6,279 research outputs found
Elastic waves trapped above a cylindrical cavity
The existence of trapped elastic waves above a circular cylindrical cavity in a half-space is demonstrated. These modes propagate parallel to the cylinder, and their amplitude decays exponentially as the observer moves away from it. Dispersion relations connecting the frequency with the wavenumber along the cylinder are obtained using an analytical technique based on multipole expansions, and are solved numerically. Critical frequencies at which modes cut on and off are determined, and a range of contour plots illustrating the displacement fields is presented
Extremely Low Loss Phonon-Trapping Cryogenic Acoustic Cavities for Future Physical Experiments
Low loss Bulk Acoustic Wave devices are considered from the point of view of
the solid state approach as phonon-confining cavities. We demonstrate effective
design of such acoustic cavities with phonon-trapping techniques exhibiting
extremely high quality factors for trapped longitudinally-polarized phonons of
various wavelengths. Quality factors of observed modes exceed 1 billion, with a
maximum -factor of 8 billion and product of at
liquid helium temperatures. Such high sensitivities allow analysis of intrinsic
material losses in resonant phonon systems. Various mechanisms of phonon losses
are discussed and estimated
Heating in Nanophotonic Traps for Cold Atoms
Laser-cooled atoms that are trapped and optically interfaced with light in
nanophotonic waveguides are a powerful platform for fundamental research in
quantum optics as well as for applications in quantum communication and quantum
information processing. Ever since the first realization of such a hybrid
quantum nanophotonic, heating rates of the atomic motion observed in various
experimental settings have typically been exceeding those in comparable
free-space optical microtraps by about three orders of magnitude. This
excessive heating is a roadblock for the implementation of certain protocols
and devices. Its origin has so far remained elusive and, at the typical
atom-surface separations of less than an optical wavelength encountered in
nanophotonic traps, numerous effects may potentially contribute to atom
heating. Here, we theoretically describe the effect of mechanical vibrations of
waveguides on guided light fields and provide a general theory of
particle-phonon interaction in nanophotonic traps. We test our theory by
applying it to the case of laser-cooled cesium atoms in nanofiber-based
two-color optical traps. We find excellent quantitative agreement between the
predicted heating rates and experimentally measured values. Our theory predicts
that, in this setting, the dominant heating process stems from the
optomechanical coupling of the optically trapped atoms to the continuum of
thermally occupied flexural mechanical modes of the waveguide structure. Beyond
unraveling the long-standing riddle of excessive heating in nanofiber-based
atom traps, we also study the dependence of the heating rates on the relevant
system parameters. Our findings allow us to propose several strategies for
minimizing the heating. Finally, our findings are also highly relevant for
optomechanics experiments with dielectric nanoparticles that are optically
trapped close to nanophotonic waveguides.Comment: Published version. 35 pages (including appendices), 7 figures, 18
tables, and 3 pages of supplemental materia
Elastodynamic cloaking and field enhancement for soft spheres
In this paper, we bring to the awareness of the scientific community and
civil engineers, an important fact: the possible lack of wave protection of
transformational elastic cloaks. To do so, we propose spherical cloaks
described by a non-singular asymmetric elasticity tensor depending upon a small
parameter that defines the softness of a region one would like to
conceal from elastodynamic waves. By varying , we generate a class of
soft spheres dressed by elastodynamic cloaks, which are shown to considerably
reduce the soft spheres' scattering. Importantly, such cloaks also provide some
wave protection except for a countable set of frequencies, for which some large
elastic field enhancement (resonance peaks) can be observed within the cloaked
soft spheres, hence entailing a possible lack of wave protection. We further
present an investigation of trapped modes in elasticity via which we supply a
good approximation of such Mie-type resonances by some transcendental equation.
Next, after a detailed presentation of spherical elastodynamic PML of Cosserat
type, we introduce a novel generation of cloaks, the mixed cloaks, as a
solution to the lack of wave protection in elastodynamic cloaking. Indeed,
mixed cloaks achieve both invisibility cloaking and protection throughout a
large range of frequencies. We think, mixed cloaks will soon be generalized to
other areas of physics and engineering and will in particular foster studies in
experiments.Comment: V2: major changes. More details on the study of trapped modes in
elasticity. Mixed cloaks introduced. Latex files, 27 pages, 14 figures. The
last version will appear at Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics.
Pacs:41.20.Jb,42.25.Bs,42.70.Qs,43.20.Bi,43.25.Gf. arXiv admin note: text
overlap with arXiv:1403.184
Feasibility of Fatigue Crack Detection in Fluid-Filled Cylindrical Holes Using Circumferential Creeping Waves
Recently, the development of a novel ultrasonic inspection technique that detects radial fatigue cracks on the far side of so-called “weep” holes in thin airframe stiffeners was reported [1]. These cracks tend to be located on the upper part of the weep hole (at 12 o’clock position) therefore are not readily detectable by conventional ultrasonic inspection techniques from the lower skin of the wing. The new technique utilizes circumferential creeping waves propagating around the inner surface of the hole to perform the inspection. However, the wet wing has to be emptied and dried out before inspection because even a small amount of fluid fuel trapped in these rather small (approximately 6–7 mm in diameter) holes would strongly affect the propagation of circumferential creeping waves. We have searched the literature for published results on circumferential creeping wave propagation around fluid-filled cylindrical cavities in elastic media. Surprisingly, although the analytical solution of this canonical problem can be readily constructed from existing building blocks, very little was found in terms of numerical results that could be used to gain better understanding of the phenomenon. This motivated us to attack the problem by numerically solving the dispersion equation and constructing the corresponding dispersion and attenuation curves for a specific case of interest, namely, for that of a water-filled cylindrical hole in aluminum
Inconsistencies in the Notions of Acoustic Stress and Streaming
Inviscid hydrodynamics mediates forces through pressure and other, typically
irrotational, external forces. Acoustically induced forces must be consistent
with arising from such a pressure field. The use of "acoustic stress" is shown
to have inconsistencies with such an analysis and generally arise from
mathematical expediency but poor overall conceptualization of such systems.
This contention is further supported by the poor agreement of experiment in
many such approaches. The notion of momentum as being an intrinsic property of
sound waves is similarly found to be paradoxical. Through an analysis that
includes viscosity and attenuation, we conclude that all acoustic streaming
must arise from vorticity introduced by viscous forces at the driver or other
solid boundaries and that calculations with acoustic stress should be replaced
with ones using a nonlinear correction to the overall pressure field
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