Evaluation process in end-of-life systems management using BOCR analysis

Nowadays, sustainability is an indicator or even a concept that guides many public as well as private decisions or actions. In manufacturing sectors, firms are paying an increasing attention to this concept with regards to their products once they are the end of their life; this attention is not only due to the respect of norms and laws policy makers are continuously editing to protect the environment or the sensitivity of consumers to ecological issues but also because of possibilities of new business this concept offers. Indeed, firms noticed that they can create value with the end-of-life products by dismantling them and recovering parts and/or materials that can be re-introduced into manufacturing process, into maintenance process, etc.; or just by the improvement of their image with regards to public opinion. The process of recuperating end-of-life products, known as reverse logistics, is therefore a sustainable development process which will be triggered by the consumer and consists in a series of activities; one such activity concerns withdrawal problem that consists in responding some questions such as: where the end-of-life product must be dismantled?, how to bring the product from its actual position to the dismantling place?, who is in charge of this activity?, etc. This paper considers the issue of evaluating and optimizing the withdrawal process in the field of aircraft dismantling. The withdrawal plan evaluation is formulated here as multi-criteria / multi-objectives decision making problem and solved using BOCR analysis as the structuring framework for the elicitation process and satisficing game theory as the most suitable mathematical tool for recommendation process

Structuration des processus d'aide à la décision par analyse bipolaire

Le travail de recherche présenté dans ce mémoire s'inscrit dans le champ de l'aide à la décision multicritère. Ce champ aborde la décision dans un contexte où un groupe d'alternatives est évalué à travers un ensemble de critères (souvent contradictoires) afin d'estimer le potentiel de chacune à atteindre les objectifs fixés par un certain nombre de décideurs. La contribution de cette thèse concerne la structuration des problèmes d'aide à la décision par une approche bipolaire flexible qui permet d'évaluer les alternatives en distinguant leurs aspects positifs et négatifs vis-à-vis des objectifs à atteindre. Dans un premier temps, des modèles de structuration bipolaire sont proposés pour évaluer les problèmes de décision au niveau individuel. Les relations de synergie et les interactions potentielles entre les caractéristiques de la décision (attributs, alternatives, objectifs) sont modélisées dans un contexte bipolaire et intégrées à des approches de résolution tenant compte de l'environnement certain ou incertain dans lequel l'évaluation se déroule. Dans un deuxième temps, les décisions de groupe sont traitées en considérant l'impact du facteur humain (à travers les notions de peur, individualisme, influence, prudence, etc.) sur la capacité décisionnelle aux niveaux individuel et collectif. Des modèles d'évaluation et des techniques d'atteinte de consensus sont proposées pour deux catégories de problèmes relativement indépendants ; les problèmes de choix social et les jeux stratégiques.The research presented in this thesis concerns the multi-criteria decision support field. This field aims at helping decision makers (DM) to face decisions involving several conflicting objectives. To deals with this, decision is addressed in a context where a group of alternatives is evaluated through a set of criteria (often contradictory) to estimate the potential of each to achieve the goals. The main concern of this research is to propose flexible structuring decision problem support for evaluating alternatives distinguishing between positive and negative aspects they present with regard to objectives achievement. Bipolar structure models are proposed first to evaluate the decision problems at the individual level. The synergistic relationships and potential interactions between the decision characteristics (attributes, alternative objectives) are modeled in a bipolar context and integrated into resolution approaches taking account the certain or uncertain environment in which the evaluation takes place. In a second part, group decision problems are discussed taking into account the impact of human behaviour (influence, individualism, fear, caution, etc.) on decisional capacity at individual and collective levels. Valuation models and a consensus process are proposed in two relatively independent problem categories: social choice problems, and, strategic game problems