509 research outputs found

    A Brief Review of OPT101 Sensor Application in Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Instrumentation for Intensive Care Unit Clinics

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    The optoelectronic sensor OPT101 have merits in advanced optoelectronic response characteristics at wavelength range for medical near-infrared spectroscopy and small-size chip design with build-in trans-impedance amplifier. Our lab is devoted to developing a series of portable near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) devices embedded with OPT101 for applications in intensive care unit clinics, based on NIRS principle. Here we review the characteristics and advantages of OPT101 relative to clinical NIRS instrumentation, and the most recent achievements, including early-diagnosis and therapeutic effect evaluation of thrombus, noninvasive monitoring of patients\u27 shock severity, and fatigue evaluation. The future prospect on OPT101 improvements in noninvasive clinical applications is also discussed

    Effect of 805 nm on reliability of 735/805/850-nm LED involved near-infrared spectroscopy biomedical device

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    Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been widely used in biomedicine due to its capability of noninvasively detecting hemodynamic variations in relative deep tissue. Most NIRS devices utilized multiple-wavelengths integrated LED as the sources, of which the 735/805/850-nm LED was mostly employed. As we known, the 735/850-nm combination is enough for quantifying the changes of oxy-hemoglobin (∆ HbO2) and deoxy-hemoglobin (∆ Hb). Then how is the effect of the wavelength 805 nm of 735/805/850-nm LED on the measurement reliability? Here we performed blood model experiments with 57 human blood samples and recorded optical density variations at above 3 wavelengths. Both of the least squares method and multi-variable linear regression analysis were used to quantify ∆ HbO2and ∆ Hb with three-wavelength combination (735/805/850-nm) and two-wavelength combination (735/850-nm) respectively. By comparing the quantified values with the real values, we found that the results obtained from 735/850-nm combination are more close to reality than the 735/805/850-nm combination. This study reported, for the first time, that 805 nm actually took a negative effect on measurement reliability of NIRS. It indicates to get rid of 805 nm from such LED design to reduce the LED cost and get higher reliability for NIRS instrumentation

    Prototype d'imagerie cérébrale multicanal portable par spectroscopie proche-infrarouge et électroencéphalographie

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    RÉSUMÉ Ce mĂ©moire de maĂźtrise prĂ©sente l'implĂ©mentation et la validation d'une instrumentation d'acquisition de biosignaux issus des technologies d'imagerie cĂ©rĂ©brale que sont l'Ă©lectroencĂ©phalographie (EEG) et la spectroscopie proche-infrarouge (SPIR ou NIRS : Near-infrared spectroscopy). La premiĂšre des techniques mesure directement l'activitĂ© Ă©lectrique au niveau du scalp, tandis que la seconde est sensible aux variations d'oxygĂ©nation du sang, variations qui peuvent ĂȘtre reliĂ©es Ă  l'activitĂ© cĂ©rĂ©brale. Contrairement aux autres techniques d'imagerie cĂ©rĂ©brale, celles-ci peuvent ĂȘtre portables, peu coĂ»teuses, Ă  haute rĂ©solution temporelle, et permettent d'imager tout le cortex en temps rĂ©el. Ces travaux s'inscrivent dans le cadre d'une collaboration interdisciplinaire du groupe IMAGINC, dont une des missions est de dĂ©velopper un systĂšme d'acquisition temps rĂ©el de signaux SPIR et EEG, non invasif, portable, communiquant avec un ordinateur par un lien sans fil, avec 32 canaux d'EEG, 32 sources et 32 dĂ©tecteurs de lumiĂšre afin d'imager tout le cortex, les appareils existants ne rassemblant pas tous ces critĂšres. Le prototype construit rĂ©pond pleinement Ă  ces attentes : comportant un casque pour maintenir sur le scalp l'ensemble des Ă©lectrodes et optodes, le systĂšme peut ĂȘtre portĂ© Ă  la ceinture et transmettre Ă  une interface usager l'ensemble des donnĂ©es issues des 128 canaux SPIR et 32 canaux EEG, ainsi que des modules supplĂ©mentaires comme un accĂ©lĂ©romĂštre ou des circuits d'acquisition de canaux auxiliaires, utiles dans un contexte clinique. L'instrument a Ă©tĂ©e valid sur une quarantaine de sujets Ă  ce jour, lors de tests cognitifs qui ont permis d'observer l'activitĂ© neuronale induite sur les donnĂ©ees acquises, Ă  travers le calcul des modifications hĂ©modynamiques, semblables Ă  celles dĂ©crites par la littĂ©rature. Des Ă©tudes de comparaisons statistiques Ă  un appareil commercial et de calcul de reproductibilitĂ© du signal sont prĂ©vues pour confirmer les validations qualitatives. L'appareil permettra par la suite d'effectuer la surveillance de patients Ă©pileptiques sur de longues durĂ©es, en amĂ©liorant leur confort, pour des Ă©tudes prĂ©opĂ©ratoires, ou celle de patients lors d'opĂ©rations Ă  coeur ouvert, dont l'oxygĂ©nation cĂ©rĂ©brale doit ĂȘtre contrĂŽlĂ©e, les appareils existants Ă©tant difficilement intĂ©grables en salle d'opĂ©ration.----------ABSTRACT This master thesis describes the implementation and validation of a novel instrumentation able to acquire biosignals from two brain imaging technologies: electroencephalography (EEG) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). The rst one directly measures electrical variations on scalp, while the other one can detect the blood oxygenation variations, which can be correlated with cerebral activities. Contrary to others brain imaging modalities, the both described here have potential to be portable, relatively inexpensive, with high temporal resolution and allow to image the whole cortex in real time. This work is part of a multidisciplinary team collaboration within the IMAGINC research group, one of the goals being the development of a real-time, noninvasive and portable NIRSEEG signal acquisition system, able to communicate wirelessly with a computer, gathering data from 32 EEG channels, 32 light sources and 32 light detectors, to image the whole cortex. Existing commercial or research devices do not gather all of these features. The built prototype fully meets the expected characteristics: composed of a helmet able to maintain every optodes and electrodes on scalp, the wireless system can be attached to the belt and transmit to an user interface the data provided by 128 NIRS and 32 EEG channels, as well as additional modules like an accelerometer or auxiliary channel acquisition circuits, useful in a clinical context. The instrument has been validated on around forty subjects, during cognitive tests, the results of which showed expected induced brain activities on acquired data, through the calculation of haemodynamic variations, similar to those described in literature. We are also conducting studies to statistically compare the prototype and evaluate the reproductibility of biosignals, to conrm the qualitative validation developed here. In the future, the device should allow to monitor epileptic patients on long periods of time, while improving comfort, for preoperative studies, or patients undergoing open heart surgery, procedure in which the cerebral oxygenation needs to be controlled, but no existing commercial devices currently is operating-room friendly

    The development of biomedical instrumentation using backscattered laser light

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    This thesis is concerned with the measurement of blood flow and oxygen saturation in the microcirculation using the techniques of laser Doppler flowmetry and pulse oximetry. An investigation of the responses of Doppler flowmeters using different signal processing bandwidths and laser sources revealed two major findings. Firstly, that careful choice of processing bandwidth is required in order to sample the whole range of possible Doppler frequencies present in the backscattered light. Secondly, that the choice of laser source is important in governing the output stability of a flowmeter. Another investigation focused on the evaluation of a dual channel laser Doppler flowmeter using both in vitro and in vivo models. It was demonstrated that the instrument permitted a useful method of obtaining flow information by comparing simultaneous responses at experimental and control sites. The choice of laser wavelength was investigated in a study to determine whether blood flow measurements are obtained from different depths within the skin tissue. The results indicate that some depth discrimination is obtainable using instruments operating at different wavelengths, however it is difficult to demonstrate the effect in vivo. In a separate study it was shown that pressure applied to the skin surface greatly affects the underlying blood flow. It is recommended that care has to be taken when positioning Doppler probes on the skin. A reflection pulse oximeter was developed using laser light backscattered from the skin. The instrument was evaluated in vitro and in vivo by comparing desaturation responses with a commercial transmission pulse oximeter. The reflection oximeter was demonstrated to reliably follow trends in oxygen saturation but several problems prevented instrument calibration. Finally, a device combining laser Doppler flowmetry with reflection pulse oximetry was developed and used in vivo to follow trends in blood flow and oxygen saturation from the same tissue sample

    Optical Diagnostics in Human Diseases

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    Optical technologies provide unique opportunities for the diagnosis of various pathological disorders. The range of biophotonics applications in clinical practice is considerably wide given that the optical properties of biological tissues are subject to significant changes during disease progression. Due to the small size of studied objects (from ÎŒm to mm) and despite some minimum restrictions (low-intensity light is used), these technologies have great diagnostic potential both as an additional tool and in cases of separate use, for example, to assess conditions affecting microcirculatory bed and tissue viability. This Special Issue presents topical articles by researchers engaged in the development of new methods and devices for optical non-invasive diagnostics in various fields of medicine. Several studies in this Special Issue demonstrate new information relevant to surgical procedures, especially in oncology and gynecology. Two articles are dedicated to the topical problem of breast cancer early detection, including during surgery. One of the articles is devoted to urology, namely to the problem of chronic or recurrent episodic urethral pain. Several works describe the studies in otolaryngology and dentistry. One of the studies is devoted to diagnosing liver diseases. A number of articles contribute to the studying of the alterations caused by diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. The results of all the presented articles reflect novel innovative research and emerging ideas in optical non-invasive diagnostics aimed at their wider translation into clinical practice

    Surface functionalization of silicon nanocrystals via a microwave reactor

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    Silizium-Nanokristalle (SiNCs) haben in den letzten Jahrzehnten aufgrund ihrer vielfĂ€ltigen (potenziellen) Anwendungen in Forschung und Industrie großes Interesse geweckt. SiNCs könnten zum Beispiel fĂŒr 1) In Licht-Energie-Umwandlungsprozesse wie photovoltaische Lichtabsorber, lumineszierende Solarkonzentratoren und SiNCs-Solarzellen, 2) in der Optoelektronik z. B. fĂŒr Leuchtdioden und Laser mit Nahinfrarot-Emission, 3) in der Sensortechnik z. B. fĂŒr kleine Temperatursensoren und 4) in der photodynamischen Therapie als chemische Sonden und als "Trojanisches Pferd" in der Theranostik und photodynamischen Therapie. Die kritischen Faktoren fĂŒr solche Zwecke sind fĂŒr SiNCs eine große Quantenausbeute, geringe GrĂ¶ĂŸenverteilung und hohe chemische StabilitĂ€t. Daher konzentriert sich diese Forschung auf die Herstellung von SiNCs mit großer Quantenausbeute und geringer GrĂ¶ĂŸenverteilung durch Optimierung der verschiedenen Schritte im Syntheseprozess: GlĂŒhen, Ätzen und Funktionalisierung. Im ersten Teil dieser Arbeit wird die Rolle der AlkylkettenlĂ€ngen als Passivierungsmittel untersucht. Der Einfluss der AlkylkettenlĂ€nge auf die photophysikalischen Eigenschaften und die StabilitĂ€t wurde durch Funktionalisierungsreaktionen verschiedener AlkylkettenlĂ€ngen mit SiNCs untersucht. Diese Arbeit stellte die Hypothese auf, dass eine Verringerung der AlkylkettenlĂ€nge zu einer Verringerung der sterischen Behinderung fĂŒhrt, was sich auf die OberflĂ€chenbedeckung, die photophysikalischen Eigenschaften und die Oxidation auswirkt. Die Funktionalisierungsreaktion von langen Alkylketten wird durch Dodecyl (C12), Tetradecyl (C14) und Hexadecyl (C16) dargestellt, wĂ€hrend fĂŒr die mittelkettige Hexyl- (C6), Octyl- (C8) und Decylkette (C10) und fĂŒr die kurze Kette Allyl, Methylether (C3) und Pentyl (C5) verwendet werden. Alle funktionalisierten Alkyl-SiNCs zeigen starke Emission in Rot bis Nah-Infrarot (600-1000 nm). Der höchste photolumineszente Quantenausbeutewert (PLQY) wurde von (C3)-SiNCs mit nahezu ~ 41% erreicht. Es besteht die Tendenz, dass die PLQY mit zunehmender Anzahl von Kohlenstoffen in der Alkylkette abnimmt. Das photolumineszente (PL)-Emissionsmaximum aller funktionalisierten SiNCs liegt zwischen ~850 nm fĂŒr (C5)-SiNCs und ~905 nm fĂŒr (C16)-SiNCs. Mittlerweile zeigt die PL-Lebensdauer ~157 s fĂŒr (C5)-SiNCs bei 820 nm PL-Emission und ~120 s fĂŒr (C16)-SiNCs bei gleicher PL-Emission. Die Haltbarkeit aller synthetisierten Materialien wurde systematisch untersucht, um die Charakterisierung der SiNCs abzuschließen. Nach sechsmonatiger Lagerung unter dunklen Umgebungsbedingungen (PLQY/PLQY0 > 0,9) wurden keine signifikanten VerĂ€nderungen der Photolumineszenz-Emissionen beobachtet. Daher besitzen Alkyl-SiNCs, die mittels mikrowellenunterstĂŒtzter Hydrosilylierungsreaktion funktionalisiert wurden, eine ausgezeichnete photophysikalische StabilitĂ€t. Im zweiten Teil dieser Arbeit wurde die Funktionalisierung von SiNCs mit Farbstoffen zur Verbesserung der Lichtabsorption als Strategie zur Erhöhung der Helligkeit der SiNCs-Emission untersucht. Es wird erwartet, dass der konjugierte Farbstoff und SiNCs aufgrund der zusĂ€tzlichen Absorption durch die FarbstoffmolekĂŒle höhere PL-Emissionen aufweisen. Perylen- und Dipyrromethenbordifluorid-Farbstoffe (BODIPY) werden verwendet, um die Lichtabsorption im sichtbaren Bereich der elektromagnetischen Strahlung zu erhöhen. Perylen und BODIPY absorbieren Photonen im Bereich von ~350-500 nm bzw. ~450-600 nm. Aufgrund der Farbstoffanhaftung zeigten Perylen-SiNCs bei ~350-500 nm eine ~10-fache Verbesserung der Lichtabsorption, wĂ€hrend BODIPY-SiNCs bei ~450-600 nm eine ~3-fache Verbesserung der Lichtabsorption zeigten. Hier beobachten wir den effizienten Energietransfer von Farbstoffen zu SiNCs, der zu einer PL-EmissionsverstĂ€rkung von SiNCs fĂŒhrt. Die Ergebnisse zeitaufgelöster photolumineszenter Spektroskopiemessungen zeigten, dass die Abklingzeiten von gebundenen Perylen- und BODIPY-Farbstoffen ~100-mal kĂŒrzer waren als die der ungebundenen Farbstoffe, was zu einer berechneten Effizienz von > 95% fĂŒr den Energietransfer fĂŒhrte. Die effiziente EnergieĂŒbertragung der FarbstoffmolekĂŒle auf SiNCs fĂŒhrt zu einer Erhöhung der Emissionen von Perylen-SiNCs und BODIPY-SiNCs im nahen Infrarot (NIR) um ~ 270% bzw. ~ 140% bei Anregung bei 440 nm bzw. 515 nm. Trotz der Zunahme der absoluten Helligkeit der Emission (aufgrund der AbsorptionsverstĂ€rkung) bewirkt die RĂŒckenergieĂŒbertragung von den SiNCs auf den Farbstoff eine Abnahme der PLQY von perylenmodifizierten SiNCs im Vergleich zu unmodifizierten SiNCs. Wir gehen davon aus, dass eine effiziente RĂŒckenergieĂŒbertragung von SiNCs auf Perylen ĂŒber einen Perylen-Triplett-Zustand erfolgen muss. Der Perylen-Triplett-Zustand liegt im Bereich von ~800-850 nm und fĂ€llt mit der PL-Emission von SiNCs zusammen (~800-860 nm). Die Koinzidenz der EnergiezustĂ€nde könnte genutzt werden, um den Perylen-Triplett-Zustand zu bevölkern, und ĂŒber Triplett-Triplett-EnergieĂŒbertragung zur Bildung von Singulett-Sauerstoff (1O2) fĂŒhren. Im letzten Teil dieser Arbeit wurden die kovalent verankerten Perylen-SiNCs, die ĂŒber eine mikrowellenunterstĂŒtzte Hydrosilylierungsreaktion synthetisiert wurden, auf ihre FĂ€higkeit zur Erzeugung von 1O2 untersucht. Obwohl Alkyl-SiNCs keine intrinsische FĂ€higkeit besitzen, 1O2 zu erzeugen, zeigt diese Arbeit, dass Perylen-SiNCs 1O2 mit einer moderaten Quantenausbeute (Ί\Phi Δ_{\Delta}) von bis zu 27% in Cyclohexan erzeugen. Diese Ergebnisse wurden durch Messung der Singulett-Sauerstoff-Phosphoreszenz bei 1270 nm erzielt. SiNCs spielen eine wichtige Rolle bei der Erzeugung von 1O2 mit Perylen-SiNCs-Konjugaten, da SiNCs UV- und blaue Strahlung ernten und die absorbierte Energie in einen Triplett-Zustand der angelagerten Farbstoffe ĂŒbertragen können. Die Triplett-Zustandspopulation nimmt zu und fĂŒhrt zu einer Zunahme der 1O2-Erzeugung. Gleichzeitig zeigten die SiNC-Farbstoffkonjugate NIR-Lumineszenz mit einer PLQY von bis zu 22%. Das Lumineszenzverhalten und die photosensibilisierenden Eigenschaften des SiNC-Farbstoffkonjugats könnten daher als neue multifunktionale Plattform im Bereich der Bioanwendungen von Interesse sein

    Present and future of surface-enhanced Raman scattering

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    The discovery of the enhancement of Raman scattering by molecules adsorbed on nanostructured metal surfaces is a landmark in the history of spectroscopic and analytical techniques. Significant experimental and theoretical effort has been directed toward understanding the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect and demonstrating its potential in various types of ultrasensitive sensing applications in a wide variety of fields. In the 45 years since its discovery, SERS has blossomed into a rich area of research and technology, but additional efforts are still needed before it can be routinely used analytically and in commercial products. In this Review, prominent authors from around the world joined together to summarize the state of the art in understanding and using SERS and to predict what can be expected in the near future in terms of research, applications, and technological development. This Review is dedicated to SERS pioneer and our coauthor, the late Prof. Richard Van Duyne, whom we lost during the preparation of this article

    Advances in Hyperspectral and Multispectral Optical Spectroscopy and Imaging of Tissue

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    The purpose of this SI is to provide an overview of recent advances made in the methods used for tissue imaging and characterization, which benefit from using a large range of optical wavelengths. Guerouah et al. has contributed a profound study of the responses of the adult human brain to breath-holding challenges based on hyperspectral near-infrared spectroscopy (hNIRS). Lange et al. contributed a timely and comprehensive review of the features and biomedical and clinical applications of supercontinuum laser sources. Blaney et al. reported the development of a calibration-free hNIRS system that can measure the absolute and broadband absorption and scattering spectra of turbid media. Slooter et al. studied the utility of measuring multiple tissue parameters simultaneously using four optical techniques operating at different wavelengths of light—optical coherence tomography (1300 nm), sidestream darkfield microscopy (530 nm), laser speckle contrast imaging (785 nm), and fluorescence angiography (~800 nm)—in the gastric conduit during esophagectomy. Caredda et al. showed the feasibility of accurately quantifying the oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin and cytochrome-c-oxidase responses to neuronal activation and obtaining spatial maps of these responses using a setup consisting of a white light source and a hyperspectral or standard RGB camera. It is interest for the developers and potential users of clinical brain and tissue optical monitors, and for researchers studying brain physiology and functional brain activity

    Robust Pre-Clinical Software System for Real Time NIRS and EEG Monitoring

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    RÉSUMÉ Ce mĂ©moire prĂ©sente la conception et l’implĂ©mentation d’un logiciel dĂ©diĂ© au support d’un systĂšme bimodal NIRS et EEG d’imagerie cĂ©rĂ©brale en temps rĂ©el. En effet, l’accĂšs Ă  l’information en temps rĂ©el concernant l’activitĂ© cĂ©rĂ©brale est un facteur important permettant la dĂ©tection de tout changement au niveau cortex du cerveau Ă  un stade prĂ©coce. Or, les logiciels actuellement disponibles comparables Ă  celui prĂ©sentĂ© ici n’offrent qu’une possibilitĂ© d’ajustement limitĂ©e des paramĂštres en temps rĂ©el ainsi que peu de fonctionnalitĂ© permettant l’analyse rapide et efficace des donnĂ©es. Le travail prĂ©sentĂ© dans ce prĂ©sent mĂ©moire a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ© au sein du groupe IMAGINC. Un groupe de recherche multidisciplinaire ayant comme objectif le dĂ©veloppement d’un systĂšme d’imagerie cĂ©rĂ©brale portatif, non invasif et sans-fil permettant d’imager le cortex entier en temps rĂ©el. Le module d’acquisition de donnĂ©es de ce systĂšme enregistre l’information de 128 canaux NIRS et 32 canaux EEG ainsi que diffĂ©rents accĂ©lĂ©romĂštres et canaux analogiques le tout par l’entremise d’optodes et d’électrodes placĂ©es sur un casque d’enregistrement. Ces donnĂ©es sont ensuite envoyĂ©es par un lien de communication sans-fil au logiciel qui recueille et affiche l’état hĂ©modynamique du sujet par l’entremise de son interface graphique. Il est ensuite possible de choisir diffĂ©rentes vues des cartes 2D du cerveau sur lesquelles les changements hĂ©modynamiques sont prĂ©sentĂ©s. La surveillance Ă  distance de l’état du sujet est aussi possible puisque ces donnĂ©es peuvent ĂȘtre retransmises vers un autre ordinateur par un lien sans-fil. De plus, de par son interface graphique conviviale et intuitive, l’usager peut facilement ajuster diffĂ©rents paramĂštres de test tout au long de l’acquisition de donnĂ©es sans mĂȘme l’interrompre. Dans le but d’optimiser les paramĂštres pour chaque sujet, une fonction de calibration automatique ajustant l’intensitĂ© d’illumination de chacun des Ă©metteurs en quelques secondes a Ă©tĂ© implĂ©mentĂ©e. Pour faciliter le processus de test, il est possible de tĂ©lĂ©charger des fichiers (bipolaire et montage rĂ©fĂ©rentielle) contenant des paramĂštres de configurations prĂ©Ă©tablies pour le NIRS et l’EEG. Enfin, il est possible de faire une analyse automatique et rapide de l’état de tous les canaux NIRS durant les tests afin d’assurer une bonne connexion ainsi que la validitĂ© des donnĂ©es. Le systĂšme conçu est en mesure d’enregistrer et de traiter des donnĂ©es en temps rĂ©el sur une pĂ©riode de 24 heures. Les rĂ©sultats obtenus ont Ă©tĂ© validĂ©s en utilisant des logiciels d’analyse de donnĂ©es NIRS similaires durant des tĂąches de finger tapping induisant un changement hĂ©modynamique chez les sujets.----------ABSTRACT This master’s thesis presents the design and implementation of a real-time software system to support a bimodal NIRS and EEG brain imaging device. Real-time information on brain activity is an important factor in early detection and diagnosis at the top level of the cortex of various brain disorders. Current software systems provide limited real-time parameter adjustment and automated features for quick and easy analysis. The project presented in this master’s thesis is part of the multidisciplinary IMAGINC research group, with the objective of developing a wireless, non-invasive and portable brain imaging system that allows imaging of the whole cortex in real time. The hardware system is capable of recording data from 128 NIRS and 32 EEG channels, as well as additional accelerometer and analog channels through the optodes and electrodes mounted onto the helmet. The software system acquires the real-time data from the hardware module using a wireless connection and displays the hemodynamic variations on the user interface. The change in hemodynamic activity is displayed on a 2D map of the brain, with selection of different views. Remote monitoring is also possible since the data can be transferred wirelessly to another computer. Through the user-friendly and intuitive user interface, the user can control and adjust various test parameters throughout the acquisition without any interruption. In order to achieve maximum illumination setting for individual subjects there is an automatic calibration function that quickly adjusts the illumination intensity for each of the emitters in just a few seconds. Previously defined NIRS and EEG configuration files (bipolar and referential montage) can be uploaded for easy testing. An automated analysis feature quickly analyzes and reports the status of all NIRS channels during the test to ensure good connection and valid results. The designed system can successfully record and process data for a continuous period of up to 24 hours. The results have been validated using similar NIRS data analysis software during figure tapping tasks and the hemodynamic variations were as expected

    Dose-response modelling for degradation of historical paper containing iron gall ink

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    To advance the development of tailored strategies for collection management in museums and archives, this research is grounded in integrated modelling for decision support, in which the knowledge of material behaviours and decision-making is combined. To gain insights into the development of the backbone of integrated models, this research explores dose-response modelling for the degradation of paper containing iron gall ink. Using historical samples, three experiments were designed to investigate the two degradation processes: the ink corrosion of paper and the discolouration of ink and paper. For ink corrosion, the accelerating effect of ink on the reduction of degree of polymerisation (DP) of paper was validated with natural degradation. Firstly, the use of near infrared spectroscopy coupled with multivariate analysis to predict DP was investigated as a non-destructive method for data acquisition. Due to the difficulty in establishing successful models for the DP of ink line, the second experiment was carried out, where data of age, DP, pH, and paper thickness were collected conventionally. The presence of ink was found to increase the degradation of paper by 55% – 95% in a natural environment, complying with the results obtained from accelerated degradation. For the discolouration of ink and paper, a 23 full factorial experiment was designed to investigate the effects of [O2], relative humidity (RH) and illuminance on spectroscopic and tristimulus colourimetric responses. The photodegradation of paper was found to be affected by the main effects, whereas [O2], RH, and their interaction were found to play significant roles in the photodegradation of ink. The presence of O2 was observed to decrease the lifetime expectancy of paper by 10 times but increase that of ink by 20 times. This divergent effect of O2 required careful analysis of the contrast between paper and ink to assess the preservation risks of the entire objects
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