Emerging infectious diseases

Emerging Infectious Diseases is providing access to these abstracts on behalf of the ICEID 2012 program committee (www.iceid.org), which performed peer review. Emerging Infectious Diseases has not edited or proofread these materials and is not responsible for inaccuracies or omissions. All information is subject to change. Comments and corrections should be brought to the attention of the authors.Influenza preparedness: lessons learned -- Policy implications and infectious diseases -- Improving preparedness for infectious diseases -- New or rapid diagnostics -- Foodborne and waterborne infections -- Effective and sustainable surveillance platforms -- Healthcare-associated infections -- Molecular epidemiology -- Antimicrobial resistance -- Tropical infections and parasitic diseases -- H1N1 influenza -- Risk Assessment -- Laboratory Support -- Zoonotic and Animal Diseases -- Viral Hepatitis -- E1. Zoonotic and animal diseases -- E2. Vaccine issues -- E3. H1N1 influenza -- E4. Novel surveillance systems -- E5. Antimicrobial resistance -- E6. Late-breakers I -- Antimicrobial resistance -- Influenza preparedness: lessons learned -- Zoonotic and animal diseases -- Improving preparedness for infectious diseases -- Laboratory support -- Early warning systems -- H1N1 influenza -- Policy implications and infectious diseases -- Modeling -- Molecular epidemiology -- Novel surveillance systems -- Tropical infections and parasitic diseases -- Strengthening public health systems -- Immigrant and refugee health -- Foodborne and waterborne infections -- Healthcare-associated infections -- Foodborne and waterborne infections -- New or rapid diagnostics -- Improving global health equity for infectious diseases -- Vulnerable populations -- Novel agents of public health importance -- Influenza preparedness: lessons learned -- Molecular epidemiology -- Zoonotic and animal diseases -- Vaccine-preventable diseases -- Outbreak investigation: lab and epi response -- H1N1 influenza -- laboratory support -- effective and sustainable surveillance platforms -- new vaccines -- vector-borne diseases and climate change -- travelers' health -- J1. Vectorborne diseases and climate change -- J2. Policy implications and infectious diseases -- J3. Influenza preparedness: lessons learned -- J4. Effective and sustainable surveillance platforms -- J5. Outbreak investigation: lab and epi response I -- J6. Late-breakers II -- Strengthening public health systems -- Bacterial/viral coinfections -- H1N1 influenza -- Novel agents of public health importance -- Foodborne and waterborne infections -- New challenges for old vaccines -- Vectorborne diseases and climate change -- Novel surveillance systems -- Geographic information systems (GIS) -- Improving global health equity for infectious diseases -- Vaccine preventable diseases -- Vulnerable populations -- Laboratory support -- Prevention challenges for respiratory diseases -- Zoonotic and animal diseases -- Outbreak investigation: lab and epi response -- Vectorborne diseases and climate change -- Outbreak investigation: lab and epi response -- Laboratory proficiency testing/quality assurance -- Effective and sustainable surveillance platforms -- Sexually transmitted diseases -- H1N1 influenza -- Surveillance of vaccine-preventable diseases -- Foodborne and waterborne infections -- Role of health communication -- Emerging opportunistic infections -- Host and microbial genetics -- Respiratory infections in special populations -- Zoonotic and animal diseases -- Laboratory support -- Antimicrobial resistance -- Vulnerable populations -- Global vaccine initiatives -- Tuberculosis -- Prevention challenges for respiratory diseases -- Infectious causes of chronic diseases -- O1. Outbreak investigation: lab and epi response II -- O2. Prevention challenges for respiratory diseases -- O3. Populations at high risk for infectious diseases -- O4. Foodborne and waterborne infections -- O5. Laboratory support: surveillance and monitoring infections -- O6. Late-breakers IIIAbstracts published in advance of the conference

Program and abstracts book

"Organized by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists CSTE), the CDC Foundation (CDCF), the Association of Public Health Laboratories (APHL), and the World Health Organization (WHO), the American Society for Microbiology (ASM)."Includes index

Emerging infectious diseases

Emerging Infectious Diseases is providing access to these abstracts on behalf of the ICEID 2008 program committee, which performed peer review. Emerging Infectious Diseases has not edited or proofread these materials and is not responsible for inaccuracies or omissions. All information is subject to change.Comments and corrections should be brought to the attention of the authors.Slide Sessions -- Foodborne & waterborne diseases I -- Influenza I -- Surveillance: International -- Zoonotic & animal diseases I -- Methicillin-resistant stapylococcal infections -- Vectorborne diseases -- Foodborne & waterborne diseases II -- Influenza II -- Surveillance: Domestic -- Zoonotic & animal diseases II -- Noscomial infections -- Respiratory diseases -- Health communications -- Blood, organ, & tissue safety -- Tropical diseases -- New rapid diagnostics -- Mobile populations & infectious diseases -- Vaccine-preventable diseases -- Tuberculosis -- Sexually transmitted diseases -- -- Poster Abstracts -- Vaccines & vaccine-preventable diseases -- Antimicrobial resistance -- Climate changes -- Foodborne & waterborne infections -- Health communication -- Infectious causes of chronic diseases -- Influenza -- New or rapid diagnostics -- Nosocomial infections -- Outbreak investigation: Lab & epi response -- Sexually transmitted diseases -- Surveillance: International & new strategies -- Travelers' health & disease importation -- Tropical infections & parasitic diseases -- Vector-borne diseases -- Women, gender, sexual minorities & infectious diseases -- Zoonotic & animal diseases -- Vaccines & vaccine-preventable diseases -- Antimicrobial resistance -- Emerging aspects of HIV -- Foodborne & waterborne infections -- Health communication -- Molecular epidemiology -- Outbreak investigation: Lab & epi response -- Poverty & infectious diseases -- Surveillance: International & new strategies -- Tropical infections & parasitic diseases -- Vector-borne diseases -- Zoonotic & animal diseases -- Vaccines & vaccine-preventable diseases -- Antimicrobial resistance -- Blood, organ, & other tissue safety -- Foodborne & waterborne infections -- Host & microbial genetics -- Influenza -- Molecular epidemiology -- New or rapid diagnostics -- Outbreak investigation: Lab & epi response -- Prevention effectiveness, cost effectiveness, & cost studies -- Surveillance: International & new strategies -- Vector-borne diseases -- Zoonotic & animal diseases -- Vaccines & vaccine-preventable diseases -- Antimicrobial resistance -- Bioterrorism preparedness -- Emerging opportunistic infections -- Foodborne & waterborne infections -- Healthcare worker safety -- Influenza -- Laboratory proficiency testing/quality assurance -- Modeling -- Nosocomial infections -- Outbreak investigation: Lab & epi response -- Vector-borne diseases -- Viral hepatitis -- Zoonotic & animal diseases -- Vaccines & vaccine-preventable diseases -- Antimicrobial resistance -- Emerging opportunistic infections -- Foodborne & waterborne infections -- Influenza -- New or rapid diagnostics -- Nosocomial infections -- Outbreak investigation: Lab & epi response -- Social determinants of infectious disease disparities -- Surveillance: International & new strategies -- Tuberculosis -- Vector-borne diseases -- Zoonotic & animal diseases -- -- Additional Poster Abstracts.Abstracts published in advance of the conference

Emerging infectious diseases: coping with uncertainty

The world’s scientific community must be in a state of constant readiness to address the threat posed by newly emerging infectious diseases. Whether the disease in question is SARS in humans or BSE in animals, scientists must be able to put into action various disease containment measures when everything from the causative pathogen to route(s) of transmission is essentially uncertain. A robust epistemic framework, which will inform decision-making, is required under such conditions of uncertainty. I will argue that this framework should have reasoning at its centre and, specifically, that forms of reasoning beyond deduction and induction should be countenanced by scientists who are confronted with emerging infectious diseases. In previous articles, I have presented a case for treating certain so-called traditional informal fallacies as rationally acceptable forms of argument that can facilitate scientific inquiry when little is known about an emerging disease. In this paper, I want to extend that analysis by highlighting the unique features of these arguments that makes them specially adapted to cope with conditions of uncertainty. Of course, such a view of the informal fallacies must at least be consistent with the reasoning practices of scientists, and particularly those scientists (viz. epidemiologists) whose task it is to track and respond to newly emerging infectious diseases. To this end, I draw upon examples of scientific reasoning from the UK’s BSE crisis, a crisis that posed a significant threat to both human and animal health

Emerging infectious diseases

Uganda anses vara ett högriskland för utveckling av nya plötsligt uppdykande sjukdomar (emerging infectious diseases, EID). Grisproduktionen i Uganda har ökat drastiskt de senaste åren och en stor del av Ugandas grisar är frigående. De kan därför lätt komma i kontakt med vilda djur i deras närområde. Porcint circovirus 2 (PCV2) är ett ubikvitärt virus och etiologiskt agens för bland annat porcine multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). Förutom att infektera tamgrisar över hela världen så har PCV2 också visats kunna infektera vildsvin. PCV2 används i den här studien som ett modellvirus för transmissionsdynamik mellan vilda och tama djur då det är spritt bland grisar över hela världen, har viss genetisk variation och har hittats på både tama och vilda grisar. Målen för den här studien var att undersöka sjukdomstranmissionsdynamiken mellan vilda och tama djur i Uganda med PCV2 som modell, som ett led i EID-övervakningen, samt att uppskatta prevalensen av PCV2 bland domesticerade grisar i Uganda. Nittioen tamgrisar runt Murchison Falls nationalpark provtogs och analyserades med SybrGreen RT-PCR med avseende på tre olika PCV2 genogrupper, SG1, SG2 och SG3. Försök att fånga vårtsvin gjordes men tyvärr utan framgång. Därför kunde inte heller några slutsatser angående sjukdomstransmission mellan vilda och tama grisar dras. Alla tamgrisprover var negativa på PCR för SG1 och SG2 men för SG3 fanns en punktprevalens på 77%. SG3 är även känd som PCV2b och är den vanligaste genotypen av PCV2 i de flesta andra länder. PCV2b är även den genogrupp som mest associerats med PMWS. För framtida studier kan både Uganda och tama och vilda grisar vara viktiga områden att studera. Dels för att öka förståelsen för sjukdomstranmissionsdynamiken mellan tama och vilda djur och dels för EID-övervakning.Uganda is considered a “hotspot” for emerging infectious diseases (EIDs), meaning that it is a high-risk country for new infectious diseases to originate. The pig production is increasing drastically in Uganda and many of the pigs are free ranging and can come in contact with wildlife. Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) is a ubiquitous virus and causal agent of porcine multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). Not only is PCV2 found in domestic pigs all around the world but it has also been shown to infect wild boar. PCV2 is, in this study, used as a model for disease transmission dynamics because it is spread among pigs throughout the world, has some genetic variation and has been found in both domestic and wild pigs. The aims of this study were to investigate the disease transmission dynamics in the livestock- wildlife interface in Uganda with PCV2 as a model, as a part of the EID surveillance, and to estimate the prevalence of PCV2 in domestic pigs in Uganda. Ninety-one domestic pigs around Murchison Falls national park were sampled and analyzed with SybrGreen RT-PCR for three different PCV2 genogroups, SG1, SG2 and SG3. Attempts to catch warthogs were made but unfortunately without success. Consequently no conclusions regarding disease transmission between wild and domestic pigs could be made. The domestic pig samples were all negative for SG1 and SG2 but for SG3 a point prevalence of 77% was found. SG3 is also known as PCV2b and is the most common PCV2 type in most other countries as well. PCV2b is also the genogroup most associated with PMWS. For future projects both Uganda and suids could be important areas of study both for increasing the understanding of disease transmission dynamics in the livestock-wildlife interface and also for EID surveillance

Emerging Infectious Diseases

Description of infectious diseases emerging across the globe with explanation of factors contributing to emergence

Emerging Infectious Diseases

In 1998-1999, the Baltimore TB control program detected a cluster of 21 tuberculosis (TB) cases. Patients reported frequent travel to various East Coast cities. An investigation was conducted to determine whether transmission of the same Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain was occurring in these other localities. A collaborative investigation among federal, state, and local TB controllers included TB record reviews, interviews of patients, and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of selected M. tuberculosis isolates from diagnosed TB patients in several cities in 1996-2001. A national TB genotyping database was searched for RFLP patterns that matched the outbreak pattern. Eighteen additional outbreak-related cases were detected outside of Baltimore-the earliest diagnosed in New Jersey in 1996, and the most recent in New York City in late 2001. The outbreak demonstrates the need for strategies to detect links among patients diagnosed with TB across multiple TB control jurisdictions.2002857

Emerging Infectious Diseases

From either the Carib yaya, for sore or lesion, or yaw, an African word for berry. The term yaws was in common use by the 17th Century, when Dutch physician Willem Piso provided one of the earliest recorded descriptions of yaws in South America in De medicina Brasiliense in 1648. Because lesions associated with the disease resemble berries, another common name for yaws is frambesia tropica, from the French framboise, meaning raspberry

Emerging infectious diseases

Suggested citation for this article: Stern EJ, Uhde KB, Shadomy SV, Messonnier N. Conference report on public health and clinical guidelines for anthrax [conference summary]. Emerg Infect Dis [serial on the Internet]. 2008 Apr [date cited]. Available from http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/14/4/07-0969On March 13-14, 2006, a meeting on anthrax, sponsored by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in collaboration with the Southeastern Center for Emerging Biologic Threats, was held at Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, USA. The meeting's agenda included discussion of postexposure prophylaxis (PEP), screening and evaluation, and treatment of the various manifestations of human anthrax. The goal was to convene subject matter experts for a review of research developments and clinical experience with anthrax prophylaxis and treatment and to make consensus recommendations for updating guidelines for PEP, treatment, and clinical evaluation of patients with anthrax. A 2001 conference on guidelines for anthrax has previously been summarized in this journal. This article summarizes the meeting's presentations and discussion. Consensus recommendations are summarized in the Table. Updated CDC guidelines for treatment and prophylaxis of anthrax will be published in detail in other CDC publications and are available on CDC's website at http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/anthrax/index.asp.Peer Reviewed Report Available Online OnlyInfectious DiseasePublic Health Preparedness and ResponseDiagnosisPrevention and ControlTreatment and InterventionCurrent18394267PMC257091