907 research outputs found
Enhancing Trajectory-Based Operations for UAVs through Hexagonal Grid Indexing: A Step towards 4D Integration of UTM and ATM
Aviation is expected to face a surge in the number of manned aircraft and drones in the coming years, making it necessary to integrate Unmanned Aircraft System Traffic Management (UTM) into Air Traffic Management (ATM) to ensure safe and efficient operations. This research proposes a novel hexagonal grid-based 4D trajectory representation framework for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) traffic management that overcomes the limitations of existing square/cubic trajectory representation methods. The proposed model employs a hierarchical indexing structure using hexagonal cells, enabling efficient ground based strategic conflict detection and conflict free 4D trajectory planning. Additionally, the use of Hexagonal Discrete Global Grid Systems provides a more accurate representation of UAV trajectories, improved sampling efficiency and higher angular resolution. The proposed approach can be used for predeparture conflict free 4D trajectory planning, reducing computational complexity and memory requirements while improving the accuracy of strategic trajectory conflict detection. The proposed framework can also be extended for air traffic flow management trajectory planning, Air Traffic Control (ATC) workload measurement, sector capacity estimation, dynamics airspace sectorization using hexagonal sectors and traffic density calculation, contributing to the development of an efficient UTM system, and facilitating the integration of UAVs into the national airspace system with AT
The dawn of the age of the drones: an Australian privacy law perspective
Examines Australia\u27s privacy laws in relation to unmanned aerial vehicles, to identify deficiencies that may need to be addressed.
Introduction
Suppose a homeowner habitually enjoys sunbathing in his or her backyard, protected by a high fence from prying eyes, including those of an adolescent neighbour. In times past such homeowners could be assured that they might go about their activities without a threat to their privacy. However, recent years have seen technological advances in the development of unmanned aerial vehicles (âUAVsâ), also known colloquially as drones, that have allowed them to become reduced in size, complexity and price. UAVs today include models retailing to the public for less than $350 and with an ease of operation that enables them to serve as mobile platforms for miniature cameras. These machines now mean that for individuals like the posited homeownerâs adolescent neighbour, barriers such as high fences no longer constitute insuperable obstacles to their voyeuristic endeavours. Moreover, ease of access to the internet and video sharing websites provides a ready means of sharing any recordings made with such cameras with a wide audience. Persons in the homeownerâs position might understandably seek some form of redress for such egregious invasions of their privacy. Other than some form of self-help, what alternative measures may be available?
Under Australian law this problem yields no easy answer. In this country, a fractured landscape of common law, Commonwealth and state/territory legislation provides piecemeal protection against invasions of privacy by cameras mounted on UAVs. It is timely, at what may be regarded as the early days of the drone age, to consider these laws and to identify deficiencies that may need to be addressed lest, to quote words that are as apt today as they were when written over 120 years ago, âmodern enterprise and invention ⊠through invasions upon [their] privacy, [subject victims] to mental pain and distress, far greater than could be inflicted by mere bodily injury.
The New Privacy Battle: How the Expanding Use of Drones Continues to Erode Our Concept of Privacy and Privacy Rights
The exciting, thriving and developing technology that everybody has been talking about recently is drones. Due to recent technological developments, which make drones an affordable and universal tool, drones have expanded out of military use and into domestic applications. The enactment of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act in 2012 further pushed for the development and expansion of drone use in the United Statesâ airspace, by requiring the FAA to license over 30,000 drone operators. While drone use has an unlimited potential for beneficial use within society, drone technology is not without risks. For example, drone use in domestic airspace raises the significant and undeniable risk of individual privacy invasions through the use of drones by both public entities and third parties. This article argues current common law and legislative protections of potential privacy invasions resulting from drone use are drastically insufficient as neither affords strong protection of an individualâs privacy from such sophisticated technologyâs potential. The article concludes by recommending a federal baseline consumer protection act that would establish a reasonable level of protection for an individualâs privacy by ensuring drone use was being monitored from a privacy protection standpoint and limiting the use of drones in a way that would invade an individualâs privacy expectations
Remote ID for separation provision and multi-agent navigation
In this paper, we investigate the integration of drone identification data
(Remote ID) with collision avoidance mechanisms to improve the safety and
efficiency of multi-drone operations. We introduce an improved Near Mid-Air
Collision (NMAC) definition, termed as UAV NMAC (uNMAC), which accounts for
uncertainties in the drone's location due to self-localization errors and
possible displacements between two location reports. Our proposed uNMAC-based
Reciprocal Velocity Obstacle (RVO) model integrates Remote ID messages with RVO
to enable enhanced collision-free navigation. We propose modifications to the
Remote ID format to include data on localization accuracy and drone airframe
size, facilitating more efficient collision avoidance decisions. Through
extensive simulations, we demonstrate that our approach halves mission
execution times compared to a conservative standard Remote ID-based RVO.
Importantly, it ensures collision-free operations even under localization
uncertainties. By integrating the improved Remote ID messages and uNMAC-based
RVO, we offer a solution to significantly increase airspace capacity while
adhering to strict safety standards. Our study emphasizes the potential to
augment the safety and efficiency of future drone operations, thereby
benefiting industries reliant on drone technologies.Comment: 10 pages, 8 figures, 2023 IEEE/AIAA 42nd Digital Avionics Systems
Conference (DASC
Use of airborne vehicles as research platforms
This is the accepted version of the following chapter: Gratton, G. 2012. Use of Airborne Vehicles as Research Platforms. Encyclopedia of Aerospace Engineering, which has been published in final form at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9780470686652.eae604/full. Copyright @ John Wiley & Sons 2012.The use of aircraft is often valuable to position airborne sensors or to conduct experiments in ways not possible purely on the ground. An airframe, typically an older one, must be selected then adapted to the role â likely to include inlets, windows, structural changes, power supply, computing and data recording capacity, and likely the provision of external hardpoints. Once the research vehicle is created, the instruments on board will require calibration, either in isolation or by intercomparison against already calibrated instruments on board another aircraft. This calibration process will continue throughout the life of the airplane. Additionally, an operating organization must be created and obtain any necessary organizational approvals. For some specialist applications, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) may also be used, which carry some special considerations of autonomy and interoperability, but similar concerns of instrument, vehicle, and operational integrity
Strengthening rules-based order in the Asia-Pacific
This paper explores the opportunities for both Australia and Japan jointly to promote their shared interest in strengthening the rule of law in the AsiaâPacific.
Overview
The rule of law is an essential condition if cooperation and orderly behaviour are to be advanced in the AsiaâPacific. We need norms and rules that guideâand governârelations among regional states.
Australia and Japan share an interest in minimising the role that coercion plays in the AsiaâPacific and maximising cooperation across the region. Weâre both liberal democracies, with a strong bilateral security relationship, an alliance with the United States and a genuine commitment to the rule of law.
All AsiaâPacific states would profit by following Australia and Japanâs example in promoting and abiding by the rule of law in their external policies. Indeed, our region would be a much safer place if they did.
ASPI has this year worked on a project to explore the opportunities for both Australia and Japan jointly to promote our shared interest in strengthening the rule of law in the AsiaâPacific. This report sets out the projectâs key findings and outlines policy proposals to enhance AustraliaâJapan cooperation to bolster the rule of law in the region
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