77,217 research outputs found
Between social physics and phenomenology
In recent years, both phenomenology and social physics, which might be thought of asoccupying the humanistic and scientific poles of urban discourse, have taken an interestin space syntax as a means of furthering their academic aims. Here we suggest that thiscould presage a far deeper theoretical integration of the multi-disciplinary study of citiesthan either currently envisage
Sharp transition towards shared vocabularies in multi-agent systems
What processes can explain how very large populations are able to converge on
the use of a particular word or grammatical construction without global
coordination? Answering this question helps to understand why new language
constructs usually propagate along an S-shaped curve with a rather sudden
transition towards global agreement. It also helps to analyze and design new
technologies that support or orchestrate self-organizing communication systems,
such as recent social tagging systems for the web. The article introduces and
studies a microscopic model of communicating autonomous agents performing
language games without any central control. We show that the system undergoes a
disorder/order transition, going trough a sharp symmetry breaking process to
reach a shared set of conventions. Before the transition, the system builds up
non-trivial scale-invariant correlations, for instance in the distribution of
competing synonyms, which display a Zipf-like law. These correlations make the
system ready for the transition towards shared conventions, which, observed on
the time-scale of collective behaviors, becomes sharper and sharper with system
size. This surprising result not only explains why human language can scale up
to very large populations but also suggests ways to optimize artificial
semiotic dynamics.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figure
Microeconomic Structure determines Macroeconomic Dynamics. Aoki defeats the Representative Agent
Masanao Aoki developed a new methodology for a basic problem of economics:
deducing rigorously the macroeconomic dynamics as emerging from the
interactions of many individual agents. This includes deduction of the fractal
/ intermittent fluctuations of macroeconomic quantities from the granularity of
the mezo-economic collective objects (large individual wealth, highly
productive geographical locations, emergent technologies, emergent economic
sectors) in which the micro-economic agents self-organize.
In particular, we present some theoretical predictions, which also met
extensive validation from empirical data in a wide range of systems: - The
fractal Levy exponent of the stock market index fluctuations equals the Pareto
exponent of the investors wealth distribution. The origin of the macroeconomic
dynamics is therefore found in the granularity induced by the wealth / capital
of the wealthiest investors. - Economic cycles consist of a Schumpeter
'creative destruction' pattern whereby the maxima are cusp-shaped while the
minima are smooth. In between the cusps, the cycle consists of the sum of 2
'crossing exponentials': one decaying and the other increasing.
This unification within the same theoretical framework of short term market
fluctuations and long term economic cycles offers the perspective of a genuine
conceptual synthesis between micro- and macroeconomics. Joining another giant
of contemporary science - Phil Anderson - Aoki emphasized the role of rare,
large fluctuations in the emergence of macroeconomic phenomena out of
microscopic interactions and in particular their non self-averaging, in the
language of statistical physics. In this light, we present a simple stochastic
multi-sector growth model.Comment: 42 pages, 6 figure
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