Strategically Managing the Value Creation and Productivity Paradox of Artificial Intelligence : The General Purpose Technology View

ABSTRACT This doctoral dissertation explores the strategic management of artificial intelligence as a general purpose technology and its value creation in the context of multiple industries. I study what makes AI-based value creation challenging from the management and organization perspective despite the high technological performance of AI. I analyze this through five sub-research questions, and by applying grounded theory. Empirically, I turn to 34 AI solution developers from 18 different industries who have both technical and business understanding of using AI. The AI solution developers suit this study because of their skills, capabilities, and power position to shape the present and future through the combined use of machine learning (ML) and other AI related technologies that are already impacting our daily lives in and out of work context. The extant literature on AI in premium outlets on general management and organizational studies can be typified into five AI use phases: 1) antecedents of AI use, 2) AI use, 3) (empirical) impacts of AI use, 4) expected (cumulative) impacts of AI, and 5) AI-related paradigm shift. The five sub-research questions of this doctoral dissertation explore the definition of AI and the use phases 1-4 by approaching AI as the subject of study. The fifth AI use phase is excluded from this study as it would require using AI also as the research method. The main contributions of this doctoral thesis include giving an overview of AI in management and organization, and pre-theoretically identifying the technical and socially constructed decision-making criteria for AI investments, six AI use types, how empirical AI impacts have been measured, what temporal dimensions are expected to be impacted by AI, and what AI strategies organizations have already adopted to create AI-based value and overcome its productivity paradox. KEYWORDS: Artificial intelligence, machine learning, strategic management, value creation, automation, augmentation, hybrid intelligence, conjoined agencyTIIVISTELMÄ Tämä väitöskirja keskittyy tekoälypohjaisen arvonluonnin strategiseen johtamiseen yli teollisuudenalarajojen. Lähestyn tekoälyä korkean suorituskyvyn omaavana yleiskäyttöisenä teknologiana ja analysoin ilmiö- ja aineistopohjaisesti sitä, mikä tekee tekoälypohjaisesta arvonluonnista silti haastavaa johtamisen ja organisoinnin näkökulmasta viiden alatutkimuskysymyksen avulla. Haastattelin tätä työtä varten 34 tekoälyratkaisuja 18 eri teollisuudenalalla kehittävää asiantuntijaa. He sopivat haastateltaviksi, koska heillä on alan osaamista sekä teknisestä että käytännön sovellusten näkökulmasta, ja koska heillä on valta-asema kehittää koneoppimiseen ja muihin tekoälyteknologoihin pohjautuvia ratkaisuja, jotka jo vaikuttavat päivittäiseen elämäämme työelämässä ja sen ulkopuolella. Yleisen johtamisen ja organisaatiotutkimuksen huippujulkaisuista kerätty kirjallisuus voidaan jakaa viiteen tekoälyn käyttövaiheeseen: 1) tekoälyn käyttöä edeltävät tekijät, 2) tekoälyn käyttö, 3) tekoälyn (empiiriset) vaikutukset, 4) odotettavissa olevat tekoälyn (kumulatiiviset) vaikutukset, sekä 5) tekoälyyn liittyvät paradigman muutokset. Tämän väitöskirjan viisi alatutkimuskysymystä keskittyvät tekoälyn määritelmään sekä tekoälyn käyttövaiheisiin 1-4. Viides tekoälyn käyttövaihe on jätetty tämän tutkimuksen ulkopuolelle, koska se vaatisi tekoälyn käyttöä myös tutkimusmetodina. Tämän tutkimuksen päätuotokset luovat yleiskuvan tekoälystä johtamisen ja organisoinnin kirjallisuudessa. Empiiriset tulokset tyypittelevät investointi-päätöksiin vaikuttavia tekijöitä, sekä kuusi erilaista tekoälyn käyttötapausta. Analysoin, miten tekoälyn vaikutuksia on mitattu, mihin aikaan liittyviin tekijöihin tekoälyn odotetaan vaikuttavan, ja mitä tekoälystrategioita organisaatiot ovat jo omaksuneet luodakseen arvoa ja ylittääkseen tekoälyn tuottavuusparadoksin. ASIASANAT: Artificial intelligence, machine learning, strategic management, value creation, automation, augmentation, hybrid intelligence, conjoined agenc

Opportunities and Challenges of Applying Artificial Intelligence in the Financial Sectors and Startups during the Coronavirus Outbreak

Purpose: The main goal of this article is the comprehensive study of the applications of artificial intelligence in financial sectors in addition to startups and its impacts on such cases along with Covid19. Methodology: we have tried to study the applications of artificial intelligence in different areas especially financial fields such as accounting, auditing, management, capital market, banking etc. On the other hand, we have studied the impacts of artificial intelligence on startups during Covid-19 too. Findings: The results showed that AI can be a powerful tool in financial fields such as investment advice, asset allocation, fraud detection, portfolio management and etc. and startups such as increasing production and productivity, time management, data management and analysis and etc. during the Covid-19 outbreaks and it can decrease the harmful effects of Coronavirus. Thus, timely actions can be taken. Originality/Value: The main contribution of this paper is a comprehensive and specialized look at the discussion of the applications of artificial intelligence in the field of finance as well as startups during Covid19. We have tried to consider subjects and contents which cover most of the paper

A Framework for Leveraging Artificial Intelligence in Project Management

Dissertation presented as the partial requirement for obtaining a Master's degree in Information Management, specialization in Information Systems and Technologies ManagementThis dissertation aims to support the project manager in their daily tasks. As we use artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in everyday life, it is necessary to include them in business and change traditional ways of working. For the purpose of this study, it is essential to understand challenges and areas of project management and how artificial intelligence can contribute to them. A theoretical overview, applying the knowledge of project management, will show a holistic view of the current situation in the enterprises. The research is about artificial intelligence applications in project management, the common activities in project management, the biggest challenges, and how AI and ML can support it. Understanding project managers help create a framework that will contribute to optimizing their tasks. After designing and developing the framework for applying artificial intelligence to project management, the project managers were asked to evaluate. This study is essential to increase awareness among the stakeholders and enterprises on how automation of the processes can be improved and how AI and ML can decrease the possibility of risk and cost along with improving the happiness and efficiency of the employees

Journey of Artificial Intelligence Frontier: A Comprehensive Overview

The field of Artificial Intelligence AI is a transformational force with limitless promise in the age of fast technological growth This paper sets out on a thorough tour through the frontiers of AI providing a detailed understanding of its complex environment Starting with a historical context followed by the development of AI seeing its beginnings and growth On this journey fundamental ideas are explored looking at things like Machine Learning Neural Networks and Natural Language Processing Taking center stage are ethical issues and societal repercussions emphasising the significance of responsible AI application This voyage comes to a close by looking ahead to AI s potential for human-AI collaboration ground-breaking discoveries and the difficult obstacles that lie ahead This provides with a well-informed view on AI s past present and the unexplored regions it promises to explore by thoroughly navigating this terrai

Robot Consciousness: Physics and Metaphysics Here and Abroad

Interest has been renewed in the study of consciousness, both theoretical and applied, following developments in 20th and early 21st-century logic, metamathematics, computer science, and the brain sciences. In this evolving narrative, I explore several theoretical questions about the types of artificial intelligence and offer several conjectures about how they affect possible future developments in this exceptionally transformative field of research. I also address the practical significance of the advances in artificial intelligence in view of the cautions issued by prominent scientists, politicians, and ethicists about the possible dangers of such sufficiently advanced general intelligence, including by implication the search for extraterrestrial intelligence

Proceedings of the GPEA Polytechnic Summit 2022: Session Papers

Welcome to GPEA PS 2022 Each year the Polytechnic Summit assembles leaders, influencers and contributors who shape the future of polytechnic education. The Polytechnic Summit provides a forum to enable opportunities for collaboration and partnerships and for participants to focus on innovation in curriculum and pedagogy, to share best practices in active and applied learning, and discuss practice-based research to enhance student learning. This year a view on the aspects of applied research will be added. How to conduct research in a teaching first environment and make use of this. Which characteristics of applied research are important to be used in teaching and vice versa?The Summit will – once again - also provide an opportunity to examine the challenges and opportunities presented by COVID-19 and will offer us all an opportunity to explore the ways in which we can collaborate more effectively using our new-found virtual engagement skills and prepare for a hybrid future. PS2022 Themes: Design (Programmes, Curriculum, Organisation);Practice-Based Learning;Applied Research; Employability and Graduate Skills; Internationalisation, Global Teaching & Collaboration and Sustainability Theme