Large-Scale smart grids as system of systems

Smart Grids are advanced power networks that introduce intelligent management, control, and operation systems to address the new challenges generated by the growing energy demand and the appearance of renewal energies. In the literature, Smart Grids are presented as an exemplar SoS: systems composed of large heterogeneous and independent systems that leverage emergent behavior from their interaction. Smart Grids are currently scaling up the electricity service to millions of customers. These Smart Grids are known as Large-Scale Smart Grids. From the experience in several projects about Large-Scale Smart Grids, this paper defines Large-Scale Smart Grids as a SoS that integrate a set of SoS and conceptualizes the properties of this SoS. In addition, the paper defines the architectural framework for deploying the software architectures of Large-Scale Smart Grid SoS

Analytics of flexible electric consumption. Forecasting the electrical load and the demand response availability

The Demand Response is one of the solutions to the fluctuations of the generation in the power systems. A realtime market combined to automation systems on household has been developed during EcoGrid EU project. This study aims to further develop the Load Forecasting model with statistical learning algorithms based on Support Vector Machine. The extraction of the dependency of the electrical load on temperature and price is proved to be complicated by cross-dependencies and non-linearitie