Performance-oriented Cloud Provisioning: Taxonomy and Survey

Cloud computing is being viewed as the technology of today and the future. Through this paradigm, the customers gain access to shared computing resources located in remote data centers that are hosted by cloud providers (CP). This technology allows for provisioning of various resources such as virtual machines (VM), physical machines, processors, memory, network, storage and software as per the needs of customers. Application providers (AP), who are customers of the CP, deploy applications on the cloud infrastructure and then these applications are used by the end-users. To meet the fluctuating application workload demands, dynamic provisioning is essential and this article provides a detailed literature survey of dynamic provisioning within cloud systems with focus on application performance. The well-known types of provisioning and the associated problems are clearly and pictorially explained and the provisioning terminology is clarified. A very detailed and general cloud provisioning classification is presented, which views provisioning from different perspectives, aiding in understanding the process inside-out. Cloud dynamic provisioning is explained by considering resources, stakeholders, techniques, technologies, algorithms, problems, goals and more.Comment: 14 pages, 3 figures, 3 table

Notes on Cloud computing principles

This letter provides a review of fundamental distributed systems and economic Cloud computing principles. These principles are frequently deployed in their respective fields, but their inter-dependencies are often neglected. Given that Cloud Computing first and foremost is a new business model, a new model to sell computational resources, the understanding of these concepts is facilitated by treating them in unison. Here, we review some of the most important concepts and how they relate to each other

InterCloud: Utility-Oriented Federation of Cloud Computing Environments for Scaling of Application Services

Cloud computing providers have setup several data centers at different geographical locations over the Internet in order to optimally serve needs of their customers around the world. However, existing systems do not support mechanisms and policies for dynamically coordinating load distribution among different Cloud-based data centers in order to determine optimal location for hosting application services to achieve reasonable QoS levels. Further, the Cloud computing providers are unable to predict geographic distribution of users consuming their services, hence the load coordination must happen automatically, and distribution of services must change in response to changes in the load. To counter this problem, we advocate creation of federated Cloud computing environment (InterCloud) that facilitates just-in-time, opportunistic, and scalable provisioning of application services, consistently achieving QoS targets under variable workload, resource and network conditions. The overall goal is to create a computing environment that supports dynamic expansion or contraction of capabilities (VMs, services, storage, and database) for handling sudden variations in service demands. This paper presents vision, challenges, and architectural elements of InterCloud for utility-oriented federation of Cloud computing environments. The proposed InterCloud environment supports scaling of applications across multiple vendor clouds. We have validated our approach by conducting a set of rigorous performance evaluation study using the CloudSim toolkit. The results demonstrate that federated Cloud computing model has immense potential as it offers significant performance gains as regards to response time and cost saving under dynamic workload scenarios.Comment: 20 pages, 4 figures, 3 tables, conference pape

ENORM: A Framework For Edge NOde Resource Management

Current computing techniques using the cloud as a centralised server will become untenable as billions of devices get connected to the Internet. This raises the need for fog computing, which leverages computing at the edge of the network on nodes, such as routers, base stations and switches, along with the cloud. However, to realise fog computing the challenge of managing edge nodes will need to be addressed. This paper is motivated to address the resource management challenge. We develop the first framework to manage edge nodes, namely the Edge NOde Resource Management (ENORM) framework. Mechanisms for provisioning and auto-scaling edge node resources are proposed. The feasibility of the framework is demonstrated on a PokeMon Go-like online game use-case. The benefits of using ENORM are observed by reduced application latency between 20% - 80% and reduced data transfer and communication frequency between the edge node and the cloud by up to 95\%. These results highlight the potential of fog computing for improving the quality of service and experience.Comment: 14 pages; accepted to IEEE Transactions on Services Computing on 12 September 201

Towards Efficient Resource Provisioning in Hadoop

Considering recent exponential growth in the amount of information processed in Big Data, the high energy consumed by data processing engines in datacenters has become a major issue, underlining the need for efficient resource allocation for better energy-efficient computing. This thesis proposes the Best Trade-off Point (BToP) method which provides a general approach and techniques based on an algorithm with mathematical formulas to find the best trade-off point on an elbow curve of performance vs. resources for efficient resource provisioning in Hadoop MapReduce and Apache Spark. Our novel BToP method is expected to work for any applications and systems which rely on a tradeoff curve with an elbow shape, non-inverted or inverted, for making good decisions. This breakthrough method for optimal resource provisioning was not available before in the scientific, computing, and economic communities. To illustrate the effectiveness of the BToP method on the ubiquitous Hadoop MapReduce, our Terasort experiment shows that the number of task resources recommended by the BToP algorithm is always accurate and optimal when compared to the ones suggested by three popular rules of thumbs. We also test the BToP method on the emerging cluster computing framework Apache Spark running in YARN cluster mode. Despite the effectiveness of Spark’s robust and sophisticated built-in dynamic resource allocation mechanism, which is not available in MapReduce, the BToP method could still consistently outperform it according to our Spark-Bench Terasort test results. The performance efficiency gained from the BToP method not only leads to significant energy saving but also improves overall system throughput and prevents cluster underutilization in a multi-tenancy environment. In General, the BToP method is preferable for workloads with identical resource consumption signatures in production environment where job profiling for behavioral replication will lead to the most efficient resource provisioning

Towards efficient resource provisioning in MapReduce

The paper presents a novel approach and algorithm with mathematical formula for obtaining the exact optimal number of task resources for any workload running on HadoopMapReduce. In the era of Big Data, energy efficiency has become an important issue for the ubiquitous Hadoop MapReduce framework. However, the question of what is the optimal number of tasks required for a job to get the most efficient performance from MapReduce still has no definite answer. Our algorithm for optimal resource provisioning allows users to identify the best trade-off point between performance and energy efficiency on the runtime elbow curve fitted from sampled executions on the target cluster for subsequent behavioral replication. Our verification and comparison show that the currently well-known rules of thumb for calculating the required number of reduce tasks are inaccurate and could lead to significant waste of computing resources and energy with no further improvement in execution time