SOA Governance – Road into Maturity

There is a general consensus that SOA benefits could be reached but it is unclear how to achieve this. Research shows that the problems with SOA governance in practice are among the major reasons of SOA failures. Based on a literature review, this study first proposes a list of SOA aspects to be considered when implementing SOA governance. By adopting an interpretive research methodology based on interviews, this research paper makes two contributions: it addresses the practical matters that are major concerns for organisations to achieve a higher maturity level with their SOA, and it reveals the importance of the key SOA aspects in building strong governance and consequently reaching a higher maturity level. The expected result should deliver a theoretical contribution to SOA maturity in relation to SOA governance; it could provide organisations with new awareness in assessing their level of maturity and provide recommendations

ERP implementation methodologies and frameworks: a literature review

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) implementation is a complex and vibrant process, one that involves a combination of technological and organizational interactions. Often an ERP implementation project is the single largest IT project that an organization has ever launched and requires a mutual fit of system and organization. Also the concept of an ERP implementation supporting business processes across many different departments is not a generic, rigid and uniform concept and depends on variety of factors. As a result, the issues addressing the ERP implementation process have been one of the major concerns in industry. Therefore ERP implementation receives attention from practitioners and scholars and both, business as well as academic literature is abundant and not always very conclusive or coherent. However, research on ERP systems so far has been mainly focused on diffusion, use and impact issues. Less attention has been given to the methods used during the configuration and the implementation of ERP systems, even though they are commonly used in practice, they still remain largely unexplored and undocumented in Information Systems research. So, the academic relevance of this research is the contribution to the existing body of scientific knowledge. An annotated brief literature review is done in order to evaluate the current state of the existing academic literature. The purpose is to present a systematic overview of relevant ERP implementation methodologies and frameworks as a desire for achieving a better taxonomy of ERP implementation methodologies. This paper is useful to researchers who are interested in ERP implementation methodologies and frameworks. Results will serve as an input for a classification of the existing ERP implementation methodologies and frameworks. Also, this paper aims also at the professional ERP community involved in the process of ERP implementation by promoting a better understanding of ERP implementation methodologies and frameworks, its variety and history

Alaska Army National Guard Construction Planning Process Improvement

A Project Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE in Project ManagementThe Alaska Army National Guard (AKARNG) is a jointly funded agency run under a cooperative agreement between the federal and state governments. Recognized as a state agency, the AKARNG reports to the governor for domestic response and trains for federal missions. With this relationship, the AKARNG receives funds from the National Guard Bureau (NGB) and the Alaska State Legislature for the execution of construction projects. Under the cooperative agreement, the AKARNG follows state procedures and uses the Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities (ADOT/PF) to manage projects. The AKARNG Construction and Facilities Maintenance Officer (CFMO) ensures federal oversight of all AKARNG facilities. This project looks at the relationship between the AKARNG CFMO and ADOT/PF as they collaborate and plan construction projects for the AKARNG. The primary deliverables for this project are a current state swim lane chart (SLC) with written description and an improved state SLC with a written description. The goal of this project is to offer the AKARNG a roadmap for process improvement. The current and improved SLCs were produced by conducting research and engaging with stakeholders through interviews and questionnaires. Stakeholders were engaged throughout and offered quality oversight of the deliverables. The improved state SLC incorporated regulatory compliance and previously omitted policy requirements. When necessary, the improved state SLC included the addition or subtraction of steps to add value to the process. This project delivered the AKARNG a scalable depiction of their construction planning process and recommendations for improvement.Title Page / Table of Contents / List of Exhibits / List of Appendices / Project Management / Project Execution / Project Outcomes / Future Research and Project Conclusions / Appendice

Factors Affecting The Organizational Adoption Of Service-Oriented Architecture (Soa)

Service-oriented computing is an emerging IT innovation. Among its manifestations is service-oriented architecture (SOA), an architectural approach to designing and implementing IT solutions. Academic empirical research on SOA adoption is scarce, with many studies focussing on qualitative analysis. The purpose of this study is to explore SOA adoption using a quantitative approach. This study investigates organizational SOA adoption in South Africa from DOI theory and TOE framework perspectives. A comprehensive model of SOA adoption is presented along with an associated research instrument. In order to validate the instrument and to gauge the state of SOA adoption, an online survey was conducted among South African organizations. The results of the survey highlight a number of factors influencing SOA adoption. Use of multiple standards and platforms, complexity, compatibility, cost, top management support, good governance and strategy, adequate human and financial resources, vendor support for integration and development tools are all significant factors for a fruitful SOA implementation. The findings of this study can contribute to the body of knowledge on organizational SOA adoption and create opportunities for future related research in this field

Service Oriented Architecture Adoption: A Systematic Review

Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) has appeared as an absorbing architectural approach that empowers the available systems to reveal their performance in the act of services without creating important changes to the systems. This approach, due to its flexibility of adoption, has been widely appreciated by the businesses. Though there are many studies that depict successful factors of SOA, a few minor cases of failure have also been reported in the literature. In spite of the availability of rich material on SOA, there is no systematic literature review on the influential aspect of SOA adoption factors. Thus, this paper presents a systematic literature review of existing studies (from 2009 to 2015) related to the SOA adoption and its success and failure. The central purpose of the study is to focus on the existing issues and share the findings with researchers. Moreover, the findings of this paper would help the IT experts in organizations focus on the most important factors highlighted in this study, so they could decide whether it is advisable to adopt SOA in their context or not

Microservice Transition and its Granularity Problem: A Systematic Mapping Study

Microservices have gained wide recognition and acceptance in software industries as an emerging architectural style for autonomic, scalable, and more reliable computing. The transition to microservices has been highly motivated by the need for better alignment of technical design decisions with improving value potentials of architectures. Despite microservices' popularity, research still lacks disciplined understanding of transition and consensus on the principles and activities underlying "micro-ing" architectures. In this paper, we report on a systematic mapping study that consolidates various views, approaches and activities that commonly assist in the transition to microservices. The study aims to provide a better understanding of the transition; it also contributes a working definition of the transition and technical activities underlying it. We term the transition and technical activities leading to microservice architectures as microservitization. We then shed light on a fundamental problem of microservitization: microservice granularity and reasoning about its adaptation as first-class entities. This study reviews state-of-the-art and -practice related to reasoning about microservice granularity; it reviews modelling approaches, aspects considered, guidelines and processes used to reason about microservice granularity. This study identifies opportunities for future research and development related to reasoning about microservice granularity.Comment: 36 pages including references, 6 figures, and 3 table

A Governance Reference Model For Service-oriented Architecture-based Common Data Initialization A Case Study Of Military Simulation Federation Systems

Military simulation and command and control federations have become large, complex distributed systems that integrate with a variety of legacy and current simulations, and real command and control systems locally as well as globally. As these systems continue to become increasingly more complex so does the data that initializes them. This increased complexity has introduced a major problem in data initialization coordination which has been handled by many organizations in various ways. Serviceoriented architecture (SOA) solutions have been introduced to promote easier data interoperability through the use of standards-based reusable services and common infrastructure. However, current SOA-based solutions do not incorporate formal governance techniques to drive the architecture in providing reliable, consistent, and timely information exchange. This dissertation identifies the need to establish governance for common data initialization service development oversight, presents current research and applicable solutions that address some aspects of SOA-based federation data service governance, and proposes a governance reference model for development of SOA-based common data initialization services in military simulation and command and control federations

Compliance framework for change management in cloud environments

Mención Internacional en el título de doctorThe Governance, Risk and Compliance (GRC) area is one of the critical management areas for every organization. This is particularly the case for information technology (IT) departments where both human resources and technical infrastructures (software and hardware) need to work seamlessly in order to provide the expected benefits. The study of the literature shows that sound GRC methods are key to running and maintaining secure and compliant computing infrastructures. An important and particularly challenging aspect of the IT landscape is its constant and perpetual evolution in order to keep pace with new and emerging technologies that find their way faster and faster into the organizational infrastructure. Since assessments of risks and compliance aspects always refer to a certain (more or less static) situation, such frequent changes pose a real danger to the overall relevance of these assessments in the mid and longterm perspective. So, a sound approach to ensuring compliance not only punctually (both in time and space) but holistically – considering the complete IT landscape in a continuous way – needs to integrate with the change management function of the organization. Another important development in the last eight to ten years was the emergence of Cloud Computing (CC) as a straightforward and efficient way of providing IT functionality to organizations. While it poses many various challenges to IT management in general, CC is particularly relevant for GRC as it makes an IT provision approach that was previously sometimes applied – outsourcing – to a predominant approach to provide infrastructure (called Infrastructure‐as‐a‐Service or IaaS), platforms (called Platform‐as‐a‐Service or PaaS), and software (called Software‐as‐a‐Service or SaaS) within an organization. CC and outsourcing entail wider challenges for GRC as it involves the inclusion of an external party as a service provider within an organization reflecting specific aspects of provider selection, contract management, service level agreements (SLAs), and monitoring. They become even more challenging in the context of frequent and interdependent changes. Therefore, this thesis is aimed at the definition and validation of a Compliance Framework for Change Management in Cloud Environments (short: CFC MCC). The proposed solution of the problem has been approached from a multidisciplinary point of view taking in consideration aspects from computer science, IT management and IT governance, but also such aspects as legal and cultural dimensions. The proposed solution provides a framework to support the solicitation of requirements from different subject areas (e.g., organizational, technological, cultural) and their subsequent consideration within the change management process of established IT management frameworks such as ITIL. It can be tailored to the specific situation of most organizations and provides a consistent approach to address GRC aspects in rapidly evolving cloud‐based organizational IT landscapes. The scientific discourse within the thesis has been structured following best academic practices and recommendations. In the last phase of the research methodology an empirical validation has been performed to verify the applicability of the framework. The data obtained from the validation indicate that the application of the framework for ensuring compliance in CC environments constitutes a relevant improvement of the change management process.El área de gobernanza, riesgo y cumplimiento (por sus siglas en inglés GRC) es una de las áreas de gestión clave en todas las organizaciones. En el caso de los departamentos de Tecnología de la Información (por sus siglas en inglés IT de Information Technology) el área cuenta con una importancia igualmente crucial. Estos departamentos deben orquestar los recursos de capital intelectual y las infraestructuras hardware y software para contribuir a la generación de beneficios empresariales. La literatura ha demostrado que un conjunto de procedimientos en el área GRC es clave para prestar el servicio de forma eficiente a partir del mantenimiento de una infraestructura tecnológica segura y compatible. Un aspecto importante y particularmente retador en el entorno IT es su constante evolución con el propósito de habilitar la adopción de nuevas tecnologías en apoyo de los procesos corporativos. Dado que la evaluación de riesgos y los aspectos de cumplimiento se refieren a una determinada situación que se puede considerar más o menos estática, los continuos cambios en el entorno IT representan una amenaza para la incorporación de nuevas tecnologías en ámbitos corporativos desde el punto de vista GRC. Por ello, un enfoque sólido para garantizar el cumplimiento no sólo de forma puntual en tiempo y espacio sino de forma integral, considerando el entorno IT en una forma continua e integrada con la gestión del cambio corporativa. Otro desarrollo importante y modificador de la situación actual es la emergencia de la computación en la nube (CC, siglas en inglés de Cloud Computing) como una forma efectiva y eficaz de proporcionar la función IT en las organizaciones. Pese a que CC suscita diversos desafíos para la administración IT, es en particular relevante para GRC ya que habilita la externalización del servicio como una aproximación predominante para proporcionar infraestructura (llamado Infraestructure‐as‐a‐Service o IaaS), plataformas (llamado Platformas‐ a‐Service o PaaS) y software (llamado Software‐as‐a‐Service o SaaS) dentro de una organización. CC y la externalización suponen retos más amplios para GRC, ya que implican la inclusión de un proveedor de servicios externo dentro de una organización. Esta circunstancia aflora cuestiones relativas a la selección de proveedores, la gestión de contratos, los acuerdos de nivel de servicio (por sus siglas en inglés SLA), y el seguimiento de las relaciones y los servicios prestados. Estos aspectos, se convierten en un reto aún mayor en el contexto de los cambios frecuentes e interdependientes en el ámbito IT. Por lo tanto, esta tesis está dirigida a la definición y validación de un marco de cumplimiento para la gestión del cambio en entornos relativos a la nube (abreviatura: CFC MCC). La solución propuesta del problema ha sido abordada desde un punto de vista multidisciplinar, tomando en consideración aspectos de la informática, la gestión de IT y el gobierno de IT pero incorporando también aspectos tales como las dimensiones legales y culturales. La solución propuesta proporciona un marco para apoyar la solicitud de requisitos de diferentes áreas (por ejemplo, organizativos, tecnológicos, culturales) y su posterior consideración en el proceso de gestión del cambio de los marcos establecidos de gestión de TI como pueda ser ITIL. EL marco puede ser adaptado a la situación específica de las organizaciones y proporciona un enfoque coherente para abordar los aspectos de GRC en rápida evolución entornos de TI de la organización basados en la nube. El discurso científico dentro de la tesis se ha estructurado siguiendo las prácticas académicas y recomendaciones de investigación. En la última fase de la metodología de la investigación empírica una validación se ha realizado para verificar la aplicabilidad del marco. Los datos obtenidos de la validación indican que la aplicación del marco para garantizar el cumplimiento en entornos CC constituye una mejora relevante del proceso de gestión del cambio de las organizaciones.Programa Oficial de Doctorado en Ciencia y Tecnología InformáticaPresidente: Antonio de Amescua Seco.- Secretario: José Antonio Manzano Calvo.- Vocal: Ahmed Barnaw