Examining Swarm Intelligence-based Feature Selection for Multi-Label Classification

Multi-label classification addresses the issues that more than one class label assigns to each instance. Many real-world multi-label classification tasks are high-dimensional due to digital technologies, leading to reduced performance of traditional multi-label classifiers. Feature selection is a common and successful approach to tackling this problem by retaining relevant features and eliminating redundant ones to reduce dimensionality. There is several feature selection that is successfully applied in multi-label learning. Most of those features are wrapper methods that employ a multi-label classifier in their processes. They run a classifier in each step, which requires a high computational cost, and thus they suffer from scalability issues. To deal with this issue, filter methods are introduced to evaluate the feature subsets using information-theoretic mechanisms instead of running classifiers. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of different methods of feature selection presented for the tasks of multi-label classification. To this end, in this review, we have investigated most of the well-known and state-of-the-art methods. We then provided the main characteristics of the existing multi-label feature selection techniques and compared them analytically

Swarm intelligence: novel tools for optimization, feature extraction, and multi-agent system modeling

Abstract Animal swarms in nature are able to adapt to dynamic changes in their envi-ronment, and through cooperation they can solve problems that are crucial for their survival. Only by means of local interactions with other members of the swarm and with the environment, they can achieve a common goal more efficiently than it would be done by a single individual. This problem-solving behavior that results from the multiplicity of such interactions is referred to as Swarm Intelligence. The mathematical models of swarming behavior in nature were initially proposed to solve optimization problems. Nevertheless, this decentralized approach can be a valuable tool for a variety of applications, where emerging global patterns represent a solution to the task at hand. Methods for the solution of difficult computational problems based on Swarm Intelligence have been experimentally demonstrated and reported in the literature. However, a general framework that would facilitate their design does not exist yet. In this dissertation, a new general design methodology for Swarm Intelligence tools is proposed. By defining a discrete space in which the members of the swarm can move, and by modifying the rules of local interactions and setting the adequate objective function for solutions evaluation, the proposed methodology is tested in various domains. The dissertation presents a set of case studies, and focuses on two general approaches. One approach is to apply Swarm Intelligence as a tool for optimization and feature extraction, and the other approach is to model multi-agent systems such that they resemble swarms of animals in nature providing them with the ability to autonomously perform a task at hand. Artificial swarms are designed to be autonomous, scalable, robust, and adaptive to the changes in their environment. In this work, the methods that exploit one or more of these features are presented. First, the proposed methodology is validated in a real-world scenario seen as a combinatorial optimization problem. Then a set of novel tools for feature extraction, more precisely the adaptive edge detection and the broken-edge linking in digital images is proposed. A novel data clustering algorithm is also proposed and applied to image segmentation. Finally, a scalable algorithm based on the proposed methodology is developed for distributed task allocation in multi-agent systems, and applied to a swarm of robots. The newly proposed general methodology provides a guideline for future developers of the Swarm Intelligence tools. Los enjambres de animales en la naturaleza son capaces de adaptarse a cambios dinamicos en su entorno y, por medio de la cooperación, pueden resolver problemas ´ cruciales para su supervivencia. Unicamente por medio de interacciones locales con otros miembros del enjambre y con el entorno, pueden lograr un objetivo común de forma más eficiente que lo haría un solo individuo. Este comportamiento problema-resolutivo que es resultado de la multiplicidad de interacciones se denomina Inteligencia de Enjambre. Los modelos matemáticos de comportamiento de enjambres en entornos naturales fueron propuestos inicialmente para resolver problemas de optimización. Sin embargo, esta aproximación descentralizada puede ser una herramienta valiosa en una variedad de aplicaciones donde patrones globales emergentes representan una solución de las tareas actuales. Aunque en la literatura se muestra la utilidad de los métodos de Inteligencia de Enjambre, no existe un entorno de trabajo que facilite su diseño. En esta memoria de tesis proponemos una nueva metodologia general de diseño para herramientas de Inteligencia de Enjambre. Desarrollamos herramientas noveles que representan ejem-plos ilustrativos de su implementación. Probamos la metodología propuesta en varios dominios definiendo un espacio discreto en el que los miembros del enjambre pueden moverse, modificando las reglas de las interacciones locales y fijando la función objetivo adecuada para evaluar las soluciones. La memoria de tesis presenta un conjunto de casos de estudio y se centra en dos aproximaciones generales. Una aproximación es aplicar Inteligencia de Enjambre como herramienta de optimización y extracción de características mientras que la otra es modelar sistemas multi-agente de tal manera que se asemejen a enjambres de animales en la naturaleza a los que se les confiere la habilidad de ejecutar autónomamente la tarea. Los enjambres artificiales están diseñados para ser autónomos, escalables, robustos y adaptables a los cambios en su entorno. En este trabajo, presentamos métodos que explotan una o más de estas características. Primero, validamos la metodología propuesta en un escenario del mundo real visto como un problema de optimización combinatoria. Después, proponemos un conjunto de herramientas noveles para ex-tracción de características, en concreto la detección adaptativa de bordes y el enlazado de bordes rotos en imágenes digitales, y el agrupamiento de datos para segmentación de imágenes. Finalmente, proponemos un algoritmo escalable para la asignación distribuida de tareas en sistemas multi-agente aplicada a enjambres de robots. La metodología general recién propuesta ofrece una guía para futuros desarrolladores deherramientas de Inteligencia de Enjambre

Shape description and matching using integral invariants on eccentricity transformed images

Matching occluded and noisy shapes is a problem frequently encountered in medical image analysis and more generally in computer vision. To keep track of changes inside the breast, for example, it is important for a computer aided detection system to establish correspondences between regions of interest. Shape transformations, computed both with integral invariants (II) and with geodesic distance, yield signatures that are invariant to isometric deformations, such as bending and articulations. Integral invariants describe the boundaries of planar shapes. However, they provide no information about where a particular feature lies on the boundary with regard to the overall shape structure. Conversely, eccentricity transforms (Ecc) can match shapes by signatures of geodesic distance histograms based on information from inside the shape; but they ignore the boundary information. We describe a method that combines the boundary signature of a shape obtained from II and structural information from the Ecc to yield results that improve on them separately

Content-Based Image Retrieval Hybrid Approach using Artificial Bee Colony and K-means Algorithms

In this paper, a new clustering method is proposed for CBIR system; this method depends on combining ABC and k-means algorithm. Four features are used with the proposed method to retrieve the images. These features are extracted by: color histogram of HSV image and color histogram of opponent image to describe the color, Gabor filters and Ranklet transform for RGB image to describe the texture. The proposed hybrid clustering method is a clustering process for database of each feature using k-means algorithm enhanced by ABC algorithm. The innovation in this approach is that each solution in ABC algorithm represents the centroids of clusters that come out from applying k-means algorithm. The proposed method is applied on Wang dataset (1000 images in 10 classes) and evaluated by comparing the test results of the proposed scheme with another existing method uses same database. The results proved that the proposed method is superior to the existing method in terms of the precision in 6 out of 10 categories of WANG dataset, such that the average of the precisions for all categories is 0.8093

Advances in Meta-Heuristic Optimization Algorithms in Big Data Text Clustering

This paper presents a comprehensive survey of the meta-heuristic optimization algorithms on the text clustering applications and highlights its main procedures. These Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms are recognized as promising swarm intelligence methods due to their successful ability to solve machine learning problems, especially text clustering problems. This paper reviews all of the relevant literature on meta-heuristic-based text clustering applications, including many variants, such as basic, modified, hybridized, and multi-objective methods. As well, the main procedures of text clustering and critical discussions are given. Hence, this review reports its advantages and disadvantages and recommends potential future research paths. The main keywords that have been considered in this paper are text, clustering, meta-heuristic, optimization, and algorithm

An Evolutionary Optimization Algorithm for Automated Classical Machine Learning

Machine learning is an evolving branch of computational algorithms that allow computers to learn from experiences, make predictions, and solve different problems without being explicitly programmed. However, building a useful machine learning model is a challenging process, requiring human expertise to perform various proper tasks and ensure that the machine learning\u27s primary objective --determining the best and most predictive model-- is achieved. These tasks include pre-processing, feature selection, and model selection. Many machine learning models developed by experts are designed manually and by trial and error. In other words, even experts need the time and resources to create good predictive machine learning models. The idea of automated machine learning (AutoML) is to automate a machine learning pipeline to release the burden of substantial development costs and manual processes. The algorithms leveraged in these systems have different hyper-parameters. On the other hand, different input datasets have various features. In both cases, the final performance of the model is closely related to the final selected configuration of features and hyper-parameters. That is why they are considered as crucial tasks in the AutoML. The challenges regarding the computationally expensive nature of tuning hyper-parameters and optimally selecting features create significant opportunities for filling the research gaps in the AutoML field. This dissertation explores how to select the features and tune the hyper-parameters of conventional machine learning algorithms efficiently and automatically. To address the challenges in the AutoML area, novel algorithms for hyper-parameter tuning and feature selection are proposed. The hyper-parameter tuning algorithm aims to provide the optimal set of hyper-parameters in three conventional machine learning models (Random Forest, XGBoost and Support Vector Machine) to obtain best scores regarding performance. On the other hand, the feature selection algorithm looks for the optimal subset of features to achieve the highest performance. Afterward, a hybrid framework is designed for both hyper-parameter tuning and feature selection. The proposed framework can discover close to the optimal configuration of features and hyper-parameters. The proposed framework includes the following components: (1) an automatic feature selection component based on artificial bee colony algorithms and machine learning training, and (2) an automatic hyper-parameter tuning component based on artificial bee colony algorithms and machine learning training for faster training and convergence of the learning models. The whole framework has been evaluated using four real-world datasets in different applications. This framework is an attempt to alleviate the challenges of hyper-parameter tuning and feature selection by using efficient algorithms. However, distributed processing, distributed learning, parallel computing, and other big data solutions are not taken into consideration in this framework

30th Anniversary of Applied Intelligence: A combination of bibliometrics and thematic analysis using SciMAT

Applied Intelligence is one of the most important international scientific journals in the field of artificial intelligence. From 1991, Applied Intelligence has been oriented to support research advances in new and innovative intelligent systems, methodologies, and their applications in solving real-life complex problems. In this way, Applied Intelligence hosts more than 2,400 publications and achieves around 31,800 citations. Moreover, Applied Intelligence is recognized by the industrial, academic, and scientific communities as a source of the latest innovative and advanced solutions in intelligent manufacturing, privacy-preserving systems, risk analysis, knowledge-based management, modern techniques to improve healthcare systems, methods to assist government, and solving industrial problems that are too complex to be solved through conventional approaches. Bearing in mind that Applied Intelligence celebrates its 30th anniversary in 2021, it is appropriate to analyze its bibliometric performance, conceptual structure, and thematic evolution. To do that, this paper conducts a bibliometric performance and conceptual structure analysis of Applied Intelligence from 1991 to 2020 using SciMAT. Firstly, the performance of the journal is analyzed according to the data retrieved from Scopus, putting the focus on the productivity of the authors, citations, countries, organizations, funding agencies, and most relevant publications. Finally, the conceptual structure of the journal is analyzed with the bibliometric software tool SciMAT, identifying the main thematic areas that have been the object of research and their composition, relationship, and evolution during the period analyzed

Enhancing Medical Imaging with Swarm Intelligence Algorithms

Medical imaging serves as an indispensable tool for the diagnosis and continuous monitoring of a diverse array of health conditions. A recent and exciting development in this field is the integration of Swarm Intelligence (SI) algorithms, which draw inspiration from the collective behaviors observed in social insects. This collaborative effort between nature and technology is progressively transforming medical image analysis, elevating both its quality and efficiency. In this book chapter we have presented various SI optimization algorithms like ACO, BCO, FA, FSA and WOA in detail. By exploring these algorithms, we aim to provide an in-depth understanding of their respective benefits and limitations when applied to medical image analysis. This knowledge empowers practitioners to choose the most appropriate algorithm for specific tasks, ensuring optimal outcomes. Furthermore, we shed light on SI-Based Segmentation methodologies, elucidating the advantages and constraints associated with these approaches. The ability of SI algorithms to innovate in the realms of image segmentation, feature extraction, and classification is emphasized, with a focus on their potential to enhance diagnostic accuracy and elevate the quality of patient care. One of the most exciting prospects on the horizon is the amalgamation of SI with cutting-edge technologies like deep learning and big data analytics. This union has the potential to revolutionize medical imaging by providing solutions that are not only more accurate and efficient but also highly clinically relevant. As these developments continue to unfold, the synergy between SI and emerging technologies promises to reshape the medical imaging landscape, ultimately enhancing patient care and improving healthcare outcomes in unprecedented way

Current Studies and Applications of Krill Herd and Gravitational Search Algorithms in Healthcare

Nature-Inspired Computing or NIC for short is a relatively young field that tries to discover fresh methods of computing by researching how natural phenomena function to find solutions to complicated issues in many contexts. As a consequence of this, ground-breaking research has been conducted in a variety of domains, including synthetic immune functions, neural networks, the intelligence of swarm, as well as computing of evolutionary. In the domains of biology, physics, engineering, economics, and management, NIC techniques are used. In real-world classification, optimization, forecasting, and clustering, as well as engineering and science issues, meta-heuristics algorithms are successful, efficient, and resilient. There are two active NIC patterns: the gravitational search algorithm and the Krill herd algorithm. The study on using the Krill Herd Algorithm (KH) and the Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA) in medicine and healthcare is given a worldwide and historical review in this publication. Comprehensive surveys have been conducted on some other nature-inspired algorithms, including KH and GSA. The various versions of the KH and GSA algorithms and their applications in healthcare are thoroughly reviewed in the present article. Nonetheless, no survey research on KH and GSA in the healthcare field has been undertaken. As a result, this work conducts a thorough review of KH and GSA to assist researchers in using them in diverse domains or hybridizing them with other popular algorithms. It also provides an in-depth examination of the KH and GSA in terms of application, modification, and hybridization. It is important to note that the goal of the study is to offer a viewpoint on GSA with KH, particularly for academics interested in investigating the capabilities and performance of the algorithm in the healthcare and medical domains.Comment: 35 page