Exploring Sexual Scripts: College Students’ Perceptions of Seduction and Rape

Previous research has utilized script theory as an important tool for social scientists in understanding people’s attitudes and beliefs regarding problematic events, e.g., rape and violence. A study conducted by Ryan (1988) has shown the different scripts for rape and seduction scenarios perceived by introductory level college students. The present study is an extension of Ryan’s research on rape and seduction perceptions. Data will be collected from students currently enrolled at The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, instructing them to describe a typical rape and typical seduction scenario. These will be analyzed to: identify common stories of rape and seduction among college students; 2) compare freshmen-sophomore and junior-senior stories; and 3) compare males and females stories on rape and seduction. Data will include a detailed descriptive overview of elements presented in students’ stories; comparisons of stories with elements from current typologies; and excerpts from stories suggesting a new script, that is, scripts with new sequencing patterns and elements

The Impact of Common Law and Reform Rape Statutes on Prosecution: An Empirical Study

In July 1975, riding the crest of the national reform movement, the Washington State legislature enacted a new rape law that repealed a centenarian, common law-based statute. This article presents the results of an empirical study of the effects of the common law and reform rape statutes on prosecution in King County (Seattle), Washington, and assesses the implications of the findings for the law of rape and for prosecutorial discretion in the charging of rape. To the extent that definitional elements of the new Washington law have parallels in reform statutes of other states, and the statistical profile of the incidence and circumstances of the crime in King County is similar to that found in other jurisdictions, the findings and conclusions of this study have broader significance

Male rape : introducing a special provision in the penal code with reference to the laws in the United Kingdom / Muhammad Khairul Riduan Mustafar, Julie Faralisa Abd Jais and Muhammad Zulhilmi Mohd Nizam

This research is a study on the law of rape in Malaysia, namely the Penal Code ( Act 574 ). The issue of male rape by male which known as sodomy is something known to the country but not the issue of male rape by women where it happened overseas. There is no law regarding the criminal offence of male rape by women where there are possibilities which are unknown and might happen in future. The first stage of this study will involve information collecting and a review in seeking the rational for such law to be included in the Penal Code in order to protect all. The issue of gender equality is one of the reasons why such law should have here. Elements of consent and medical are also the arguments here as it is important in establishing male rape by women. This study then will be followed by the qualitative analysis which are the views and opinions from the subject to the questions asked

UPAYA LEMBAGA SWADAYA MASYARAKAT (LSM) RIFKA ANNISA DALAM MEMBERIKAN PERLINDUNGAN TERHADAP KORBAN PEMERKOSAAN

Humans are social creatures who can not live without another human being. The ability of humans as social beings is given by God Almighty directly to private individuals. In a patriarchal society feel that the man is considered to have more power than women. A woman who had been raped would be traumatized. Rape by juridical construction legislation in Indonesia (the Criminal Code) is the act of forcing a woman who is not his wife to have sex with her with violence or threat of violence. Rape usually occurs due to various causes, namely internal factors (which comes from the victims themselves) and external factors (which comes from outside themselves victims of rape itself). A woman was raped because of physical and psychological conditions are weaker than the perpetrators of rape. The formulation is How attempts Governmental Organization (NGO) Rifka Annnisa in providing protection for victims of rape and the barriers are faced by Governmental Organization (NGO) Rifka Annisa in providing protection for victims of rape?. This research is empirical research that focuses on the behavior of public law (law n action) by examining the behavior, state, or opinions in public life. Primary data as the main data obtained from the study at a location on the behavior of the legal community and with secondary data (material law). Non Governmental research results Rifka Annisa in the protection of rape victims is to provide psychological assistance to victims, strengthen victim psychology, reduce the impact of the traumatic experienced by the victim, as litigatif guidance in the completion of legal processes, so that women can fight for rape victims their rights and in providing protection to victims of rape often are barriers, because the police and the attorney often differ in the interpretation of the elements of rape. Victims of rape because of these barriers protection to victims of rape to be blocked

Toward a Socio-Legal Theory of Male Rape

In this Article, we attempt to formulate a new theoretical framework for the analysis of male rape, a phenomenon that has been neglected by legal and jurisprudential scholarship for a long time. We dispute common perceptions of male rape, most notably the centrality of consent in rape discourse, and show how male and female rape myths, while distinct, are upheld by similar paradigms of gender. Although it focuses on male rape, the Article proposes a broad theory of rape and gender. The Article offers a comparative review of the scholarship on male rape in two settings: the community and prison. It collates the various studies on male rape in these settings, classifies the main elements of male rape, and points to the interrelations between the various scholarly works. Based on the comparison, the Article develops a sixfold framework containing three recurring and three missing themes. The recurring themes are otherness—the construction of male rape as something that occurs to others, at the margins of society; masculinity—pivotal for the understanding of male rape; and the embeddedness of male rape in social power relations. The three missing themes are consent—possibly the most discussed aspect in current theories of female rape but hardly elaborated with respect to male victims; racial aspects of male rape in the community; and female perpetrators of male rape. The burgeoning literature on male rape dwells mostly on the first three themes. The Article argues that a meaningful theory of male rape requires further study of the missing themes. The sixfold analytical framework suggested in this Article can assist in identifying blind spots in the academic discourse, accurately conceptualizing this phenomenon, and offering a better general understanding of it. It is also a first step toward the creation of a more inclusive and general theory of rape that accounts for sexual abuse of all victims, regardless of gender, race, sexual orientation, or other social traits

Integration of on-farm biodiesel production with anaerobic digestion to maximise energy yield and greenhouse gas savings from process and farm residues

Anaerobic co-digestion of residues from the cold pressing and trans-esterification of oilseed rape (OSR) with other farm wastes was considered as a means of enhancing the sustainability of on-farm biodiesel production. The study verified the process energy yields using biochemical methane potential (BMP) tests and semi-continuous digestion trials. The results indicated that high proportions of OSR cake in the feedstock led to a decrease in volatile solids destruction and instability of the digestion process. Co-digestion with cattle slurry or with vegetable waste led to acceptable specific and volumetric methane productions, and a digestate low in potentially toxic elements (PTE). The results were used to evaluate energy balances and greenhouse gas emissions of the integrated process compared with biodiesel production alone. Co-digestion was shown to provide energy self-sufficiency and security of supply to farms, with sufficient surplus for export as fuel and electricit

Responding to College Campus Acquaintance Rape: Contextual Issues and the Challenge of Inter-Organizational Collaboration

One in five college women are victims of acquaintance rape during their academic career and less than 5% of college women who are victims of sexual assault report their victimization (Fisher, Cullen, & Turner, 2000). The historically stable prevalence of on-campus sexual assault as well as consistently low rates of reporting point to the need for a collaborative process between the campus personnel that are charged with responding to reports of on-campus sexual assault. Through intensive interviews with key campus informants this qualitative study addressed the following questions about the challenge of responding to on-campus acquaintance rape: 1) How do senior campus personnel understand the disparity between high prevalence rates and low rates of reporting; 2) What are the challenges of inter-organizational collaboration when responding to acquaintance rape; 3) What are the specific roles of on-campus supportive resources; and 4) What are successful elements of a coordinated approach to on-campus acquaintance rape? All study respondents acknowledged the disparity between prevalence and reporting and implicated the guilt, shame, and fear experienced by victim-survivors as a key factor in underreporting. Respondents blamed gender inequity, abuse of alcohol, and the developmental immaturity of male college students for high rates of on-campus acquaintance rape and described two distinct types of offending: situational offending refers to non-consensual sexual assault fueled by alcohol abuse and emotional immaturity; and pre-meditative offending refers to a more predatory trajectory, in which deliberate planning is enacted to manipulate and exploit vulnerability. Respondents identified trust between community partners as the most important aspect to successful collaboration. Trust refers to a collective agreement to protect the confidentiality of alleged victims of sexual assault and to guarantee victims\u27 decision-making control throughout their post-assault recovery process. Respondents endorsed primary prevention models and harm reduction strategies to target on-campus acquaintance rape. Models for prevention focused on eliciting changes in campus culture and on targeting predation. A harm reduction approach focused on teaching students how to minimize their risk for victimization

Remembering rape : The temporal construction of sexual violence in autobiographical narratives from 1990s Finland

This article examines how historical contexts affect the recollection of experiences of rape. We reanalyze sexual autobiographies that were gathered in Finland in 1992 in a sex research project called FINSEX. To illustrate how the time of the rape as well as the time it is recalled shape the possibilities of narrating a life story, we present a close reading of four autobiographies that we place in the context of the collection as a whole, and compare our analysis of the autobiographies to their interpretation in the FINSEX study. The narrative elements of the autobiographies reflect the violent experiences in complex and layered ways. For the authors of these autobiographies, temporal changes in cultural and social understandings of sexual violence enable the reinterpreting of life events and the naming of previously unnamed experiences.Peer reviewe