24 research outputs found

    Georeferencing old maps: a polynomial-based approach for Como historical cadastres

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    Recent developments in digital technologies have opened new and previously unimagined possibilities for the exploitation of cartographic heritage. In particular, georeferencing converts them from pure archival documents to real geographic data. This study investigates the issue of georeferencing the historical maps which are currently preserved at the State Archive of Como. These maps, about 15000 at the scale of 1:2000, belong to different cadastral series: the Theresian Cadastre (XVIII century), the Lombardo-Veneto Cadastre (mid-XIX century) and the New Lands Cadastre (1905). Georeferenced maps should then be inserted in the Internet GIS system, developed within the Web C.A.R.T.E. project, for an interactive 2D- and 3D consultation. Due to the peculiar nature of maps, which are divided in several adjacent cadastral sheets for each municipality, a preliminary mosaicking of these sheets was performed. Using the digital cartography of current municipalities, Ground Control Points and Check Points were collimated on the historical maps. A polynomial transformation was chosen to georeference the maps. An ad hoc-built procedure based on statistical evaluation of GCPs and CPs residuals was implemented, in order to determine the optimal polynomial order to be used. Evaluation of georeferencing results was performed both qualitatively and quantitatively. The obtained accuracy is much higher, as the territories covered by the maps are smaller and more densely-built. The methodology is automated and can be proposed as a reference for georeferencing maps of comparable characteristics. Historical maps can thus be continuously navigated into a georeferenced framework and compared with current cartography. This clears the way for the usage of historical maps in a wide range of applications, such as territorial planning, urban and landscape changes analysis and archaeological research

    Multi-environment Georeferencing of RGB-D Panoramic Images from Portable Mobile Mapping – a Perspective for Infrastructure Management

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    Hochaufgelöste, genau georeferenzierte RGB-D-Bilder sind die Grundlage fĂŒr 3D-BildrĂ€ume bzw. 3D Street-View-Webdienste, welche bereits kommerziell fĂŒr das Infrastrukturmanagement eingesetzt werden. MMS ermöglichen eine schnelle und effiziente Datenerfassung von Infrastrukturen. Die meisten im Aussenraum eingesetzten MMS beruhen auf direkter Georeferenzierung. Diese ermöglicht in offenen Bereichen absolute Genauigkeiten im Zentimeterbereich. Bei GNSS-Abschattung fĂ€llt die Genauigkeit der direkten Georeferenzierung jedoch schnell in den Dezimeter- oder sogar in den Meterbereich. In InnenrĂ€umen eingesetzte MMS basieren hingegen meist auf SLAM. Die meisten SLAM-Algorithmen wurden jedoch fĂŒr niedrige Latenzzeiten und fĂŒr Echtzeitleistung optimiert und nehmen daher Abstriche bei der Genauigkeit, der KartenqualitĂ€t und der maximalen Ausdehnung in Kauf. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist, hochaufgelöste RGB-D-Bilder in verschiedenen Umgebungen zu erfassen und diese genau und zuverlĂ€ssig zu georeferenzieren. FĂŒr die Datenerfassung wurde ein leistungsstarkes, bildfokussiertes und rucksackgetragenes MMS entwickelt. Dieses besteht aus einer Mehrkopf-Panoramakamera, zwei Multi-Beam LiDAR-Scannern und einer GNSS- und IMU-kombinierten Navigationseinheit der taktischen Leistungsklasse. Alle Sensoren sind prĂ€zise synchronisiert und ermöglichen Zugriff auf die Rohdaten. Das Gesamtsystem wurde in Testfeldern mit bĂŒndelblockbasierten sowie merkmalsbasierten Methoden kalibriert, was eine Voraussetzung fĂŒr die Integration kinematischer Sensordaten darstellt. FĂŒr eine genaue und zuverlĂ€ssige Georeferenzierung in verschiedenen Umgebungen wurde ein mehrstufiger Georeferenzierungsansatz entwickelt, welcher verschiedene Sensordaten und Georeferenzierungsmethoden vereint. Direkte und LiDAR SLAM-basierte Georeferenzierung liefern Initialposen fĂŒr die nachtrĂ€gliche bildbasierte Georeferenzierung mittels erweiterter SfM-Pipeline. Die bildbasierte Georeferenzierung fĂŒhrt zu einer prĂ€zisen aber spĂ€rlichen Trajektorie, welche sich fĂŒr die Georeferenzierung von Bildern eignet. Um eine dichte Trajektorie zu erhalten, die sich auch fĂŒr die Georeferenzierung von LiDAR-Daten eignet, wurde die direkte Georeferenzierung mit Posen der bildbasierten Georeferenzierung gestĂŒtzt. Umfassende Leistungsuntersuchungen in drei weitrĂ€umigen anspruchsvollen Testgebieten zeigen die Möglichkeiten und Grenzen unseres Georeferenzierungsansatzes. Die drei Testgebiete im Stadtzentrum, im Wald und im GebĂ€ude reprĂ€sentieren reale Bedingungen mit eingeschrĂ€nktem GNSS-Empfang, schlechter Beleuchtung, sich bewegenden Objekten und sich wiederholenden geometrischen Mustern. Die bildbasierte Georeferenzierung erzielte die besten Genauigkeiten, wobei die mittlere PrĂ€zision im Bereich von 5 mm bis 7 mm lag. Die absolute Genauigkeit betrug 85 mm bis 131 mm, was einer Verbesserung um Faktor 2 bis 7 gegenĂŒber der direkten und LiDAR SLAM-basierten Georeferenzierung entspricht. Die direkte Georeferenzierung mit CUPT-StĂŒtzung von Bildposen der bildbasierten Georeferenzierung, fĂŒhrte zu einer leicht verschlechterten mittleren PrĂ€zision im Bereich von 13 mm bis 16 mm, wobei sich die mittlere absolute Genauigkeit nicht signifikant von der bildbasierten Georeferenzierung unterschied. Die in herausfordernden Umgebungen erzielten Genauigkeiten bestĂ€tigen frĂŒhere Untersuchungen unter optimalen Bedingungen und liegen in derselben Grössenordnung wie die Resultate anderer Forschungsgruppen. Sie können fĂŒr die Erstellung von Street-View-Services in herausfordernden Umgebungen fĂŒr das Infrastrukturmanagement verwendet werden. Genau und zuverlĂ€ssig georeferenzierte RGB-D-Bilder haben ein grosses Potenzial fĂŒr zukĂŒnftige visuelle Lokalisierungs- und AR-Anwendungen

    Further frontiers in GIS: Extending Spatial Analysis to Textual Sources in Archaeology

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    Although the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) has a long history in archaeology, spatial technologies have been rarely used to analyse the content of textual collections. A newly developed approach termed Geographic Text Analysis (GTA) is now allowing the semi-automated exploration of large corpora incorporating a combination of Natural Language Processing techniques, Corpus Linguistics, and GIS. In this article we explain the development of GTA, propose possible uses of this methodology in the field of archaeology, and give a summary of the challenges that emerge from this type of analysis.The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) / ERC grant “Spatial Humanities: Texts, GIS, places” (agreement number 283850)

    Databases and records of property and new plantings in the company "13.Jul-plantaĆŸe" using open-source platform QGIS

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    Today, there are few activities in which information and communication technologies do not play a direct or indirect role. In fact, they represent the 'nerves and arteries' of modern society, facilitating and supporting global flows of information, ideas, and services. In this way, geoinformation systems (GIS), as modern information technologies, directly impact the processing and utilization of spatial data. Considering the fact that GIS is continuously expanding and improving, today it can be applied in various fields that involve information related to space, as well as in the decision-making processes related to them. It can be utilized by all institutions and companies dealing with space management and exploitation in any way, including urban planning, construction land, road and railway networks, water supply, sewage, power distribution, gas distribution, telecommunications, district heating, ecology, landscaping, agriculture, forestry, and more. Quantum GIS (QGIS) is the leading open source GIS desktop application which belongs to and is developed by Open-Source Geospatial Foundation (OSGeo). With many plugins developed by user community, QGIS offers vast variety of different functions for working with vector and raster spatial data, and also non-geographical data. Without delving further into this wide field, in this paper we will describe the Information system of the company "13th july-plantaĆŸe", which main activity is wine grapes and wine production, through a specific project of new vineyards data acquisition, analysis and display, completed in the previous period using the QGIS software package, along with suggestions for its improvement

    A Web-based Geo-resolution Annotation and Evaluation Tool

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    In this paper we present the Edinburgh Geo-annotator, a web-based annotation tool for the manual geo-resolution of location mentions in text using a gazetteer. The annotation tool has an inter-linked text and map interface which lets annotators pick correct candidates within the gazetteer more easily. The geo-annotator can be used to correct the output of a geoparser or to create gold standard geo-resolution data. We include accompanying scoring software for geo-resolution evaluation.

    A pragmatic guide to geoparsing evaluation

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    Abstract: Empirical methods in geoparsing have thus far lacked a standard evaluation framework describing the task, metrics and data used to compare state-of-the-art systems. Evaluation is further made inconsistent, even unrepresentative of real world usage by the lack of distinction between the different types of toponyms, which necessitates new guidelines, a consolidation of metrics and a detailed toponym taxonomy with implications for Named Entity Recognition (NER) and beyond. To address these deficiencies, our manuscript introduces a new framework in three parts. (Part 1) Task Definition: clarified via corpus linguistic analysis proposing a fine-grained Pragmatic Taxonomy of Toponyms. (Part 2) Metrics: discussed and reviewed for a rigorous evaluation including recommendations for NER/Geoparsing practitioners. (Part 3) Evaluation data: shared via a new dataset called GeoWebNews to provide test/train examples and enable immediate use of our contributions. In addition to fine-grained Geotagging and Toponym Resolution (Geocoding), this dataset is also suitable for prototyping and evaluating machine learning NLP models
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