Dynamics of quantized vortices in applied flow in superfluid 3He-B

This thesis is mostly focussed on studies of dynamics of superfluid ³He-B at temperatures below 0.4Tc where the flow of quantized vortex lines was expected to be generally turbulent. The damping in vortex motion changes many orders of magnitude in a small temperature interval making vortices in superfluids an ideal tool to study turbulence. The quantum nature of vortices in superfluids allows for exotic hydrodynamics that does not exist in classical fluids. Earlier research had showed that vortices become unstable and lead to turbulence when the superfluid Reynolds number exceeds unity. The question remained open whether vortical flow is inherently unstable at lower temperatures. This thesis addresses issues surrounding the instability of quantized vortices in applied flow in the zero-temperature limit. Using the non-invasive nuclear magnetic resonance measurement technique, we have studied the dynamics of vortices in transient states during spin-up experiments where the rotation velocity of the system changes in a step-like manner. We found transition temperatures where the vortices connected to the cylindrical container become unstable and, ultimately, start a turbulent burst of vortex formation. This is in contrast to the laminar motion at higher temperatures, where the vortex ends smoothly slide in helical motion on the cylindrical surface. The exact conditions for this onset temperature to turbulence are established in terms of the applied flow, and the perturbation of the superfluid state by so-called seed vortices. The spin-up and spin-down experiments in the zero-temperature limit show different vortex dynamics. The vortex motion in applied flow is laminar for a cylindrical container, while in a cubical geometry the motion is expected to be partly turbulent. Our experiments on turbulent front propagation after injection of seed vortices from the AB-phase boundary (via the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability) into the rotating Landau state show a change over from quasi-classical turbulence at high temperatures, to quantum turbulence in the low temperature regime where the energy cascade of Kelvin wave excitations starts to contribute to the dissipative process. The effect of a bottleneck in this energy cascade is expressed in the front propagation velocity. The contribution of the density anisotropy to the textural energy of the superfluid in rotation is measured from the high to the zero-temperature limit. Comparison with theory allows determination of the superfluid energy gap. We have mapped the superfluid order parameter flare out textures in terms of applied flow and temperature. A quartz tuning fork with a high quality factor has been studied in superfluid ³He-B. The device is found to be an excellent tool to measure temperature, pressure and viscosity. In the zero-temperature limit, where other temperature measurement devices start to saturate, the fork's sensitivity increases due to the exponential dependence on the quasiparticle density

Photochemical transformations of quinones under batch and continuous-flow conditions

Following green chemistry principles, Madyan Yaseen investigated photochemical transformations of naphthoquinones under batch and continuous–flow conditions. The processes developed offered substantial advantages as they utilized a more selective and practical light source and a safe and low-cost solvent, while at the same time reducing reaction times and product selectivity

32nd Rocky Mountain Conference

Program and registration information for the 32nd annual meeting of the Rocky Mountain Conference, co-sponsored by the Rocky Mountain Section of the Society for Applied Spectroscopy and the Rocky Mountain Chromatography Discussion Group. Held in Denver, Colorado, July 29 - August 3, 1990

58th Annual Rocky Mountain Conference on Magnetic Resonance

Final program, abstracts, and information about the 58th annual meeting of the Rocky Mountain Conference on Magnetic Resonance, co-endorsed by the Colorado Section of the American Chemical Society and the Society for Applied Spectroscopy. Held in Breckenridge, Colorado, July 17-21, 2016

52nd Rocky Mountain Conference on Analytical Chemistry

Final program, abstracts, and information about the 52nd annual meeting of the Rocky Mountain Conference on Analytical Chemistry, co-endorsed by the Colorado Section of the American Chemical Society and the Society for Applied Spectroscopy. Held in Snowmass, Colorado, August 1-5, 2010

Photoredox Catalysis and Nucleophilic Organometallic Reagents – Application in Organic Synthesis

The main purpose of my PhD was the combination of the principles of transition metal catalysis with photoredox catalysis. We focused our attention on the development of novel dual catalytic protocols for the functionalization of carbonyl compounds through the generation of transient nucleophilic organometallic species. Specifically, we focused on the development of new methodologies combining photoredox catalysis with titanium and nickel in low oxidation state. Firstly, a Barbier-type allylation of aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes –catalytic in titanium– in the presence of a blue photon-absorbing dye was developed. Parallelly, we were pleased to observe that the developed methodology could also be extended to the propargylation of aldehydes under analogous conditions. After an extensive re–optimization of all the reaction parameters, we developed an enantioselective and diastereoselective pinacol coupling of aromatic aldehydes promoted by non-toxic, cheap and easy to synthetize titanium complexes. The key feature, that allows the complete (dia)stereocontrol played by titanium, is the employment of a red-absorbing organic dye. The tailored (photo)redox properties of the red-absorbing organic dye [nPr–DMQA+][BF4–] promote the selective reduction of Ti(IV) to Ti(III). Moreover, even if the major contribution in dual photoredox and nickel catalysis is devoted to the realization of cross-coupling-type reactions, we wanted to evaluate different possible scenarios. Our focus was on the possibility of exploiting intermediates arising from the oxidative addition of nickel complexes as transient nucleophilic species. The first topic considered regarded the possibility to perform allylation of aldehydes by dual photoredox and nickel catalysis. In the first instance, a non–stereocontrolled version of the reaction was presented. Finally, after a long series of drastic modification of the reaction conditions, a highly enantioselective variant of the protocol was also reported. All the reported methodologies are supported by careful photophysical analysis and, in some cases, computational modelling

Clemson Newsletter, 1982-1983

Information for the faculty and staff of Clemson Universityhttps://tigerprints.clemson.edu/clemson_newsletter/1015/thumbnail.jp