Physical layer authenticated image encryption for Iot network based on biometric chaotic signature for MPFrFT OFDM system

In this paper, a new physical layer authenticated encryption (PLAE) scheme based on the multi-parameter fractional Fourier transform–Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MP-FrFT-OFDM) is suggested for secure image transmission over the IoT network. In addition, a new robust multi-cascaded chaotic modular fractional sine map (MCC-MF sine map) is designed and analyzed. Also, a new dynamic chaotic biometric signature (DCBS) generator based on combining the biometric signature and the proposed MCC-MF sine map random chaotic sequence output is also designed. The final output of the proposed DCBS generator is used as a dynamic secret key for the MPFrFT OFDM system in which the encryption process is applied in the frequency domain. The proposed DCBS secret key generator generates a very large key space of (Formula presented.). The proposed DCBS secret keys generator can achieve the confidentiality and authentication properties. Statistical analysis, differential analysis and a key sensitivity test are performed to estimate the security strengths of the proposed DCBS-MP-FrFT-OFDM cryptosystem over the IoT network. The experimental results show that the proposed DCBS-MP-FrFT-OFDM cryptosystem is robust against common signal processing attacks and provides a high security level for image encryption application. © 2023 by the authors

Physical Layer Service Integration in 5G: Potentials and Challenges

High transmission rate and secure communication have been identified as the key targets that need to be effectively addressed by fifth generation (5G) wireless systems. In this context, the concept of physical-layer security becomes attractive, as it can establish perfect security using only the characteristics of wireless medium. Nonetheless, to further increase the spectral efficiency, an emerging concept, termed physical-layer service integration (PHY-SI), has been recognized as an effective means. Its basic idea is to combine multiple coexisting services, i.e., multicast/broadcast service and confidential service, into one integral service for one-time transmission at the transmitter side. This article first provides a tutorial on typical PHY-SI models. Furthermore, we propose some state-of-the-art solutions to improve the overall performance of PHY-SI in certain important communication scenarios. In particular, we highlight the extension of several concepts borrowed from conventional single-service communications, such as artificial noise (AN), eigenmode transmission etc., to the scenario of PHY-SI. These techniques are shown to be effective in the design of reliable and robust PHY-SI schemes. Finally, several potential research directions are identified for future work.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figure

Multidimensional Index Modulation for 5G and Beyond Wireless Networks

This study examines the flexible utilization of existing IM techniques in a comprehensive manner to satisfy the challenging and diverse requirements of 5G and beyond services. After spatial modulation (SM), which transmits information bits through antenna indices, application of IM to orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) subcarriers has opened the door for the extension of IM into different dimensions, such as radio frequency (RF) mirrors, time slots, codes, and dispersion matrices. Recent studies have introduced the concept of multidimensional IM by various combinations of one-dimensional IM techniques to provide higher spectral efficiency (SE) and better bit error rate (BER) performance at the expense of higher transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx) complexity. Despite the ongoing research on the design of new IM techniques and their implementation challenges, proper use of the available IM techniques to address different requirements of 5G and beyond networks is an open research area in the literature. For this reason, we first provide the dimensional-based categorization of available IM domains and review the existing IM types regarding this categorization. Then, we develop a framework that investigates the efficient utilization of these techniques and establishes a link between the IM schemes and 5G services, namely enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine-type communications (mMTC), and ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC). Additionally, this work defines key performance indicators (KPIs) to quantify the advantages and disadvantages of IM techniques in time, frequency, space, and code dimensions. Finally, future recommendations are given regarding the design of flexible IM-based communication systems for 5G and beyond wireless networks.Comment: This work has been submitted to Proceedings of the IEEE for possible publicatio

CROSSLAYER OPTIMIZATION IN AN LTE NETWORK TO REDUCE THE EFFECT OF CO-CHANNEL INTERFERENCE

In this thesis, synergy between the physical layer and the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer of a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network is exploited to reduce the co-channel interference in both the forward and reverse channels. By doing such cross-layer optimization analysis, physical and MAC layer control decisions reach their full potential when they are designed in an integrated manner. The proposed solution focuses on the integration of the concepts of orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA), sectorization, and Latin Square to improve the signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) with the most effective resource utilization. Sectorization in the physical layer alone is able to improve the SIR, however, by also implementing OFDMA and Latin Square techniques to reduce the effect of co-channel interference, better SIR can be achieved. There is some impact on resource utilization, however. The solution seeks to achieve an optimum point of tradeoff between improvement in the SIR and the acceptable amount of the unutilized resources.Civilian, Defence Science and Technology Agency, SingaporeApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited

Multipacket reception in LTE femtocell networks

Dissertação apresentada para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Electrotécnica e de ComputadoresDriven by the growing demand for high-speed broadband wireless services, LTE technology has emerged and evolve, promising high data rates to the demanding mobile users. Based on the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) speci cations,Long Term Evo- lution Advanced (LTE-A) telecommunication services predict the existence of macro base stations, Enhanced Node B (eNB) and micro stations HeNB with low power that complements the network's coverage. This dissertation studies the complementary use of HeNBs (femtocells 3GPP terminology) to provide broadband services. It is essential to maintain the networks performance with the network densi cation phenomenon, which brings signi cant interference problems and consequently more collisions and lost packets. The use of SC-FDE in the downlink of a LTE-A femtocell network - speci cally multipacket reception (MPR), with an IB-DFE receiver employing Multipacket Detection (MPD) and SIC techniques is proposed. A new telecommunications concept named GC emerged with the increasing environmental concerns. This dissertation shows the performance results of an iterative MPR and proposes a green association algorithm to change the network layout according to the mobile users demands reducing the Base Station (BS)'s negative contribution to the network total energy consumption. The overall results show that the technologies employed are a solution to achieve a favorable trade-o between performance and Energy E ciency (EE), responding to the global demands (high data rates) and concerns (low energy consumption and carbon footprint reduction). Keywords: Long Term Evolution(LTE), Single Carrier with Frequency Domain Equalization (SC-FDE), Iterative Block-Decision Feedback Equalizer (IB-DFE), Home enhanced Node B (HeNB), Successive Interference Cancellation(SIC),Multipacket Reception(MPR), Green Communications (GC)FCT/MEC Femtocells(PTDC/EEATEL/120666/2010), OPPORTUNISTIC CR(PTDC/EEA-TEL/115981/2009) and ADIN(PTDC/EEI-TEL/2990/2012) project

Active Terminal Identification, Channel Estimation, and Signal Detection for Grant-Free NOMA-OTFS in LEO Satellite Internet-of-Things

This paper investigates the massive connectivity of low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite-based Internet-of-Things (IoT) for seamless global coverage. We propose to integrate the grant-free non-orthogonal multiple access (GF-NOMA) paradigm with the emerging orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS) modulation to accommodate the massive IoT access, and mitigate the long round-trip latency and severe Doppler effect of terrestrial-satellite links (TSLs). On this basis, we put forward a two-stage successive active terminal identification (ATI) and channel estimation (CE) scheme as well as a low-complexity multi-user signal detection (SD) method. Specifically, at the first stage, the proposed training sequence aided OTFS (TS-OTFS) data frame structure facilitates the joint ATI and coarse CE, whereby both the traffic sparsity of terrestrial IoT terminals and the sparse channel impulse response are leveraged for enhanced performance. Moreover, based on the single Doppler shift property for each TSL and sparsity of delay-Doppler domain channel, we develop a parametric approach to further refine the CE performance. Finally, a least square based parallel time domain SD method is developed to detect the OTFS signals with relatively low complexity. Simulation results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed methods over the state-of-the-art solutions in terms of ATI, CE, and SD performance confronted with the long round-trip latency and severe Doppler effect.Comment: 20 pages, 9 figures, accepted by IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communication

Lights and Shadows: A Comprehensive Survey on Cooperative and Precoding Schemes to Overcome LOS Blockage and Interference in Indoor VLC

Visible light communications (VLC) have received significant attention as a way of moving part of the saturated indoor wireless traffic to the wide and unregulated visible optical spectrum. Nowadays, VLC are considered as a suitable technology, for several applications such as high-rate data transmission, supporting internet of things communications or positioning. The signal processing originally derived from radio-frequency (RF) systems such as cooperative or precoding schemes can be applied to VLC. However, its implementation is not straightforward. Furthermore, unlike RF transmission, VLC present a predominant line-of-sight link, although a weak non-LoS component may appear due to the reflection of the light on walls, floor, ceiling and nearby objects. Blocking effects may compromise the performance of the aforementioned transmission schemes. There exist several surveys in the literature focused on VLC and its applications, but the management of the shadowing and interference in VLC requires a comprehensive study. To fill this gap, this work introduces the implementation of cooperative and precoding schemes to VLC, while remarking their benefits and drawbacks for overcoming the shadowing effects. After that, the combination of both cooperative and precoding schemes is analyzed as a way of providing resilient VLC networks. Finally, we propose several open issues that the cooperative and precoding schemes must face in order to provide satisfactory VLC performance in indoor scenarios.This work has been supported partially by Spanish National Project TERESA-ADA(TEC2017-90093-C3-2-R) (MINECO/AEI/FEDER, UE), the research project GEOVEOLUZ-CM-UC3Mfunded by the call “Programa de apoyo a la realización de proyectos interdisciplinares de I+D parajóvenes investigadores de la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid 2019-2020” under the frame ofthe Convenio Plurianual Comunidad de Madrid-Universidad Carlos III de Madrid and projectMadrid Flight on Chip (Innovation Cooperative Projects Comunidad of Madrid - HUBS 2018/MadridFlightOnChip). Additionally, it has been supported partially by the Juan de la CiervaIncorporación grant IJC2019-040317-I and Juan de la Cierva Formación grant (FJC2019-039541-I/AEI/10.13039/501100011033)