Safe Intelligent Driver Assistance System in V2X Communication Environments based on IoT

In the modern world, power and speed of cars have increased steadily, as traffic continued to increase. At the same time highway-related fatalities and injuries due to road incidents are constantly growing and safety problems come first. Therefore, the development of Driver Assistance Systems (DAS) has become a major issue. Numerous innovations, systems and technologies have been developed in order to improve road transportation and safety. Modern computer vision algorithms enable cars to understand the road environment with low miss rates. A number of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSs), Vehicle Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs) have been applied in the different cities over the world. Recently, a new global paradigm, known as the Internet of Things (IoT) brings new idea to update the existing solutions. Vehicle-to-Infrastructure communication based on IoT technologies would be a next step in intelligent transportation for the future Internet-of-Vehicles (IoV). The overall purpose of this research was to come up with a scalable IoT solution for driver assistance, which allows to combine safety relevant information for a driver from different types of in-vehicle sensors, in-vehicle DAS, vehicle networks and driver`s gadgets. This study brushed up on the evolution and state-of-the-art of Vehicle Systems. Existing ITSs, VANETs and DASs were evaluated in the research. The study proposed a design approach for the future development of transport systems applying IoT paradigm to the transport safety applications in order to enable driver assistance become part of Internet of Vehicles (IoV). The research proposed the architecture of the Safe Intelligent DAS (SiDAS) based on IoT V2X communications in order to combine different types of data from different available devices and vehicle systems. The research proposed IoT ARM structure for SiDAS, data flow diagrams, protocols. The study proposes several IoT system structures for the vehicle-pedestrian and vehicle-vehicle collision prediction as case studies for the flexible SiDAS framework architecture. The research has demonstrated the significant increase in driver situation awareness by using IoT SiDAS, especially in NLOS conditions. Moreover, the time analysis, taking into account IoT, Cloud, LTE and DSRS latency, has been provided for different collision scenarios, in order to evaluate the overall system latency and ensure applicability for real-time driver emergency notification. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed SiDAS improves traffic safety

Adaptive messaging based on AoI for congestion control in VANETs

Improvement of the energy efficiency of communication protocols through the usage of modern AI techniques like Machine Learning. With regards to all kinds of applications like vehicular communications or other distributed services.Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs) are mostly used to support safety applications within mobility environments. But the nature of such communications, where the networks are highly dynamic, with messages usually broadcasted and without any acknowledgements or prior knowledge of who will receive a sent packet; makes these networks easy to get congested. Especially in urban environments, where it?s easy to find large amounts of vehicles in a relatively small area. This project makes use of the Age of Information (AoI) theory and metrics to design a new Cooperative Awareness Message (CAM) dissemination algorithm which automatically handles the frequency of sending messages adjusting itself to the congestion. Proving that, using this AoIaware algorithm, there is a better performance than the standardized solution

Simulation Of Vehicular Movement in VANET

In the recent years research in the field of vehicular ad-hoc network(VANET) is done extensively. VANET consist of large number of dynamically nodes which are vehicles over a area. Different types of technology and applications are being developed for the VANET . So this VANET technology and applications should be thoroughly checked before deployment in the real world environment. But to test technologies and applications in real world environment is not feasible it involves lot of danger and safety issues, different reports of the testing can’t also be generated so to overcome these limitation we need to carry out simulation of VANET in the computer environment i.e. we should do a computer simulation. Computer simulation is risk and danger free, we can generate different scenario (rural, urban, collision of vehicles) of the VANET using this. So computer simulation is very important in VANET research. Simulation of VANET is divided into two part a. Traffic simulation: Generation of traffic movement, Defining the mobility model for vehicle and creating traffic movement. b. Network simulation: Generating Inter communicating vehicle , Defining communication protocols. And both the simulation are connected in bi-directional coupling

Real-Time Estimation of the Distribution of Brake Response Times for an Individual Driver Using Vehicular Ad Hoc Network

Adapting the functioning of the collision warning systems to the specific drivers' characteristics is of great benefit to drivers. For example, by customizing collision warning algorithms we can minimize false alarms, thereby reducing injuries and deaths in highway traffic accidents. In order to take the behaviors of individual drivers into account, the system needs to have a Real-Time estimation of the distribution of brake response times for an individual driver. In this paper, we propose a method for doing this estimation which is not computationally intensive and can take advantage of the information contained in all data points

Optimized Collision Warning Protocol in VANET

Transportation has become an essential part in our life. As an outcome, number of vehicles are going up day by day. Trafc casualties is getting higher and higher day by day and streets are being blocked and overcrowded. Vehicle accidents have been taking many lives every year, it has now outnumbered the number of death a disaster or a savage infection takes lives in a year. Studies demonstrate that if the driver of the vehicle is given a warning message in less than half seconds before an accident then around 50% roadway crashes could be evaded. In this thesis a vehicle-to-vehicle communication protocol for collision warning has been proposed. Wireless technology such as DSRC promises to significantly diminish the number of deadly road accidents for vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-roadside (V2R) communication by giving timely warnings. Accomplishing low delivery delay time in conveying Emergency Warning Message in different road circumstances to neighboring vehicles is one of the foremost technical issue addressed in this thesis. Moreover an algorithm for collision avoidance is also stated in this thesis. An effective protocol was designed covering obstruction control policies and techniques for Emergency Warning Message differentiation by taking into account various application requirements. Results from the simulation shows that the protocol proposed in this thesis accomplishes low delivery delay time in conveying Emergency Warning Message even under unpleasant road situation

Enhancing infotainment applications quality of service in vehicular ad hoc networks

Les réseaux ad hoc de véhicules accueillent une multitude d’applications intéressantes. Parmi celles-ci, les applications d’info-divertissement visent à améliorer l’expérience des passagers. Ces applications ont des exigences rigides en termes de délai de livraison et de débit. De nombreuses approches ont été proposées pour assurer la qualité du service des dites applications. Elles sont réparties en deux couches : réseau et contrôle d’accès. Toutefois, ces méthodes présentent plusieurs lacunes. Cette thèse a trois volets. Le premier aborde la question du routage dans le milieu urbain. A cet égard, un nouveau protocole, appelé SCRP, a été proposé. Il exploite l’information sur la circulation des véhicules en temps réel pour créer des épines dorsales sur les routes et les connecter aux intersections à l’aide des nœuds de pont. Ces derniers collectent des informations concernant la connectivité et le délai, utilisées pour choisir les chemins de routage ayant un délai de bout-en-bout faible. Le deuxième s’attaque au problème d’affectation des canaux de services afin d’augmenter le débit. A cet effet, un nouveau mécanisme, appelé ASSCH, a été conçu. ASSCH collecte des informations sur les canaux en temps réel et les donne à un modèle stochastique afin de prédire leurs états dans l’avenir. Les canaux les moins encombrés sont sélectionnés pour être utilisés. Le dernier volet vise à proposer un modèle analytique pour examiner la performance du mécanisme EDCA de la norme IEEE 802.11p. Ce modèle tient en compte plusieurs facteurs, dont l’opportunité de transmission, non exploitée dans IEEE 802.11p.The fact that vehicular ad hoc network accommodates two types of communications, Vehicle-to-Vehicle and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure, has opened the door for a plethora of interesting applications to thrive. Some of these applications, known as infotainment applications, focus on enhancing the passengers' experience. They have rigid requirements in terms of delivery delay and throughput. Numerous approaches have been proposed, at medium access control and routing layers, to enhance the quality of service of such applications. However, existing schemes have several shortcomings. Subsequently, the design of new and efficient approaches is vital for the proper functioning of infotainment applications. This work proposes three schemes. The first is a novel routing protocol, labeled SCRP. It leverages real-time vehicular traffic information to create backbones over road segments and connect them at intersections using bridge nodes. These nodes are responsible for collecting connectivity and delay information, which are used to select routing paths with low end-to-end delay. The second is an altruistic service channel selection scheme, labeled ASSCH. It first collects real-time service channels information and feeds it to a stochastic model that predicts the state of these channels in the near future. The least congested channels are then selected to be used. The third is an analytical model for the performance of the IEEE 802.11p Enhanced Distributed Channel Access mechanism that considers various factors, including the transmission opportunity (TXOP), unexploited by IEEE 802.11p

VANET-Based Traffic Monitoring and Incident Detection System: A Review

As a component of intelligent transport systems (ITS), vehicular ad hoc network (VANET), which is a subform of manet, has been identified. It is established on the roads based on available vehicles and supporting road infrastructure, such as base stations. An accident can be defined as any activity in the environment that may be harmful to human life or dangerous to human life. In terms of early detection, and broadcast delay. VANET has shown various problems. The available technologies for incident detection and the corresponding algorithms for processing. The present problem and challenges of incident detection in VANET technology are discussed in this paper. The paper also reviews the recently proposed methods for early incident techniques and studies them