaptability to network heterogeneity. Despite its promising advantages, large-scale implementation of NOMA in cellular systems remains elusive due to various challenges, making it a focal point of current research in cellular network technology. While there has been considerable progress in implementing NOMA for broadcast and multicast services, notably with Layer Division Multiplexing (LDM) in next-generation digital TV, the challenges of unicast downlink transmission in NOMA remain largely unexplored. Unicast transmission requires a highly tailored network configuration adaptable to individual user requirements and dynamic channel conditions. Clustering users under a single NOMA channel must be both efficient and adaptive to ensure successful transmission, especially for mobile receiver. Besides, the interplay between NOMA and other 5G technologies remains insufficiently explored, in part due to the lack of an established NOMA-5G framework. Specifically, the collective impact of 5G physical layer technologies such as Low-Density Parity Check (LDPC) coding, Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) Beamforming, and mmWave transmission on NOMA’s performance has not been comprehensively studied. Furthermore, in NOMA schemes involving more than two multiplexed users, known as Multilayer NOMA (N-NOMA), the system becomes increasingly complex and susceptible to noise. While N-NOMA holds considerable promise for scalability, its performance metrics are not yet fully characterized, due to challenges ranging from resource allocation complexities to transceiver design issues. Additionally, existing analytical models for performance evaluation are developed for orthogonal systems, are not fully applicable for assessing NOMA performance. Developing new models that incorporate the impact of non-orthogonality could provide more accurate performance assessments and offer valuable insights for future NOMA research. Initially this thesis investigates the feasibility of LDM for unicast & multicast downlink transmission scenarios for Internet of Things (IoT)- user pairs. The findings indicate the Core Layer (CL) performance aligns with IoT requirements while Enhance Layer (EL) layer is suitable for users. A specialized Bit Error Rate (BER) expression is formulated to precisely predict CL performance, considering Lower Layer (LL) interference with predefined power ratio. Subsequently, the thesis employs a novel surface mobility model and adaptive power ratio allocation to evaluate LDM pair sustainability under various receiver mobility conditions. Extending the LDM-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) model, this thesis presents a Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)-compliant 5G transceiver incorporating N-NOMA. This design incorporates a strategically-arranged set of NOMA functionalities and undergoes a rigorous performance evaluation. In particular, the transceiver provides a comprehensive assessment of N-NOMA performance, considering various transmission parameters such as LDPC code rate, MIMO order, modulation schemes, and channel specifications. These considerations not only provide new insights into non-orthogonal access technologies but also highlight dependencies on these factors for network configuration and optimization. To further advance this work, a one-shot N-NOMA multiplexing technique is developed and implemented, simplifying multi-layer standard sequential combiners to reduce transmission latency and transceiver complexity. A more accurate analytical BER expression is also formulated that considers the impact of both residual and non-residual Successive Interference Cancellation (SIC) errors across NOMA layers. To build upon these advancements, an adaptive Power Allocation (PA) technique is introduced to optimize NOMA cluster sustainability and throughput. Employing a greedy algorithmic approach, this method uses real-time transmission feedback to dynamically allocate power across NOMA layers. In addition, a new Three Dimensional (3D) mobility model has been developed, consistent with existing 3GPP standards, capturing vehicular and pedestrian movement across urban and rural macro & micro-cell environments. When integrated with the PA technique, this model allows for real-time adjustments in the NOMA power ratio, effectively adapting to fluctuating receiver channel conditions. Collectively, the findings from this research not only indicate significant physical layer performance improvements but also provide new insights into the potential of non-orthogonal access technologies. In the LDM-OFDM setup presented in Chapter 3, the EL layer needs 15 dB more Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) than the CL to achieve the same BER, but allows for higher data rates. When it comes to mobility, IoT movement accounts for about 70% of link terminations in scenarios with similar mobility patterns. The N-NOMA-5G shows significant improvement in low SNR performance compared to existing literature. The 3 layer simulations shows on average a 60% reduction in the SNR requirements to achieve similar BER. The implementation of a one-shot multiplexer has demonstrated a substantial reduction in N-NOMA multiplexing time, particularly with the growing number of NOMA layers, as detailed in Chapter 4. Notably, the simulation outcomes spanning 2 to 10 layers of NOMA multiplexing indicate an remarkable 52% reduction in processing time. This underscores the effectiveness of the one-shot multiplexer in enhancing efficiency, particularly as the complexity of the NOMA setup intensifies. The developed analytical model also shows over 95% similarities with the simulation results. The impact of dynamic PA for both static and mobile receivers demonstrates on average, over 40% improvements in link sustainability time for mobile users and for static users, it achieves optimal PA and fast convergence within just 12 iterations, as detailed in Chapter 5

Interference management in impulse-radio ultra-wide band networks

We consider networks of impulse-radio ultra-wide band (IR-UWB) devices. We are interested in the architecture, design, and performance evaluation of these networks in a low data-rate, self-organized, and multi-hop setting. IR-UWB is a potential physical layer for sensor networks and emerging pervasive wireless networks. These networks are likely to have no particular infrastructure, might have nodes embedded in everyday life objects and have a size ranging from a few dozen nodes to large-scale networks composed of hundreds of nodes. Their average data-rate is low, on the order of a few megabits per second. IR-UWB physical layers are attractive for these networks because they potentially combine low-power consumption, robustness to multipath fading and to interference, and location/ranging capability. The features of an IR-UWB physical layer greatly differ from the features of the narrow-band physical layers used in existing wireless networks. First, the bandwidth of an IR-UWB physical layer is at least 500 MHz, which is easily two orders of magnitude larger than the bandwidth used by a typical narrow-band physical layer. Second, this large bandwidth implies stringent radio spectrum regulations because UWB systems might occupy a portion of the spectrum that is already in use. Consequently, UWB systems exhibit extremely low power spectral densities. Finally IR-UWB physical layers offer multi-channel capabilities for multiple and concurrent access to the physical layer. Hence, the architecture and design of IR-UWB networks are likely to differ significantly from narrow-band wireless networks. For the network to operate efficiently, it must be designed and implemented to take into account the features of IR-UWB and to take advantage of them. In this thesis, we focus on both the medium access control (MAC) layer and the physical layer. Our main objectives are to understand and determine (1) the architecture and design principles of IR-UWB networks, and (2) how to implement them in practical schemes. In the first part of this thesis, we explore the design space of IR-UWB networks and analyze the fundamental design choices. We show that interference from concurrent transmissions should not be prevented as in protocols that use mutual exclusion (for instance, IEEE 802.11). Instead, interference must be managed with rate adaptation, and an interference mitigation scheme should be used at the physical layer. Power control is useless. Based on these findings, we develop a practical PHY-aware MAC protocol that takes into account the specific nature of IR-UWB and that is able to adapt its rate to interference. We evaluate the performance obtained with this design: It clearly outperforms traditional designs that, instead, use mutual exclusion or power control. One crucial aspect of IR-UWB networks is packet detection and timing acquisition. In this context, a network design choice is whether to use a common or private acquisition preamble for timing acquisition. Therefore, we evaluate how this network design issue affects the network throughput. Our analysis shows that a private acquisition preamble yields a tremendous increase in throughput, compared with a common acquisition preamble. In addition, simulations on multi-hop topologies with TCP flows demonstrate that a network using private acquisition preambles has a stable throughput. On the contrary, using a common acquisition preamble exhibits an effect similar to exposed terminal issues in 802.11 networks: the throughput is severely degraded and flow starvation might occur. In the second part of this thesis, we are interested in IEEE 802.15.4a, a standard for low data-rate, low complexity networks that employs an IR-UWB physical layer. Due to its low complexity, energy detection is appealing for the implementation of practical receivers. But it is less robust to multi-user interference (MUI) than a coherent receiver. Hence, we evaluate the performance of an IEEE 802.15.4a physical layer with an energy detection receiver to find out whether a satisfactory performance is still obtained. Our results show that MUI severely degrades the performance in this case. The energy detection receiver significantly diminishes one of the most appealing benefits of UWB, specifically its robustness to MUI and thus the possibility of allowing for parallel transmissions. This performance analysis leads to the development of an IR-UWB receiver architecture, based on energy detection, that is robust to MUI and adapted to the peculiarities of IEEE 802.15.4a. This architecture greatly improves the performance and entails only a moderate increase in complexity. Finally, we present the architecture of an IR-UWB physical layer implementation in ns-2, a well-known network simulator. This architecture is generic and allows for the simulation of several multiple-access physical layers. In addition, it comprises a model of packet detection and timing acquisition. Network simulators also need to have efficient algorithms to accurately compute bit or packet error rates. Hence, we present a fast algorithm to compute the bit error rate of an IR-UWB physical layer in a network setting with MUI. It is based on a novel combination of large deviation theory and importance sampling

Underwater acoustic communications

The underwater acoustic medium poses unique challenges to the design of robust, high throughput digital communications. The aim of this work is to identify modulation and receiver processing techniques to enable the reliable transfer of data at high rate, at range between two, potentially mobile parties using acoustics. More generally, this work seeks to investigate techniques to effectively communicate between two or more parties over a wide range of channel conditions where data rate is a key but not always the absolute performance requirement. Understanding the intrinsic ocean mechanisms that influence signal coherence, the relationship between signal coherence and optimum signal design, and the development of robust modulation and receiver processing techniques are the main areas of study within this work. New and established signal design, modulation, synchronisation, equalisation and spatial processing techniques are investigated. Several new, innovative techniques are presented which seek to improve the robustness of ‘classical’ solutions to the underwater acoustic communications problem. The performance of these techniques to mitigate the severe temporal dispersion of the underwater channel and its unique temporal variability are assessed. A candidate modulation, synchronisation and equalisation architecture is proposed based on a spatial-temporal adaptive signal processing (STAP) receiver. Comprehensive simulation results are presented to demonstrate the performance of the candidate receiver to time selective, frequency selective and spatially selective channel behaviour. Several innovative techniques are presented which maximise system performance over a wider range of operational and environmental conditions. Field trials results are presented based on system evaluation over a wide range of geographically distinct environments demonstrating system performance over a diverse range of ocean bathymetry, topography and background noise conditions. A real time implementation of the system is reported and field trials results presented demonstrating the capability of the system to support a wide range of data formats including video at useful frame rates. Within this work, several novel techniques have been developed which have extended the state of the art in high data rate underwater communications:- • Robust, high fidelity open loop synchronisation techniques capable of operating at marginal signal-to-noise ratios over a wide range of severely time spread environments. These high probability of synchronisation, low probability of false alarm techniques, provide the means for ‘burst’ open loop synchronisation in time, Doppler and space (bearing). The techniques have been demonstrated in communication and position fixing/navigation systems to provide repeatable range accuracy’s to centimetric order. • Novel closed loop synchronisation compensation for STAP receiver architectures. Specifically, this work has demonstrated the performance benefits of including both delay lock loop (DLL) and phase lock loop (PLL) support for acoustic adaptive receivers to offload tracking effort from the fractional feedforward equaliser section. It has been shown that the addition of a DLL/PLL outperforms the PLL only case for Doppler errors exceeding a few fractions of a knot. • Recycling of training data has been demonstrated as a potentially useful means to improve equaliser convergence in difficult acoustic channels. With suitable processing power, training data recycling introduces no additional transmission time overhead, which may be a limiting factor in battery powered applications. • Forward and time reverse decoding of packet data has been demonstrated as an effective means to overcome some non-minimum phase channel conditions. It has also been shown that there may be further benefits in terms of improved bit error performance, by exploiting concurrent forward and backward symbol data under modest channel conditions. • Several wideband techniques have been developed and demonstrated to be effective at resolving and coherently tracking difficult doubly spread acoustic channels. In particular, wideband spread spectrum techniques have been shown to be effective at resolving acoustic multipath, and with the aid of independent delay lock loops, track individual path arrivals. Techniques have been developed which can effect coherent or non-coherent recombination of these paths with a view to improving the robustness of an acoustic link operating at very low signal-to-noise levels. • Demonstrated throughputs of up to 41kbps in a difficult, tropical environment, featuring significant biological noise levels for mobile platforms at range up to 1.5km. • Demonstrated throughputs of between 300bps and 1600bps in a shallow, reverberant environment, at a range up to 21km at LF. • Implemented and demonstrated all algorithms in real time systems

Exploit concurrent transmissions through discernible interference cancellation

2017 IEEE International Conference on Communications, ICC 2017, Paris, France, 21-25 May 2017This paper represents the design, feasibility evaluation and performance validation of ICMR, a novel cross layer protocol that can maximize concurrent transmissions and avoid data frame interference in wireless networks, achieving higher throughput comparing with the 802.11 standard and other state-of-the-art protocols. Observations on the 802.11 standard reveal that nodes degrade the network throughput from two aspects, including the so-called CF-CA problem and varied-IR problem, and these problems will make nodes around both the transmitter and receiver of the ongoing link waste concurrent transmission opportunities. A state-of-the-art protocol IRMA is proposed to improve the network throughput through solving the two problems at the transmitter side. In this paper, a new ICMR protocol is proposed to solve both problems at the receiver side to further improve the network throughput through discernible interference cancellation, a physical layer mechanism that can successfully detect data frames when collided by control frames. Hardware experiments based on USRP2 demonstrate the feasibility of the discernible interference cancellation mechanism, and simulations based on ns-2 confirm that ICMR outperforms the 802.11 standard and other protocols significantly.Department of Computing2016-2017 > Academic research: refereed > Refereed conference paperbcw

Photonic Millimeter Wave Signal Generation and Transmission Over Hybrid Links in 5G Communication Networks

[ES] El estándar de quinta generación (5G) es la clave potencial para satisfacer el aumento exponencial en la demanda de nuevas aplicaciones, servicios y usuarios. La tecnología 5G ofrecerá una latencia extremadamente baja de 1 ms, una velocidad máxima de datos de 10 Gbit/s, una alta densidad de conexión de hasta 106 dispositivos/km2 y permitirá una alta movilidad de los dispositivos de hasta 500 km/h. En esta Tesis se proponen varias soluciones basadas en tecnologías habilitadoras para el despliegue de redes 5G. La arquitectura de la red de acceso de radio en la nube (C-RAN) se emplea junto con las técnicas de Fotónica de Microondas como una solución prometedora para generar y transmitir señales de ondas milimétricas (mmW) en la próxima generación de comunicaciones móviles. La tecnología radio sobre fibra (RoF) ha demostrado ser una buena opción para enfrentarse al desafío de la distribución inalámbrica mmW debido a la gran distancia de transmisión, el gran ancho de banda y la inmunidad a las interferencias electromagnéticas, entre algunas de las principales ventajas. Además, esta tecnología se puede ampliar con comunicaciones ópticas de espacio libre (FSO) en sistemas de radio sobre FSO (RoFSO) en las redes inalámbricas. En esta Tesis, las señales mmW se generan fotónicamente mediante modulación externa de doble banda lateral con supresión de portadora (CS-DSB) y se distribuyen a través de enlaces fronthaul híbridos RoF/FSO. Además, la generación múltiple de señales permite la distribución reconfigurable en canales multiplexados por división de longitud de onda (WDM) desde una oficina central hasta las estaciones base, y se ha evaluado el impacto de las turbulencias producidas en los canales FSO sobre las señales mmW generadas fotónicamente en términos de fluctuaciones de potencia y ruido de fase de la señal. Se propone la técnica de modulación directa de un láser (DML) como solución principal para la transmisión de datos a través de enlaces ópticos híbridos que emplean un esquema de multiplicación de frecuencias ópticas, es decir, CS-DSB, para la generación de señales de mmW. En concreto, se evalúan teórica y experimentalmente los esquemas de generación fotónica local y remoto de señales mmW y se comparan para su implementación práctica en la red frontal de la C-RAN y, además, se estudia experimentalmente el impacto de la distorsión armónica y de la intermodulación en la transmisión de datos. Igualmente, con el fin de obtener la capacidad que ofrece el DML en términos de ancho de banda, también se presenta una evaluación teórica y experimental del efecto de la dispersión de la fibra y el chirp sobre diferentes anchos de banda de señales de M-modulación de amplitud en cuadratura (QAM). No obstante, la Tesis también incluye otro enfoque para la transmisión de datos basado en el uso de otro modulador externo. En este caso, la demostración experimental de la generación de señales ópticas empleando CS-DSB y la transmisión de señales a través de fibra híbrida y red frontal FSO se completa con un enlace de antena que permite transmitir señales 5G 64/256-QAM. La investigación realizada con los sistemas CS-DSB y DSB también permiten comparar la robustez frente al desvanecimiento inducido por la dispersión cromática de la fibra. Además, se ha realizado una evaluación experimental impacto las turbulencias producidas en los canales FSO sobre las señales mmW generadas fotónicamente con diferentes distribuciones térmicas y se ha cuantificado la degradación de la señal de datos de acuerdo con las condiciones de la turbulencia. Como demostradores finales, esta Tesis incluye un sistema de transmisión full-dúplex que emplea señales 5G en enlace descendente (DL) a 39 GHz y en enlace ascendente (UL) a 37 GHz; y la transmisión de señales OFDM LTE de 60 GHz (DL) y 25 GHz (UL) sobre una infraestructura heterogénea de frontal óptico que consiste en fibra óptica de 10 km, un canal FSO de 100 m y un enlace de radio inalámbrico de 2 m.[CA] L'estàndard de quinta generació (5G) és la clau potencial per a satisfer l'augment exponencial en la demanda de noves aplicacions, serveis i usuaris. La tecnologia 5G oferirà una latència extremadament baixa d'1 ms, una velocitat màxima de dades de 10 Gbit/s, una alta densitat de connexió de fins a 106 dispositius/km2 i permetrà una alta mobilitat dels dispositius de fins a 500 km/h. En aquesta tesi es proposen diverses solucions basades en tecnologies habilitadores per al desplegament de xarxes 5G. L'arquitectura de la xarxa d'accés de ràdio en el núvol (CRAN) s'empra junt amb les tècniques de Fotònica de Microones com una solució prometedora per a generar i transmetre senyals d'ones mil·limètriques (mmW) en la pròxima generació de comunicacions mòbils. La tecnologia ràdio sobre fibra ( RoF) ha demostrat ser una bona opció per a enfrontar-se al desafiament de la distribució sense fil mmW a causa de la gran distància de transmissió, el gran ample de banda i la immunitat a les interferències electromagnètiques, entre alguns dels principals avantatges. A més, aquesta tecnologia es pot ampliar amb comunicacions òptiques d'espai lliure (FSO) en sistemes de ràdio sobre FSO (RoFSO) en les xarxes sense fil. En aquesta Tesi, els senyals mmW es generen fotònicament per mitjà de modulació externa de doble banda lateral amb supressió de portadora (CS-DSB) i es distribueixen a través d'enllaços frontals híbrids RoF/FSO.. A més, la generació múltiple de senyals permet la distribució reconfigurable en canals multiplexats per divisió de longitud d'ona ( WDM) des d'una oficina central fins a les estacions base, i s'ha avaluat l'impacte de les turbulències produïdes en els canals FSO sobre els senyals mmW generades fotònicament en termes de fluctuacions de potència i soroll de fase del senyal. Aquest treball proposa la tècnica de modulació directa d'un làser (DML) com solució principal per a la transmissió de dades a través d'enllaços òptics híbrids que fan servir un esquema de multiplicació de freqüències òptiques, és a dir, CS-DSB, per a la generació de senyals de mmW. En concret, s'avalua teòric i experimentalment els esquemes de generació fotònica local i remota de senyals mmW i es comparen per a la seua implementació pràctica a la xarxa frontal de la C-RAN i a més, s'estudia experimentalment l'impacte de la distorsió harmònica i de la intermodulació en la transmissió de dades. Igualment, amb el fi d'obtindre la capacitat que ofereix el DML en termes d'amplada de banda, també es presenta una avaluació teòrica i experimental de l'efecte de la dispersió de la fibra i el chirp sobre diferents amples de banda de senyals de M-modulació d'amplitud en quadratura (QAM). No obstant això, la Tesis també inclou altre enfocament per a la transmissió de dades basat amb l¿ús d'altre modulador extern. En aquest cas, la demostració experimental de la generació de senyals òptics emprant CS-DSB i la transmissió de senyals a través de fibra híbrida i xarxa frontal FSO es completa com un enllaç d'antena que permet transmetre senyals 5G 64/256-QAM. La investigació realitzada amb els sistemes CS-DSB i DSB també permet comparar la seua robustesa davant l¿esvaïment induït per la dispersió cromàtica. A més, s'ha avaluat experimentalment l'impacte de les turbulències produïdes en els canals FSO sobre els senyals mmW generades fotònicament amb diferents distribucions tèrmiques i s'ha quantificat la degradació del senyal de dades d'acord amb les condicions de la turbulència. Com a demostradors finals, aquesta Tesi inclou un sistema de transmissió full-dúplex que empra senyals 5G en enllaç descendent (DL) a 39 GHz i en enllaç ascendent (UL) a 37 GHz; i la transmissió de senyals OFDM LTE de 60 GHz (DL) i 25 GHz (UL) sobre una infraestructura heterogènia de frontal òptic que consisteix en fibra òptica de 10 km, un canal FSO de 100 m i un enllaç de ràdio sense fil de 2 m.[EN] The fifth generation (5G) standard is the potential key to meet the exponentially increasing demand of the emerging applications, services and mobile end users. 5G technology will offer an extremely low latency of 1 ms, peak data rate of 10 Gbit/s, high contention density up to 106 devices/km2 and enable high mobility up to 500 km/h. This Thesis proposes several solutions based on enabling technologies for deploying 5G networks. Cloud-radio access network (C-RAN) architecture is employed in conjunction with microwave photonics techniques as a promising solution to generate and transmit millimeter wave (mmW) signals in the next generation of mobile communications. Radio over fiber (RoF) has been demonstrated as a good option to face the challenge of mmW wireless distribution, due to long transmission distance, large bandwidth and immunity to electromagnetic interference, as some of the main advantages. Moreover, this technology can be extended with free-space optical (FSO) communications in Radio over FSO systems (RoFSO) as wireless networks. In this Thesis, mmW signals are photonically generated by carrier suppressed double sideband (CS-DSB) external modulation and distributed over hybrid RoF/FSO fronthaul links. Moreover, multiple generated signals allow reconfigurable distribution in wavelength-division multiplexed (WDM) channels from a central office to the base stations, and the impact of turbulent FSO channels on photonically generated mmW signals has been evaluated in terms of power signal fluctuations and phase noise. A directly modulated laser (DML) is proposed as a major solution for signal transmission over hybrid optical links employing optical frequency multiplication scheme, i.e. CS-DSB, for mmW signal generation. Moreover, local and remote photonic mmW signal generation schemes are theoretically and experimentally evaluated and compared for practical deployment in C-RAN fronthaul network while the impact of harmonic and intermodulation distortion on data transmission is also experimentally studied. Furthermore, for the sake of obtaining the DML usability in terms of bandwidth, theoretical and experimental evaluation of the effect of fiber dispersion and chirp over different M-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signals bandwidth is also presented. Another data transmission approach based on the cascade of two external modulators is also employed in the Thesis. In this case, the experimental demonstration of optical signal generation employing CS-DSB and signal transmission over hybrid fiber and FSO fronthaul network is completed with a seamless antenna link leading to successful transmission of 64/256-QAM 5G signals. The CS-DSB and DSB schemes are also investigated for the sake of comparison in terms of robustness against fiber chromatic dispersion-induced fading. Furthermore, experimental evaluation of the impact of turbulent FSO links on photonically generated mmW signals with different thermal distributions has been performed and data signal degradation has been quantified according to the turbulence conditions. As final demonstrators, the Thesis includes a full-duplex transmission system employing 39 GHz downlink (DL) and 37 GHz uplink (UL) 5G signals over hybrid links; and 60 GHz (DL) and 25 GHz (UL) OFDM LTE signal transmission over an heterogeneous optical fronthaul infrastructure consisting of 10 km optical fiber, 100 m FSO channel and 2 m wireless radio link.I would like to acknowledge the financial support given by Research Excellence Award Programme GVA PROMETEO 2017/103 Future Microwave Photonics and European Network for High Performance Integrated Microwave Photonics (EUIMWP) CA16220.Vallejo Castro, L. (2022). Photonic Millimeter Wave Signal Generation and Transmission Over Hybrid Links in 5G Communication Networks [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/19025