Coinductive Formal Reasoning in Exact Real Arithmetic

In this article we present a method for formally proving the correctness of the lazy algorithms for computing homographic and quadratic transformations -- of which field operations are special cases-- on a representation of real numbers by coinductive streams. The algorithms work on coinductive stream of M\"{o}bius maps and form the basis of the Edalat--Potts exact real arithmetic. We use the machinery of the Coq proof assistant for the coinductive types to present the formalisation. The formalised algorithms are only partially productive, i.e., they do not output provably infinite streams for all possible inputs. We show how to deal with this partiality in the presence of syntactic restrictions posed by the constructive type theory of Coq. Furthermore we show that the type theoretic techniques that we develop are compatible with the semantics of the algorithms as continuous maps on real numbers. The resulting Coq formalisation is available for public download.Comment: 40 page

Some observations on weighted GMRES

We investigate the convergence of the weighted GMRES method for solving linear systems. Two different weighting variants are compared with unweighted GMRES for three model problems, giving a phenomenological explanation of cases where weighting improves convergence, and a case where weighting has no effect on the convergence. We also present new alternative implementations of the weighted Arnoldi algorithm which may be favorable in terms of computational complexity, and examine stability issues connected with these implementations. Two implementations of weighted GMRES are compared for a large number of examples. We find that weighted GMRES may outperform unweighted GMRES for some problems, but more often this method is not competitive with other Krylov subspace methods like GMRES with deflated restarting or BICGSTAB, in particular when a preconditioner is used

Rational Dual Certificates for Weighted Sums-of-Squares Polynomials with Boundable Bit Size

In (Davis and Papp, 2022), the authors introduced the concept of dual certificates of sum-of-squares polynomials, which are vectors from the dual cone of the cone of weighted sums of squares (WSOS) polynomials that can be interpreted as WSOS nonnegativity certificates. This initial theoretical work showed that for every polynomial in the interior of a WSOS cone, there exists a rational dual certificate proving that the polynomial is WSOS. In this article, we analyze the complexity of rational dual certificates of WSOS polynomials by bounding the bit sizes of integer dual certificates as a function of parameters such as the degree and the number of variables of the polynomials, or their distance from the boundary of the cone. After providing a general bound, we explore a number of special cases, such as univariate polynomials nonnegative over the real line or a bounded interval, represented in different commonly used bases. We also provide an algorithm which runs in rational arithmetic and computes a rational certificate with boundable bit size for a WSOS lower bound of the input polynomial.Comment: Submitted for publicatio

Adaptive Precision Floating-Point Arithmetic and Fast Robust Geometric Predicates

Exact computer arithmetic has a variety of uses including, but not limited to, the robust implementation of geometric algorithms. This report has three purposes. The first is to offer fast software-level algorithms for exact addition and multiplication of arbitrary precision floating-point values. The second is to propose a technique for adaptive-precision arithmetic that can often speed these algorithms when one wishes to perform multiprecision calculations that do not always require exact arithmetic, but must satisfy some error bound. The third is to provide a practical demonstration of these techniques, in the form of implementations of several common geometric calculations whose required degree of accuracy depends on their inputs. These robust geometric predicates are adaptive; their running time depends on the degree of uncertainty of the result, and is usually small. These algorithms work on computers whose floating-point arithmetic uses radix two and exact rounding, including machines complying with the IEEE 754 standard. The inputs to the predicates may be arbitrary single or double precision floating-point numbers. C code is publicly available for the 2D and 3D orientation and incircle tests, an

Dagstuhl News January - December 2006

"Dagstuhl News" is a publication edited especially for the members of the Foundation "Informatikzentrum Schloss Dagstuhl" to thank them for their support. The News give a summary of the scientific work being done in Dagstuhl. Each Dagstuhl Seminar is presented by a small abstract describing the contents and scientific highlights of the seminar as well as the perspectives or challenges of the research topic

Réduction des coûts de communication et de calcul du Gradient Conjugué dans les sous-espaces de Krylov Élargi

In this paper we propose an algebraic method in order to reduce dynamically the number of search directions during block Conjugate Gradient iterations. Indeed, by monitoring the rank of the optimal step α k it is possible to detect inexact breakdowns and remove the corresponding search directions. We also propose an algebraic criterion that ensures in theory the equivalence between our method with dynamic reduction of the search directions and the classical block Conjugate Gradient. Numerical experiments show that the method is both stable, the number of iterations with or without reduction is of the same order, and effective, the search space is significantly reduced. We use this approach in the context of enlarged Krylov subspace methods which reduce communication when implemented on large scale machines. The reduction of the number of search directions further reduces the computation cost and the memory usage of those methods.Dans ce papier, nous proposons une méthode algébrique pour réduire dynamiquement le nombre de directions de recherche pendant les itérations du Gradient Conjugué par bloc. En effet, en mesurant la perte de rang numérique du pas optimal α k, il est possible d'enlever les directions de recherche superflues. Nous proposons aussi un critère algébrique qui assure en théorie l'équivalence entre notre méthode avec réduction dynamique des directions de recherche et le Gradient Conjugué par bloc classique. Les résultats numériques obtenus montrent que la méthode est à la fois stable, le nombre d'itérations est du même ordre avec ou sans la réduction, et efficace, l'espace de recherche est significativement réduit. Nous utilisons cette approche dans le contexte des méthodes de Krylov élargis qui réduisent les communications lorsqu'elles sont utilisées sur des machines parallèle à grande échelle. La réduction du nombre de directions de recherche réduit encore plus le coût de calcul et l'occupation mémoire de ces méthodes

Análisis bibliométrico de la revista RISI de la Facultad de Ingeniería de Sistemas e Informática de la UNMSM (2008 - 2014)

Analiza la información relacionada al contenido, productividad de autores y referencias bibliográficas de los artículos publicados en la Revista RISI, Revista de Ingeniería de Sistemas e Informática, de la Facultad de Ingeniería de Sistemas e Informática de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Se aplica el método de análisis bibliométrico para determinar los temas cubiertos en los artículos y de los autores, el nivel de productividad, el índice de cooperación e instituciones de procedencia. Además, respecto de las fuentes bibliográficas, determinar el promedio de referencias por artículo, los tipos empleados, países de procedencia e idiomas. Ayuda a identificar fortalezas y debilidades respecto del tratamiento de estos temas y a conjugar esfuerzos para promover grupos de investigación integrados por docentes y estudiantes interesados en abordar investigaciones en temas similares. Asimismo, esta investigación ayuda a determinar la calidad de la producción científica de los autores y en consecuencia, la calidad de la revista.Tesi