Survey and Evaluation of Advanced Mobility Management Schemes in the Host Identity Layer

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Game theory for dynamic spectrum sharing cognitive radio

This thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and was awarded by Brunel University on 21 June 2010.‘Game Theory’ is the formal study of conflict and cooperation. The theory is based on a set of tools that have been developed in order to assist with the modelling and analysis of individual, independent decision makers. These actions potentially affect any decisions, which are made by other competitors. Therefore, it is well suited and capable of addressing the various issues linked to wireless communications. This work presents a Green Game-Based Hybrid Vertical Handover Model. The model is used for heterogeneous wireless networks, which combines both dynamic (Received Signal Strength and Node Mobility) and static (Cost, Power Consumption and Bandwidth) factors. These factors control the handover decision process; whereby the mechanism successfully eliminates any unnecessary handovers, reduces delay and overall number of handovers to 50% less and 70% less dropped packets and saves 50% more energy in comparison to other mechanisms. A novel Game-Based Multi-Interface Fast-Handover MIPv6 protocol is introduced in this thesis as an extension to the Multi-Interface Fast-handover MIPv6 protocol. The protocol works when the mobile node has more than one wireless interface. The protocol controls the handover decision process by deciding whether a handover is necessary and helps the node to choose the right access point at the right time. In addition, the protocol switches the mobile nodes interfaces ‘ON’ and ‘OFF’ when needed to control the mobile node’s energy consumption and eliminate power lost of adding another interface. The protocol successfully reduces the number of handovers to 70%, 90% less dropped packets, 40% more received packets and acknowledgments and 85% less end-to-end delay in comparison to other Protocols. Furthermore, the thesis adapts a novel combination of both game and auction theory in dynamic resource allocation and price-power-based routing in wireless Ad-Hoc networks. Under auction schemes, destinations nodes bid the information data to access to the data stored in the server node. The server will allocate the data to the winner who values it most. Once the data has been allocated to the winner, another mechanism for dynamic routing is adopted. The routing mechanism is based on the source-destination cooperation, power consumption and source-compensation to the intermediate nodes. The mechanism dramatically increases the seller’s revenue to 50% more when compared to random allocation scheme and briefly evaluates the reliability of predefined route with respect to data prices, source and destination cooperation for different network settings. Last but not least, this thesis adjusts an adaptive competitive second-price pay-to-bid sealed auction game and a reputation-based game. This solves the fairness problems associated with spectrum sharing amongst one primary user and a large number of secondary users in a cognitive radio environment. The proposed games create a competition between the bidders and offers better revenue to the players in terms of fairness to more than 60% in certain scenarios. The proposed game could reach the maximum total profit for both primary and secondary users with better fairness; this is illustrated through numerical results

Towards seamless inter-technology handovers in vehicular IPv6 communications

Network mobility plays an important role in communications when using different access networks while maintaining application sessions. This is the case of vehicular networks used by the emerging Cooperative Intelligent Transport System (C-ITS), where vehicles are constantly moving, changing their access network. Standardization bodies like IETF, and particular proposals in the literature, have already defined mobility mechanisms by using widely used Internet technologies. The usefulness of these mechanisms in vehicular networks is clear when using IPv6, however, its performance suffer from the high mobility of nodes, the fluctuating performance of communication technologies, and the need for a decision mechanism to choose a proper attachment point among the available access networks on roads. For this reason, here we propose an instantiation of the ISO/ETSI reference architecture for vehicular cooperative systems, by deploying a real vehicular network based on IPv6, as well as a mobility service provided by Network Mobility Basic Support (NEMO) and the Multiple Care of Addresses Registration (MCoA) extension. This mobility solution is embedded into a framework that integrates the IEEE 802.21 technology, which provides a greater control over the handover process. The resulting architecture not only provides a seamless handover but also supports the decision making when searching for the most suitable target network. Our experiments reveal that our combined NEMO/MCoA/802.21 system within a vehicular communication stack is able to provide uninterrupted communications during handovers with a dramatic reduction in the time needed by this process.This work has been sponsored by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through the EDISON project (contract TIN2014-52099-R) and the Spanish Department of Transport (DGT) through the S-CICLO project (contract SPIP2015-01757)

Boosting mobility performance with multi-path TCP

Proceeding of: Future Network & Mobile Summit 2010, 16 - 18 June 2010, Florence, ItalyFourth Generation mobile devices incorporate multiple interfaces with diverse access technologies. The current Mobile IP protocol fails to support the enhanced fault tolerance capabilities that are enabled by the availability of multiple interfaces. In particular, established Mobile IP communications cannot be preserved through outages affecting the Home Address. In this paper we describe an architecture for mobile host multihoming that enables transport layer survivability through multiple failure modes. The proposed approach relies on the cooperation between Mobile IP and Multi-Path TCP and aims to fully support multihoming and extend roaming capabilities of mobile devices.This research was supported by Trilogy (http://www.trilogy-project.org), a research project (ICT-216372) partially funded by the European Community under its Seventh Framework Programme.European Community's Seventh Framework ProgramNo publicad

QoE de streaming de vídeo em redes veiculares com multihoming

With the ever-increasing interest and availability of vehicular networks, it is important to study the Quality-of-Experience provided by these networks, which ultimately determines the general public perception and thus the overall user adoption. The broad Internet access, the evolution of user equipment, such as smartphones, tablets and personal computers, and the appearance of services like Youtube and Netflix, is leading the user content consumption to be more and more in the form of video streaming. Either motivated by safety or commercial applications, video streaming in such highly mobile environments offers multiple challenges. This dissertation evaluates the QoE of a multihoming communication strategy, supported simultaneously byWAVE and Wi-Fi, for increasing the reliability and performance of video streams in these environments. Furthermore, it also investigates how distinct network functionalities, such as multihoming load balance, buffering, and network metrics such as throughput and latency affect the overall QoE observed. The results obtained led to the proposal of a multihoming load balance policy for video applications based on access technologies, aiming to improve QoE. The overall results show that QoE improves by 7.5% using the proposed approach.Com o aumento contínuo do interesse e disponibilidade de redes veiculares, é importante agora estudar a Qualidade de Experiência fornecida por estas redes, que fundamentalmente determina a opinião e a percepção do público geral sobre um dado serviço. O vasto acesso à Internet, a evolução dos equipamentos, como os telemóveis atuais, tablets e computadores pessoais, e o aparecimento de serviços como o YouTube e o Netflix, está a fazer com que o conteúdo mais consumido seja cada vez mais em forma de streaming de vídeo. Quer seja motivado por aplicações de segurança ou comerciais, o streaming de vídeo em ambientes altamente móveis levanta vários desafios. Esta dissertação avalia a Qualidade de Experiência de técnicas de multihoming, permitindo o uso de diferentes tecnologias de comunicação, como o WAVE e o Wi-Fi, para aumentar a fiabilidade e desempenho de streams de vídeo nestes ambientes. Para além disso, investiga também como é que diferentes mecanismos de rede, como o balanceamento, multihoming e o buffering, e métricas como a taxa de transferência e latência, afetam a QoE observada. Os resultados obtidos levaram à proposta de uma política de divisão de tráfego para aplicações de vídeo baseada em tecnologias de acesso para situações de multihoming, visando uma melhoria da QoE do utilizador. Utilizando o método proposto, os resultados mostram que a experiência do utilizador tem uma melhoria de 7,5%.Mestrado em Engenharia de Computadores e Telemátic