Ethics of Artificial Intelligence

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a digital technology that will be of major importance for the development of humanity in the near future. AI has raised fundamental questions about what we should do with such systems, what the systems themselves should do, what risks they involve and how we can control these. - After the background to the field (1), this article introduces the main debates (2), first on ethical issues that arise with AI systems as objects, i.e. tools made and used by humans; here, the main sections are privacy (2.1), manipulation (2.2), opacity (2.3), bias (2.4), autonomy & responsibility (2.6) and the singularity (2.7). Then we look at AI systems as subjects, i.e. when ethics is for the AI systems themselves in machine ethics (2.8.) and artificial moral agency (2.9). Finally we look at future developments and the concept of AI (3). For each section within these themes, we provide a general explanation of the ethical issues, we outline existing positions and arguments, then we analyse how this plays out with current technologies and finally what policy conse-quences may be drawn

Global Solutions vs. Local Solutions for the AI Safety Problem

There are two types of artificial general intelligence (AGI) safety solutions: global and local. Most previously suggested solutions are local: they explain how to align or “box” a specific AI (Artificial Intelligence), but do not explain how to prevent the creation of dangerous AI in other places. Global solutions are those that ensure any AI on Earth is not dangerous. The number of suggested global solutions is much smaller than the number of proposed local solutions. Global solutions can be divided into four groups: 1. No AI: AGI technology is banned or its use is otherwise prevented; 2. One AI: the first superintelligent AI is used to prevent the creation of any others; 3. Net of AIs as AI police: a balance is created between many AIs, so they evolve as a net and can prevent any rogue AI from taking over the world; 4. Humans inside AI: humans are augmented or part of AI. We explore many ideas, both old and new, regarding global solutions for AI safety. They include changing the number of AI teams, different forms of “AI Nanny” (non-self-improving global control AI system able to prevent creation of dangerous AIs), selling AI safety solutions, and sending messages to future AI. Not every local solution scales to a global solution or does it ethically and safely. The choice of the best local solution should include understanding of the ways in which it will be scaled up. Human-AI teams or a superintelligent AI Service as suggested by Drexler may be examples of such ethically scalable local solutions, but the final choice depends on some unknown variables such as the speed of AI progres

Artificial Intelligence and Mary Shelley\u27s Frankenstein: A Comparative Analysis of Creation, Morality and Responsibility

In the ever-evolving landscape of technology, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a revolutionary force that continues to shape various aspects of our lives. From transforming industries to redefining how we interact with machines, AI\u27s pervasive influence has captured the collective imagination of modern society. However, as we marvel at the wonders of AI\u27s capabilities, it becomes crucial to pause and reflect on the ethical and moral implications of creating intelligent machines. Mary Shelley\u27s magnum opus, "Frankenstein," published nearly two centuries ago, remains an enduring cautionary tale about the perils of unchecked ambition and the consequences of playing god. The narrative of Victor Frankenstein\u27s relentless pursuit of creating life, only to be haunted by the unforeseen horrors of his creation, has resonated across generations. This tale of hubris, moral dilemmas, and the intricate relationships between creator and creation continues to transcend time, finding a striking resonance in contemporary discussions on AI and its potential implications. The research article endeavors to delve into the parallels between AI and "Frankenstein," unraveling the profound ethical dilemmas faced by AI developers, policymakers, and society at large. By drawing upon the cautionary lessons embedded within Shelley\u27s classic tale, we aim to extract timeless wisdom that can guide us in the responsible and humane development of AI technologies. While AI holds the potential to revolutionize our lives positively, the dark echoes of Victor Frankenstein\u27s missteps serve as a stark reminder of the need for ethical frameworks and interdisciplinary collaboration to ensure that AI remains a powerful force for good

Biomedical and Ontological Transformation of Death Into Sickness

This piece seeks to present some origins of the biomedical transformation and ontological of death -as an ontological determinant- into sickness, a step that will be possible thanks to the advancements in medicine and biotechnology. From that exposition, the contributions of Craig Venter, María Blasco, Raymond Kurzweil, and Nick Bostrom about the control and overcoming of aging, robotic humanizations, and constant improvement of human life limitations in front of its determinant possibility (finitude). Those issues were studied from the philosophical platform that Martin Heidegger expresses in Being and Time, where he understands death as the most proper, irrespective, and unavoidable possibility the Dasein must face. Finally, the problem of death with senescence in its current state is articulated. The article promotes, in conclusion, new propositions to prosecute the characterization of this biomedical and ontological transformation of death -as an ontological determinantinto sickness