Standardization in the field of composites

The modern era of composite materials begins at the end of the 19th century with the production of the first polymer–based artificial resins. Since then, the types and technologies of composite materials have been continuously developed and improved, until today. Their use in modern industry is progressively growing. That is why orderliness and regularity are necessary for the development, production, meeting of market requirements, exploitation and recycling of these materials. It can only be achieved through standards and standardization. Within the technical committee TC 61 of the International Organization for Standardization – ISO, the subcommittee ISO/TC 61/SC 13, which deals with composites and reinforcing fibres, operates. The American Society for Testing and Materials – ASTM International also publishes international standards. The D30 committee for composite materials operates within this organization. ISO/TC 61/SC 13 has existed since 1985, and ASTM/D30 since 1964. In this paper, an analysis of the number, types and dynamics of the publication of standards in the field of composites and related fields was carried out. Based on the analysis carried out, it was concluded that a large number of significant standards have been published, that the number of standards is increasing following the development of new composite materials, as well as that further expansion of the concept of standardization in the field of composites can be expected. The results shown here are the result of research supported by COST action CA21155 – Advanced Composites under HIgh STRAin RaTEs Loading: a route to certification–by–analysis (HISTRATE)

Review of the investigations of pulverized coal combustion processes in large power plants in laboratory for thermal engineering and energy: Part B

Paper presents short review of research problems, applied methods for solving problems and main results obtained by the researchers in Laboratory for Ther-mal Engineering and Energy (LTE) of the "Vinca" Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia dealing with pulverized coal combustion processes and tech-nologies for reduction of pollutions problems at thermal power plants in a period since 2000. The presented results were published in numerous studies realized for different users, Ph. D., Masters, and Specialist thesis, in international and domestic scientific journals and monographs, presented at numerous internation-al and domestic scientific conferences, etc. Presented research projects and re-sults of applied research projects realized at pulverized coal combustion thermal power plants clearly show that LTE team was involved in key activities of reha-bilitation and modernization, including implementation of best available technol-ogies for pollution reduction at thermal power plants, in the region of South East Europe

Intelligent control of the lime kiln process with respect to environmental requirements

Further reducing environmental impacts, such as reduced-sulfur emissions, will be among the major challenges facing the pulp and paper industry in the near future. It will not be easy to further decrease emissions at modern pulp mills because all the major emission sources have already been eliminated. New strategies, such as the prevention of emissions at their source, e.g. by means of improved control of the subsequent processes, will therefore undoubtedly be required in order to conform with the present and also future environmental requirements. An increase in the authorities and public's attention and awareness on environmental issues, together with intensifying interest in artificial intelligence (AI) and intelligent systems, were also prime motivator for this thesis work. The primary objective of the research, which has been carried out as a co-operative effort between academic and industrial parties, has been to lower of the total reduced-sulfur (TRS) emissions from a pulp mill by means of intelligent control techniques. The research was focused on the lime reburning process, which is one of the main sources of the TRS emissions at modern pulp mills. In addition, the environmental requirements for lime kilns have become tighter and even at well-managed mills, the emissions tend periodically to exceed the limits set by the authorities. It has also been widely recognized that control of the rotary kiln used for lime calcination is, in many respects, a demanding task. So far, most of the kilns have therefore been operated without supervisory-level control system. However, there are outstanding economical and the environmental improveme nt potentials associated with improved control. Hence, supervisory-level control of the lime reburning process is undoubtedly a prospective application for intelligent control techniques. In the first phase of the research, a comprehensive study of the operation of the lime reburning process was carried out at one of the major Finnish pulp mills, with special attention paid to the factors affecting the TRS emissions. The results showed that, in addition to the considerable enhancement potential in the performance of the kiln process operation, improved kiln control is also a feasible means to reduce emissions. An overall supervisory-level control schema that takes into account both the environmental and operational requirements, was then designed on the basis of the results of the study. The supervisory-level control system, embedded with a certain degree of intelligence, was then incrementally developed and implemented at the pulp mill. The control structure combines both feedforward (FF) control models and supervisory-level feedback (FB) controllers that are based on the linguistic equation (LE) approach, strengthened with certain capabilities for adaptation and constraint handling. Advanced capabilities and highly developed functionality of the control system were achieved by combining information from different knowledge sources, and by using appropriate techniques to solve each of the recognized problems. On the other hand, the complexity of the lime reburning process was handled by implementing a modular system structure, and by utilizing an incremental system development approach. The results obtained during extended testing periods of the system demonstrate that the proposed control schema can be successfully realized in an industrial environment, and that it provides quantifiable benefits in both the economical and ecological respect. The major benefit from the ecological point of the view was an almost 30 % decrease in the mean of the TRS emissions and a considerable reduction, about 90 %, in the proportion of peak emission periods. The main verified economical benefits were an increase of about 5 % in the long-term production capacity. Improvements in reburned lime quality and enhancements in energy efficiency were also obtained compared to the situation during manual operation.reviewe

Development of Life Cycle Assessment Based Air Quality Modeling and Decision Support System for the Mining Industry

Air quality in mining region has been facing many challenges due to lack of understanding of atmospheric factors and physical removal mechanism. Mining operations emit various types of pollutants which could violate the environmental guidelines. The development of an integrated approach is conceptualized in this thesis as life cycle assessment based air quality modeling system (LCAQMS) for the mining industry. LCAQMS consists of four primary models which are: (1) life cycle inventory model, (2) artificial neural network model, (3) mining-zone air dispersion model, and (4) decision analysis model. A graphical user interface (GUI) is built to integrate primary models to understand the pollutant’s fate from its generation (emission inventory) to its management (control decisions). The life cycle inventory (LCI) model is developed to determine emission inventory using inverse matrix method, and defined characterization methods are investigated to assess the environmental impact. Artificial neural network model is developed to analyze carbon footprints (CO2 equivalent) using backpropagation method. Mining-zone air dispersion model (MADM) is developed to generate the predicted concentration of air pollutants at various receptor levels by considering the deposition effect. The meteorological factors based on atmospheric stability conditions are determined by employing the Pasquill-Turner method (PTM). The decision analysis model comprises multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) method and air pollution control model (APCM) to provide air pollution control alternatives and optimize the cost-effective solutions, respectively. Monte Carlo simulation accomplishes the uncertainties in the system. Moreover, an environmental risk assessment (ERA) method is extended by integrating the APCM with a fuzzy set. The applicability of LCAQMS is explored through three different case studies of open-pit metal mining in North America. Inventory results first show the air emission load for each mining activity and allow to evaluate the emission impact by linking the inventory to each impact category. Then this study helps to quantify the carbon footprints for the gold and copper mines. Also, prediction of significant pollutants such as PM10, PM2.5, SO2, and NOx at ground level has been calculated. The results depict that dry deposition is a dominate physical removal mechanism in the mining area. The LCAQMS results are evaluated with the monitoring field values, particularly MADM results are statistically tested against California puff (CALPUFF) model. Additionally, atmospheric stability is examined by analyzing the relationship between modeled PM2.5 concentrations and mixing height based on seasonal variation and the diurnal cycle. In conclusion, LCAQMS can serve as a useful tool for the stakeholders to assess the impact, predict the air quality, and aid planners to minimize the pollutants at a marginal cost by suggesting control pollution techniques

Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for Waste Incineration: Industrial Emissions Directive 2010/75/EU (Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control)

The Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document (BREF) for Waste Incineration is part of a series of documents presenting the results of an exchange of information between EU Member States, the industries concerned, non-governmental organisations promoting environmental protection, and the Commission, to draw up, review and – where necessary – update BAT reference documents as required by Article 13(1) of Directive 2010/75/EU on Industrial Emissions (the Directive). This document ispublished by the European Commission pursuant to Article 13(6) of the Directive. The BREF for Waste Incineration covers the disposal or recovery of waste in waste incineration plants and waste co-incineration plants, and the disposal or recovery of waste involving the treatment of slags and/or bottom ashes from the incineration of waste. Important issues for the implementation of Directive 2010/75/EU in the waste incineration (WI) sector include emissions to air, emissions to water, and the efficiency of the recovery of energy and of materials from the waste. Chapter 1 provides general information on the WI sector. Chapter 2 provides information on the common processes and general techniques that are applied across the WI sector for: the pre-treatment, storage and handling of different types of waste; the thermal treatment; energy recovery; flue-gas cleaning; waste water treatment; and the treatment of solid residues. Chapter 3 reports the current ranges of the emission and consumption levels reported in the WI sector. Techniques to consider in the determination of BAT (i.e. techniques that are widely applied in the WI sector) are reported in Chapter 4. Chapter 5 presents the BAT conclusions as defined in Article 3(12) of the Directive. Chapter 6 presents information on 'emerging techniques' as defined in Article 3(14) of the Directive. Chapter 7 contains concluding remarks and recommendations for future work.JRC.B.5-Circular Economy and Industrial Leadershi

INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF RESOURCE-SAVING TECHNOLOGIES AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 3rd INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL CONFERENCE

Місце збереження: https://www.upet.ro/cercetare/manifestari/Krivoi_Rog_2020_Book_of_Abstracts.pd

Intelligent Circuits and Systems

ICICS-2020 is the third conference initiated by the School of Electronics and Electrical Engineering at Lovely Professional University that explored recent innovations of researchers working for the development of smart and green technologies in the fields of Energy, Electronics, Communications, Computers, and Control. ICICS provides innovators to identify new opportunities for the social and economic benefits of society.　 This conference bridges the gap between academics and R&D institutions, social visionaries, and experts from all strata of society to present their ongoing research activities and foster research relations between them. It provides opportunities for the exchange of new ideas, applications, and experiences in the field of smart technologies and finding global partners for future collaboration. The ICICS-2020 was conducted in two broad categories, Intelligent Circuits & Intelligent Systems and Emerging Technologies in Electrical Engineering

A design guide for energy-efficient research laboratories

This document--A Design Guide for Energy-Efficient Research Laboratories--provides a detailed and holistic framework to assist designers and energy managers in identifying and applying advanced energy-efficiency features in laboratory-type environments. The Guide fills an important void in the general literature and compliments existing in-depth technical manuals. Considerable information is available pertaining to overall laboratory design issues, but no single document focuses comprehensively on energy issues in these highly specialized environments. Furthermore, practitioners may utilize many antiquated rules of thumb, which often inadvertently cause energy inefficiency. The Guide helps its user to: introduce energy decision-making into the earliest phases of the design process, access the literature of pertinent issues, and become aware of debates and issues on related topics. The Guide does focus on individual technologies, as well as control systems, and important operational factors such as building commissioning. However, most importantly, the Guide is intended to foster a systems perspective (e.g. right sizing) and to present current leading-edge, energy-efficient design practices and principles