Proceedings of the Thirty-third Annual Biochemical Engineering Symposium

This series of Annual Biochemical Engineering Symposia was started in 1971 by Professor Larry E. Erickson of Kansas State University and Peter J. Reilly, then of the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. It is designed for graduate students and occasionally undergraduates and postdoctoral fellows to present the results of their research and directions of their future work to audiences not so familiar as those at their home institutions but not so seemingly intimidating as those at national professional meetings. It also serves as a vehicle for those engaged in similar lines of research to become acquainted with each other and with each other\u27s work. To that end, discussions both during the meeting. and at social events attached to it are encouraged. To improve students\u27 skills in writing articles, in general those that follow were first drafted by the students who presented the work reported in them. The 33 symposia have rotated among the University of Colorado, Boulder; Colorado State University; Iowa State University; Kansas State University; the University of Missouri, Columbia; the University of Nebraska-Lincoln; and the University of Oklahoma. This 33rd Annual Biochemical Engineering Symposium took place on April 24, 2004 at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln with Professor Michael M. Meagher as host. It should be noted that the 32 d Symposium was held on October 5, 2002. There was no symposium in 2003. Therefore symposium numbering is now in line with the starting year (1971 + 33 symposia = 2004 ). Fourteen papers were delivered orally at the symposium and there were a number of posters. These Proceedings present articles from nearly all the oral presentations and from several posters. Contents Novel Pentablock Copolymers as Non-Viral Vectors for Gene Therapy against Cancer - Ankit Agarwal, Robert Unfer, and Surya Mallapragada, Department of Chemical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA 50011, Iowa Cancer Research Foundation, Urbandale, lA 50322 Lipase-Catalyzed Esterification of Geraniol in Ionic Liquid [bmim]PF6 - Donifan Barahona, Peter H. Pfromm, and Mary E. Rezac, Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 Conformational Analysis of Gossypol and Its Derivatives Using MM3 - Chase L. Beisel, Michael K. Dowd, and Peter J. Reilly, Department of Chemical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, lA 50011, Southern Regional Research Center, ARS, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70179 Production of Bacterial Cellulose by Acetobacter xylinum in Static Culture and Its Properties - Sasivimon Chittrakorn, Charles E. Walker, and Larry E. Erickson, Departments of Grain Science and Industry and Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 A Better Global Resolution Function and a Novel Iterative Stochastic Search Method for Optimization of HPLC Separation - Yandi Dharmadi, and Ramon Gonzalez, Departments of Chemical Engineering and Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, lA 50011 Synchrotron Fourier Transform Infrared Microspectroscopy as a Tool to Monitor the Fate of Organic Contaminants in Plants - Kenneth M. Dokken, Lawrence C. Davis, Larry E. Erickson, and Nebojsa Marinkovic, Departments of Biochemistry and Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506; Albert Einstein Center for Synchrotron Biosciences, Beamline U2B, National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 Ranque-Hilsch Vortex Tube Thermocycler for Fast DNA Amplification and Real-Time Optical Detection - Ryan J. Ebmeier, Scott E. Whitnel, Amitabha Sarkar, Michael Nelson, Nisha V. Padhye, George Gogos, and Hendrik J. Viljoen, Departments of Mechanical and Chemical Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, Megabase Research Products, 4711 Huntington Ave., Suite 2W, Lincoln, NE 68504 H-NMR Study of the Structure of C. antarctica Lipase Bin Hexane-Water Mixtures - Yvonne Hoffmann, Yu-Xi Gong, Om Prakash, Peter H. Pfromm, Mary E. Rezac, and Peter Czermak, Departments of Chemical Engineering and Biochemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506; University of Applied Sciences Giessen, Giessen, Germany Remediation of Sites Contaminated by Oil Refinery Operations, S. Khaitan, S. Kalainesan, 75 L. E. Erickson, P. Kulakow, S. Martin, R. Karthikeyan, S. L. L. Hutchinson, and L. C. Davis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Agronomy, Center for Hazardous Substance Research, Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, and Department of Biochemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 Biodegradation of Tertiary Butyl Mercaptan in Soil under Aerobic Conditions - S. Kalainesan, 85 L. E. Erickson, S. L. L. Hutchinson and R. Karthikeyan, Departments of Chemical Engineering and Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 Probing the Substrate Specificity of Streptomyces Phospholipase D by Automated Docking, Patrick D. McMullen, Christopher L. Aikens, and Peter J. Reilly, Department of Chemical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, lA 50011 On-Line Predictive Model for Cell Mass in Pichia pastorisFermentation Using Neural Networks, Sreenivasula Ramireddy and Michael M. Meagher, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588 Toxicity of RDX on Germination of Arabidopsis thaliana - Sarah Rollo, Hangsik Moon, Murali Subramanian, David J. Oliver, and Jacqueline V. Shanks, Departments of Chemical Engineering and Genetics, Development and Cell Biologly, Iowa State University, Ames, lA 50011 Biodegradation of Tetrachloroethylene (PCE) in Soil and Groundwater - S. Santharam, J. lbbini, L. C. Davis, and L. E. Erickson, Departments of Chemical Engineering and Biochemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 Sorption of the Mal odorant, Tertiary Butyl Mercaptan, to Interior Surfaces - Aruna Suravajjala, Stacy L. Hutchinson, Larry E. Erickson, and Alok Bhandari, Departments of Civil Engineering, Biological and Agricultural Engineering, and Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/bce_proceedings/1028/thumbnail.jp

Cortical circuits for visual processing and epileptic activity propagation

The thesis focuses on the relationship between cortical connectivity and cortical function. The first part investigates how the fine scale connectivity between visual neurons determines their functional responses during physiological sensory processing. The second part ascertains how the mesoscopic scale connectivity between brain areas constrains the spread of abnormal activity during the propagation of focal cortical seizures. Part 1: Neurons in the primary visual cortex (V1) are tuned to retinotopic location, orientation and direction of motion. Such selectivity stems from the integration of inputs from hundreds of presynaptic neurons distributed across cortical layers. Yet, the functional principles that organize such presynaptic networks have only begun to be understood. To uncover them, I used monosynaptic rabies virus tracing to target a single pyramidal neuron in L2/3 (starter neuron) and trace its presynaptic partners. I combined this approach with two-photon microscopy in V1 to investigate the relationship between the activity of the starter cell, its presynaptic neurons and the surrounding excitatory population across cortical layers in awake animals. Part 2: Focal epilepsy involves excessive and synchronous cortical activity that propagates both locally and distally. Does this propagation follow the same functional circuits as normal cortical activity? I induced focal seizures in primary visual cortex (V1) of awake mice, and compared their propagation to the retinotopic organization of V1 and higher visual areas. I measured activity through simultaneous local field potential recordings and widefield calcium imaging, and observed prolonged seizures that were orders of magnitude larger than normal visual responses. I demonstrate that seizure start as standing waves (synchronous elevated activity in the focal V1 region and in corresponding retinotopic locations in higher areas) and then propagate both locally and into distal regions. These regions matched each other in retinotopy. I conclude that seizure propagation respects the connectivity underlying normal visual processing

Advances in Artificial Intelligence: Models, Optimization, and Machine Learning

The present book contains all the articles accepted and published in the Special Issue “Advances in Artificial Intelligence: Models, Optimization, and Machine Learning” of the MDPI Mathematics journal, which covers a wide range of topics connected to the theory and applications of artificial intelligence and its subfields. These topics include, among others, deep learning and classic machine learning algorithms, neural modelling, architectures and learning algorithms, biologically inspired optimization algorithms, algorithms for autonomous driving, probabilistic models and Bayesian reasoning, intelligent agents and multiagent systems. We hope that the scientific results presented in this book will serve as valuable sources of documentation and inspiration for anyone willing to pursue research in artificial intelligence, machine learning and their widespread applications

Distributed mobility management for a flat architecture in 5G mobile networks: solutions, analysis and experimental validation

In the last years, the commercial deployment of data services in mobile networks has been evolving quickly, providing enhanced radio access technologies and more efficient network architectures. Nowadays, mobile users enjoy broadband and ubiquitous wireless access through their portable devices, like smartphones and tablets, exploiting the connectivity offered by the modern 4G network. Nevertheless, the technological evolution keeps moving towards the development of next generation networks, or 5G, aiming at further improving the current system in order to cope with the huge data traffic growth foreseen in the future years. One of the possible research guidelines aims at innovating the mobile networks architecture by designing a flat system. Indeed, current systems are built upon a centralized and hierarchical structure, where multiple access networks are connected to a central core hosting crucial network functions, e.g., charging, control and maintenance, as well as mobility management, which is the main topic of this thesis. In such a central mobility management system, users’ traffic is aggregated at some key nodes in the core, called mobility anchors. Thus, an anchor can easily handle user’s mobility by redirecting traffic flows to his/her location, but i) it poses scalability issues, ii) it represents a single point of failure, and iii) the routing path is in general suboptimal. These problems can be overcome moving to a flat architecture, adopting a Distributed Mobility Management (DMM) system, where the centralized anchor is removed. This thesis develops within the DMM framework, presenting the design, analysis, implementation and experimental validation of several DMM protocols. In this work we describe original protocols for client-based and network-based mobility management, as well as a hybrid solution. We study analytically our solutions to evaluate their signaling cost, the packet delivery cost, and the latency introduced to handle a handover event. Finally, we assess the validity of some of our protocols with experiments run over a network prototype built in our lab implementing such solutions.El despliegue comercial de los servicios de datos en las redes móviles ha evolucionado rápidamente en los últimos años, proporcionando tecnologías de acceso radio más avanzadas y arquitecturas de red más eficientes. Los usuarios ya pueden disfrutar de los servicios de banda ancha desde sus dispositivos móviles, como smartphones y tablets, aprovechando la conectividad de las modernas redes 4G. Sin embargo, la evolución tecnológica sigue trazando su camino hasta el desarrollo de las redes de próxima generación, o 5G, en previsión del enorme aumento del tráfico de los años futuros. Una de las innovaciones bajo estudio aborda la arquitectura de las redes móviles, con el objetivo de diseñar un sistema plano. Efectivamente, el sistema actual se basa en una estructura centralizada y jerárquica, en la cual múltiples redes de acceso se conectan al núcleo central, dónde residen funciones cruciales para el control de la red y facturación, así como la gestión de la movilidad, que es el tema central de esta tesis. En un sistema con gestión centralizada de la movilidad, se agregan los flujos de tráfico en algunos nodos claves situados en el núcleo de la red, llamados anclas de movilidad. De este modo, un ancla puede fácilmente redirigir los flujos al lugar donde se halla el usuario, pero i) supone problemas de escalabilidad, ii) representa un punto único de fallo, y iii) el encaminamiento es en general sub-óptimo. Estos problemas se pueden resolver pasando a una arquitectura plana, cambiándose a un sistema de gestión distribuida de la movilidad (Distributed Mobility Management – DMM), donde no hay anclas centralizadas. Esta tesis se desarrolla dentro el marco propuesto por DMM, presentando el diseño, el análisis, la implementación y la validación experimental de varios protocolos de movilidad distribuida. Se describen soluciones basadas en el cliente y en la red, así como una solución híbrida. El funcionamiento de las soluciones ha sido estudiado analíticamente, para evaluar los costes de señalización, el coste del transporte de los paquetes y la latencia para gestionar el traspaso de los usuarios de una red a otra. Finalmente, la validez de los protocolos ha sido demostrada con experimentos sobre un prototipo donde se implementan algunas de las soluciones utilizando el equipamiento de nuestro laboratorio.Programa Oficial de Doctorado en Ingeniería TelemáticaPresidente: Arturo Azcorra Saloña.- Secretario: Ramón Agüero Calvo.- Vocal: Jouni Korhone

Energy efficient hardware acceleration of multimedia processing tools

The world of mobile devices is experiencing an ongoing trend of feature enhancement and generalpurpose multimedia platform convergence. This trend poses many grand challenges, the most pressing being their limited battery life as a consequence of delivering computationally demanding features. The envisaged mobile application features can be considered to be accelerated by a set of underpinning hardware blocks Based on the survey that this thesis presents on modem video compression standards and their associated enabling technologies, it is concluded that tight energy and throughput constraints can still be effectively tackled at algorithmic level in order to design re-usable optimised hardware acceleration cores. To prove these conclusions, the work m this thesis is focused on two of the basic enabling technologies that support mobile video applications, namely the Shape Adaptive Discrete Cosine Transform (SA-DCT) and its inverse, the SA-IDCT. The hardware architectures presented in this work have been designed with energy efficiency in mind. This goal is achieved by employing high level techniques such as redundant computation elimination, parallelism and low switching computation structures. Both architectures compare favourably against the relevant pnor art in the literature. The SA-DCT/IDCT technologies are instances of a more general computation - namely, both are Constant Matrix Multiplication (CMM) operations. Thus, this thesis also proposes an algorithm for the efficient hardware design of any general CMM-based enabling technology. The proposed algorithm leverages the effective solution search capability of genetic programming. A bonus feature of the proposed modelling approach is that it is further amenable to hardware acceleration. Another bonus feature is an early exit mechanism that achieves large search space reductions .Results show an improvement on state of the art algorithms with future potential for even greater savings

Intelligent Circuits and Systems

ICICS-2020 is the third conference initiated by the School of Electronics and Electrical Engineering at Lovely Professional University that explored recent innovations of researchers working for the development of smart and green technologies in the fields of Energy, Electronics, Communications, Computers, and Control. ICICS provides innovators to identify new opportunities for the social and economic benefits of society.　 This conference bridges the gap between academics and R&D institutions, social visionaries, and experts from all strata of society to present their ongoing research activities and foster research relations between them. It provides opportunities for the exchange of new ideas, applications, and experiences in the field of smart technologies and finding global partners for future collaboration. The ICICS-2020 was conducted in two broad categories, Intelligent Circuits & Intelligent Systems and Emerging Technologies in Electrical Engineering

Energy Efficiency

This book is one of the most comprehensive and up-to-date books written on Energy Efficiency. The readers will learn about different technologies for energy efficiency policies and programs to reduce the amount of energy. The book provides some studies and specific sets of policies and programs that are implemented in order to maximize the potential for energy efficiency improvement. It contains unique insights from scientists with academic and industrial expertise in the field of energy efficiency collected in this multi-disciplinary forum