Energy Efficient and Adaptive Design for Wireless Power Transfer in Electric Vehicles

Wireless power transfer (WPT) could revolutionize global transportation and accelerate growth in the Electric Vehicle (EV) market, offering an attractive alternative to cabled charging. Coil misalignment is inevitable due to driver parking behaviour and has a detrimental effect on power transfer efficiency (PTE). This paper proposes a novel coil design and adaptive hardware to improve PTE in magnetic resonant coupling WPT and mitigate coil misalignment, a crucial roadblock in its acceptance. The new design was verified using ADS, providing a good match to theoretical analysis. Custom designed receiver and transmitter circuitry was used to simulate vehicle and parking bay conditions and obtain PTE data in a small-scale setup. Experimental results showed that PTE can be improved by 30% at the array's centre, and an impressive 90% when misaligned by 3/4 of the arrays radius. The proposed novel coil array achieves overall higher PTE compared to the benchmark single coil design

Modeling of Magnetic Resonance Wireless Electric Vehicle Charging

Due to the fast-growing market for an electric vehicle, it is necessary that the drawbacks involved in electric vehicle technology should be overcome, therefore introducing a wireless charging technique which is more convenient as battery cost, recharge time and weight has been removed. Different wireless charging techniques for electric vehicles are discussed. This research work investigates the feasibility of wireless power transfer for Electric Vehicles by electromagnetic resonance coupling. Wireless power transfer (WPT) for Electric Vehicles by magnetic resonance coupling is of high priority due to its efficiency, high power transmission, and more considerable charging distance. Simulation results show the energy transfer efficiency between two magnetically coupled resonating coils. However, results show the effects of parameters such as an inductor, capacitor, load and coupling coefficient on efficiency. Additionally, implementation of a closed loop circuit using a three-level cascaded PI controller for the dynamic wireless electric vehicle charging to eliminate the variation of voltage because of varied spacing existing between both coils as the vehicle is in motion and thereby delivering a constant voltage and constant current to the load is carried out. Simulation results and comparison with a single level PI controller indicate the effectiveness of the control method. A fuzzy logic and neuro-fuzzy controller are implemented for the wireless electric vehicle transfer which is seen to be more robust than the PI controller as there is no undershoot in the output voltage. Furthermore, wireless power transfer with three - level cascaded PI controller with MPPT is designed. The proposed system consists of a solar PV array, boost DC/DC converter, inverter, transmitter coil, a receiver coil, rectifier, buck converter, and batteries. The design of the MPPT controller tracks the highest voltage and current from the PV array required to charge a battery in which the highest power point voltage is 61.5 V. The stability analysis for the closed-loop system has been done and the system is asymptotically stable

Wireless Power Transfer Technology for Electric Vehicle Charging

In the years 1884-1889, after Nicola Tesla invented "Tesla Coil", wireless power transfer (WPT) technology is in front of the world. WPT technologies can be categorized into three groups: inductive based WPT, magnetic resonate coupling (MRC) based WPT and electromagnetic radiation based WPT. MRC-WPT is advantageous with respect to its high safety and long transmission distance. Thus it plays an important role in the design of wireless electric vehicle (EV) charging systems. The most significant drawback of all WPT systems is the low efficiency of the energy transferred. Most losses happen during the transfer from coil to coil. This thesis proposes a novel coil design and adaptive hardware to improve power transfer efficiency (PTE) in magnetic resonant coupling WPT and mitigate coil misalignment, a crucial roadblock to the acceptance of WPT for EV. In addition, I do some analysis of multiple segmented transmitters design for dynamic wireless EVs charging and propose an adaptive renewable (wind) energy-powered dynamic wireless charging system for EV

E-Mobility -- Advancements and Challenges

Mobile platforms cover a broad range of applications from small portable electric devices, drones, and robots to electric transportation, which influence the quality of modern life. The end-to-end energy systems of these platforms are moving toward more electrification. Despite their wide range of power ratings and diverse applications, the electrification of these systems shares several technical requirements. Electrified mobile energy systems have minimal or no access to the power grid, and thus, to achieve long operating time, ultrafast charging or charging during motion as well as advanced battery technologies are needed. Mobile platforms are space-, shape-, and weight-constrained, and therefore, their onboard energy technologies such as the power electronic converters and magnetic components must be compact and lightweight. These systems should also demonstrate improved efficiency and cost-effectiveness compared to traditional designs. This paper discusses some technical challenges that the industry currently faces moving toward more electrification of energy conversion systems in mobile platforms, herein referred to as E-Mobility, and reviews the recent advancements reported in literature